Term
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Definition
| The part of the menstrual cycle when the ovum is discharged from the ovary. - In a woman with perfect 28-day cycles, ovulation would be at midcycle. |
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Term
| sexual response cycle (EPOR) |
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Definition
EPOR-Excitement, Plateu, Orgasm, Resolution,
Refactory period-rest |
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Term
How many people get an STI in US each year?
HIV? |
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Definition
19.7 million Americans
1 in 5 |
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Term
| HIV (and other STIs) is transmitted and how to reduce risk |
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Definition
HIV: fluids: blood, semen, vdg fluid, breastmilk
test-transfusion
needle exchange
sex
Mom to child
Can provide treatment: take it daily |
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Term
| 2 things that measure HIV: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Infections that can be, but are not necessarily always, transmitted by sexual contact.
• Bacteria
• Parasites
• Viruses |
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Term
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Definition
• Rarely transmitted to others except by
intimate, sexual contact |
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Term
| HIV affects which two systems? |
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Definition
| The endocrine and immune system |
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Term
| How many pregnancies are unplanned? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What’s the most common contraceptive in the US? Globally? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
male condom: (“rubbers,” “safes,” or prophylactics) are thin sheaths made of latex rubber, lamb intestine, polyurethane, or synthetic elastomers that fit over the penis and thus trap the sperm.
female condom: as it is called, is actually an intravagi-nal pouch—a 7-inch-long bag that is held in place in the vagina by two flexible rings (see Figure 6–5). A woman inserts it with her fingers by pushing the closed-ended ring against the cervix, as she would a diaphragm. |
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Term
| What is emergency contraception? |
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Definition
plan B
best contraception-the pill
sterilization-most common contraception |
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Term
| What permanent/difficult to reverse methods exist? |
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Definition
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Term
| What changes have we seen in teen pregnancy? How does the US compare? |
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Definition
| What is responsible for the decline in teenage pregnancies in the last decade? It can only be due to two things: either fewer teens are having sex and/ or there is better use of contraception. Studies have shown that 86% of the decline in pregnancies is due to increased use of contraception, and only 14% is the result of increased abstinence |
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Term
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Definition
| The social construction of femininity and masculinity. |
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Term
| What are the chromosomes involved in determining sex? Who contributes what? |
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Definition
| Girls usually have two X chromosomes (XX), while boys usually have one X and one Y chromosome (XY). Thus, it is the sperm from the father that determines the genetic sex of the child, and this is determined at the moment of conception. |
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Term
| What age are people the most sexually active? |
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Definition
| In fact, for the entire population, the frequency of sexual relations is highest for married couples in their mid-20s to mid-30s |
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Term
| What are laws called that ban certain sexual behaviors? |
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Definition
| Sodomy laws-ban specific behaviors between consenting adults (ex: not allowed to do anal or oral sex) "Crimes against nature" |
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Term
| What happens during puberty? |
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Definition
Puberty is at least a two-part maturational process (Grumbach, 2002). In the first part, the adrenal glands start to mature (called adre-narche ) when children are between the ages of 6 and 8. The adrenal glands secrete the androgen hormone DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone), which is then converted to testosterone and estrogen. Notice that at this stage girls as well as boys experience an increase in androgens (“male” hormones).
In the second stage, the testicles and ovaries mature (called gonadarche ), usually several years after adrenarche. the pituitary gland begins to secrete FSH in high doses, stimulating the production of sperm in seminiferous tubules in boys and the maturation of ova in girls. |
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Term
| What are some of the reasons that some older couples have less sex? |
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Definition
For some, sexual activity was limited by living arrangements and the availability of partners, not by a lack of interest. Lack of privacy, erectile disorders
The third major factor preventing some elderly people from enjoying sexual relations is the opportunity for privacy when one is dependent on others for care. |
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Term
| What accounts for why some older couples are more sexual than others? |
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Definition
| having more sex because there is no fear of pregnancy |
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Term
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Definition
| self-stimulation of one’s genitals. |
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Term
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Definition
| “theres only one right person” “it’s easy” “there is one traditional script.” |
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Term
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Definition
1. first stage:
start-up stage: and involves the woman’s body making preparations to expel the fetus from the uterus into the outside world.
transition phase, so called because it marks the end of the initial stage of labor and the beginning of the next (birth) stage.
2. second stage: begins when the cervix is fully dilated and the fetus begins moving through the birth canal. It ends with birth.
3. third stage: the placenta detaches from the uterus and leaves the mother’s body. This is what is called the afterbirth. |
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Term
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Definition
We’re all sexual beings – We all have a right to
sexual health – Sex is a vital part of loving relationships – Sex can be loving, fun, intimate, and joyous! – It can feel good! |
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Term
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Definition
Avoid STIs & HIV
Avoid sexual abuse
Don’t get pregnant
Avoid unwanted pregnancy
Homophobia |
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Term
| What is sexual self-esteem? |
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Definition
Emotional Well-Being
• Do You Think You’re a Good Catch?
• Positive (Realistic) Body Image
• Comfortable with Self-Exploration |
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Term
| What is healthy behavior? |
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Definition
• When you think about it, are doing it, and reflect back on it, positive feelings are produced.
• You engage in the activity in a way that does not place yourself or others at risk for negative outcomes |
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Term
| What is sexual health communication? |
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Definition
• How would you feel if a prospective partner initiated a talk about sexual health?
• Why wouldn’t you initiate the talk?
• When should you two have the talk?
• If you do learn you have an STI, then what? – Inform previous partners – Get treated |
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Term
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Definition
• Will the influence of the Internet be recognized as the next sexual revolution?
• Four million websites and
• 40 million viewers per day of sexually explicit material online
• Sexting
• Teen exposure
• Exposure by teens to online sexual material is associated with a more recreational
attitude about sex. States with more Internet use see decreases in rape.
• Negatives: male teens see girls as sex objects; |
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Term
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Definition
•Through 1990s, explicit videos and magazines show egalitarian gender roles and consensual aggression
•Today, the trend is toward more sexually explicit, violent, degrading films
•Some men aroused by depictions of violence or degradation toward women
•R-rated movies, TV, video games |
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Term
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Definition
-The President’s Commission of 1970 concluded that sexually explicit material serves as an outlet to people with sexually criminal tendencies and might actually reduce crime.
-Erotica: literature or art that has a sexual theme. This is a morally neutral term.
-Pornography: literature or art with a sexual theme designed to cause arousal and excitement; considered to be obscene |
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Term
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Definition
| non-consensual oral, anal, or vaginal penetration, obtained by force, by threat of bodily harm, or when the victim is incapable of giving consent |
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Term
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Definition
| a law passed in 1873 that made it a felony to mail any material regarded as obscene or lewd |
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Term
| Sternberg's components of love |
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Definition
“Triangular theory of love”- intimacy, passion, and decision/commitment
intimacy- those feelings in a relationship that reflect warmth, closeness or bondedness
passion- drives involved in physical attraction, sexual desire and activity, and romance
decision/commitment- the decision to love another person and the commitment to maintain the relationship over time |
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Term
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Definition
| agreeing to secual intercourse when you do not really want to engage in it |
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Term
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Definition
| repeated pursuit of another individual who does not want a relationship |
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Term
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Definition
| the practice of persuading someone to do something by using force or threats. |
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Term
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Definition
•Survival sex work
•10-15% of street children in some countries are exchanging sex just to survive
•WWII—Japanese Army
•Children and young women trafficked to other countries
•2 million victims each year
•50,000 trafficked in U.S. each year |
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Term
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Definition
| prostitutes who work in houses of prostitution. |
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Term
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Definition
| highest status prostitutes who generally work out of their own apartments by appointment only. Regular customers. |
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Term
| Prostitution, who ends up in this profession? |
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Definition
Prostitution
Who ends up in this profession?
•$52 billion per year industry
•One percent have traded sex for money
•Most prostitutes work part time or for short time |
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Term
| Drug Use and Prostitution |
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Definition
| •3.5% of teens have traded sex for drugs or money |
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Term
| Who seeks sex services? “The Customer” |
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Definition
•Terms - Johns, tricks, scores
•Descriptions - scores—most are white, middle- class, middle-aged, and
married...average men
•Statistics - From 10%-23% of men have paid for sex at least once |
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Term
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Definition
| a prostitute who solicits in public. (10%- 20% of all). Almost all arrested are streetwalkers, typically have a pimp. |
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Term
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Definition
| disorder of phasing of the courtship behavior- a group of paraphilias (voyeurism, exhibitionism, frotteurism, and telephone scatophilia) often seen together |
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Term
| CS Lewis Definition of Love |
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Definition
| “To love at all is to be vulnerable. Love anything and your heart will be wrung and possibly broken. If you want to make sure of keeping it intact you must give it to no one, not even an animal. Wrap it carefully round with hobbies and little luxuries; avoid all entanglements. Lock it up safe in the casket or coffin of your selfishness. But in that casket, safe, dark, motionless, airless, it will change. It will not be broken; it will become unbreakable, impenetrable, irredeemable. To love is to be vulnerable.” |
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Term
| Plan B/Emergency Contraception |
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Definition
| methods that prevent conception when used in the first few days of sexual intercourse |
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Term
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Definition
| General term for a group of sexual disorders in which repeatedly engaging in or fantasizing about unusual behaviors is a preferred way of obtaining sexual arousal and gratification. |
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Term
| What constitutes a paraphilia vs a variation?- |
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Definition
| Paraphilias refer to the way in which one PERFERRES to be sexual arroused, whereas variants are just other ways of arousal |
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Term
| When are Paraphilia's harmful? |
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Definition
| some forms of paraphilia are physically harmful to oneself, or physical or psychological harm to others. However, some may appear harmless. Many argue that they are harmful though because it deprives the individual of physically affectionate relations with others |
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Term
| Effective communication strategies |
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Definition
Know what you want and do not want sexually.
Communicate clearly to your partner what is OK and what is not OK.
Listen carefully to what your partner is saying and expect the same in return.
Be assertive in defining your personal space.
Use words vs. non-verbal communication. Phrases like “does that feel good to you?” or “are you enjoying this?” help reassure consensual and pleasurable sex.
I-statements instead of You-statements
Reflection statements
Reflection is saying back, in your own words, the content and/or feeling of what the other person just said. Reflection does not question, challenge, argue, approve, or disapprove. “Formula”: "Sounds like you're feeling/thinking/wanting (express the emotion, thought, desire you hear)...because (state the reason you heard for it)..." |
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Term
| Qualities of a healthy relationship |
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Definition
Respect
Honesty and trust
Fairness and equality
Good communication
Consent: Mutually understandable words or actions that demonstrate a
voluntary agreement to engage in mutually agreed-upon activity. Consent
must be informed, active, and freely given. Consent is invalidated when it is
forced, coerced, or nullified by a person’s incapacitation, including being under the influence of alcohol or other drug. Non-action as a response does not constitute active or affirmative consent. |
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Term
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Definition
- understand yourself better
- no obligations to another person
- enjoy spending time with friends
-more time for school and academics |
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Term
| Rape-Reported how often? Why not reported? |
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Definition
•Rape is possibly the most underreported crime in U.S.—2/3 of cases are not reported
•Not reported because of fear, shame, guilt, embarrassment, self blame. |
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Term
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Definition
how often does it occur? Rape: nonconsensual oral, anal, or vaginal penetration obtained by force, threat, or when victim is incapable of giving consent
•U.S. rape rate has come down since the 90s, but is still higher than other countries
•U.S. rape rates peaked in 1992 and declined
•20% of women forced into sex at least once
•Women are more likely to report rape by stranger than by familiar other
•29% of victims are under age 11 |
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Term
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Definition
Relative-6%
Spouse/Romantic Partners- 34%
Stranger-22%
Friend/Aquitance-38%
Characteristics of Rapists:
• Because most rapes are never reported, these characteristics may not be 100% accurate
•Young repeat-offender male
•Typical range of IQ and incidence of psychiatric illness
•Lack of internal controls such as fear, guilt, or
sympathy
•Strong, negative, hostile attitudes about women
•Lack of empathy for victim’s perspective |
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Term
| College Women and sexual assault |
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Definition
•Harassment by instructor(30% of women)
•Consequences-Change majors or dropout
•Title IX of U.S. Education Code-School can be held liable if sexual harassment on
campus ignored |
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Term
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Definition
wide spread mistaken beliefs about rape
1. Women who are raped usually provoked the attack
by their dress and behavior
2. Women subconsciously want to be raped
3. no woman can be raped if she truly does not want
to be
4. Women frequently make false accusations of rape |
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Term
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Definition
| rape victim is a male- 1.4% of men have reported having been raped in their lifetime- perpetrate tends to be male as well- more likely to be raped during childhood |
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Term
| Sexual assault and alcohol |
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Definition
| The use of alcohol can further complicate interpersonal communication about sexual intentions. About half of date rapist and their victims had been previously drinking |
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Term
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Definition
| unwelcome sexual advances that persist after the recipient has indicated that they are unwanted. |
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Term
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Definition
Different quirks of people involved
Trust
Honest communication
Emotional closeness/intimacy/vulnerability
Physical intimacy
Can help us learn about others and ourselves
Companionship
Increase our confidence
Faithfulness
Comfort and Support
Find meaning or purpose
Learn more about handling emotions
Learn and establish your own needs and boundaries |
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Term
| Exceptions to first amendment |
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Definition
-Catherine MacKinnon (1996) believes that pornography perpetuates sexual inequality, male dominance, and the dehumanization of women, and argues that the antidiscrimination provisions of the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution should take precedence over the First Amendment. However, other feminists worry that attempts to ban sexually explicit material on grounds of discrimination reinforce a double standard. “It reasserts that women are sexually different from men and in need of special protection. Yet special protection inadvertently reinforces the ways in which women are legally and socially said to be different from men”
-In a unanimous decision, the U.S. Supreme Court struck this down in 1997 (Reno v. ACLU ), giving the Internet full protection under the First Amendment. A second attempt by Congress, the Child Online Protection Act, met a similar fate, as did a third attempt, the Children’s Internet Protection Act. |
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Term
| Discrimination/victimization of women |
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Definition
-Some people oppose it on the grounds that it causes men to view women as sex objects and leads to sex discrimination
-Researchers, women’s rights advocates, and many policy makers believe that the sexual victimization of women will remain prevalent in any country that is marked by a rigid gender hierarchy and ideas of manhood that center on violence and sexual entitlement. |
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Term
| 1969 or 1970 Commission on Obscenity & Pornography |
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Definition
| A 1969 United States Supreme Court decision that held that people could view whatever they wished in the privacy of their own homes caused the United States Congress to fund the President's Commission on Obscenity and Pornography, set up by President Lyndon B. Johnson to study pornography. |
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