Term
a substance whose atoms all contain the same number of protons and electrons.
* a pure substance containing only one type of atom |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
the smallest part of an element that has all the characteristics of that element.
* smallest unit of matter |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a subatomic particle that has a positive electrical charge, found in the nucleus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| subatomic particle that has no electrical charge, found in the nucleus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| subatomic particle that has a negative electrical charge, found orbiting the nucleus of an atom |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| number of protons in an atom |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mass determined by adding the number of protons and neutrons |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| attraction or force that holds atoms together |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| chemical combination of two or more atoms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| charged particle formed by an atom or group of atoms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| position of electrons within an atom |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| orbitals can hold up to _____ electrons each. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| orbitals are arranged into __________ __________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| two electrons arranged in energy levels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chemical bond formed by loss and gain of electrons between atoms |
|
|
Term
| ionic bonds are chemical bonds formed by the ______________ of electrons between atoms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chemical bond formed by sharing of electrons between atoms |
|
|
Term
| covalent bonds are chemical bonds formed by the ____________ of electrons between atoms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chemical bond in which hydrogen is attracted to the nitrogen or oxygen of another molecule |
|
|
Term
| hydrogen bonds are chemical bonds in which hydrogen is attracted to the __________ or ____________ of another molecule |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 atoms that make of 96% of the human body? |
|
Definition
| Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen |
|
|
Term
| Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen are the 4 atoms that make up what percent of the human body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| State the normal pH of the following body fluids: gastric juice |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| State the normal pH of the following body fluids: urine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| State the normal pH of the following body fluids: saliva |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| State the normal pH of the following body fluids: blood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| State the normal pH of the following body fluids: intracellular fluid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is cell respiration? |
|
Definition
| Energy production within the cells |
|
|
Term
| What is the role of O2 in the cell respiration? |
|
Definition
| cells must have O2 to breakdown organic molecules |
|
|
Term
| What is the role of CO2 in cell resporation? |
|
Definition
| Carbond Dioxide is a waste product |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
the process of forming complex molecules or compounds from simpler compounds or elements
* Forms bonds - Requires Energy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
larger molecules are changed to two or more smaller ones
* Bonds are broken - Releases Energy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| decreases the concentration of H+ or increases the concentration of OH- in water |
|
|
Term
| range of pH is from ______ (most acidic) to ________ (most alkaline) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Explain the importance of water to the functioning of the body. |
|
Definition
| It is a: solvent (dissolves many substances), lubricant (prevents friction), and changes temperature slowly (maintains body temp) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 components of DNA? |
|
Definition
| Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine |
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 components of RNA? |
|
Definition
| Adenine, Uracil, Guanine, and Cytosine |
|
|
Term
| What is the structure and function of DNA? |
|
Definition
| Double Helix / makes up chromosomes, carries the genetic code |
|
|
Term
| What is the structure and function of RNA? |
|
Definition
| Single strand / Synthesized from DNA, protein synthesis |
|
|
Term
| simple molecule of 1 or 2 elements, very few conain carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen covalent bonds |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of water? |
|
Definition
| essential to life it makes up 60-75% of the body |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of acids and bases? |
|
Definition
| compounds that affect chemical reactions in the body |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of salts? |
|
Definition
| the remaining ionic compounds after acids and bases mix and form water |
|
|
Term
| more complex molecules that contain carbon-hydrogen and carbon-carbon covalent bonds |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of Carbohydrates? |
|
Definition
source of energy,
glucose = primary source of energy for cells |
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 carbohydrates? |
|
Definition
- Monosaccharaides
- Disaccharides |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of Proteins? |
|
Definition
| large molecules made of amino acids, consists of structural proteins, functional proteins, and enzymes |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of Lipids? |
|
Definition
| triglycerides (store energy), phospholipids (foundation of cell membrane), and cholesterol |
|
|
Term
| List the four organic compounds discussed in the LAP |
|
Definition
| Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, and Nucleic Acids |
|
|
Term
| List the three inorganic compounds discussed in the LAP |
|
Definition
| Water, Acids & Bases, and Salts |
|
|
Term
| organic compounds are more complex molecules that contain ________ and _________ covalent bonds |
|
Definition
| carbon-hydrogen, carbon-carbon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| more complex molecules that contain carbon-hydrogen and carbon-carbon covalent bonds |
|
|
Term
| inorganic compounds are simple molecule of 1 or 2 elements, very few contain ___________ or __________ covalent bonds |
|
Definition
| carbon-hydrogen, carbon-carbon |
|
|
Term
about cell respiration:
__________ is the waste product of cell respiration. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| define inorganic compounds |
|
Definition
| simple molecule of 1 or 2 elements, very few conain carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen covalent bonds |
|
|
Term
| Synthesis is the process of forming complex molecules or compounds from _________ __________ or _________ - requires energy |
|
Definition
| simpler compounds, elements |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process of forming complex molecules or compounds from simpler compounds or elements - requires energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| larger molecules are changed to two or more smaller ones - releases engergy |
|
|
Term
| Decomposition is when larger molecules are changed to ______ or ________ smaller ones |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Explain what the pH scale indicates |
|
Definition
| indicates the concentration of H+ in solution |
|
|
Term
| What kind of charge does an proton produce and where is it located in the atom? |
|
Definition
| positive charge, found in the nucleus |
|
|
Term
| What kind of charge does a neutron produce and where is it located in the atom? |
|
Definition
| no electrical charge, found in the nucleus |
|
|
Term
| What kind of charge does an electron produce and where is it located in the atom? |
|
Definition
| negative electrical charge, found orbiting the nucleus (in the energy levels) |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between the atomic number and atomic weight? |
|
Definition
• Atomic number - The number of protons in an atom
• Atomic weight - The number of protons AND neutrons in an atom |
|
|
Term
| An atom is the smallest part of an _________ that has all the characteristics of that _________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| attraction or force that holds atoms together |
|
|
Term
| Bonds are an ________ or ________ that holds atoms together |
|
Definition
|
|
