Term
| Bonus: What are the three things Dr. Turner wants us to remember concerning body image? |
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Definition
(1) Each person is unique
(2) Each body is unique
(3) Appreciate you and your uniqueness, as opposed to a fake image of what beauty is supposed to be |
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Term
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Definition
| Term used to describe all the external genital structures of the female |
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Term
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Definition
| A cushion of fatty tissue covering the pubic bone |
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Term
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Definition
| Folds of tissue surrounding the vagina, the labia majora being the outer folds and the labia minora being the inner folds |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| What is the primary source of sexual stimulation/pleasure for females? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A membranous tissue that can cover part of the vaginal opening |
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Term
| What is the urinary meatus? |
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Definition
| The urethral opening for a woman |
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Term
| Is the hymen a reliable indicator of virginity? |
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Definition
| No. According to one study, only 57% of virgin women had an intact hymen |
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Term
| What is a clitoridectomy? |
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Definition
| The surgical removal of the clitoris. Also known as female circumcision, as many as 80 million women undergo this procedure. |
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Term
| What is the pubococcygeus (PC) muscle? |
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Definition
| Supporting musculature of the vagina involved in orgasmic response |
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Term
| How long does it take for a fertilized egg to travel from the fallopian tubes to the uterus? What does it do there? |
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Definition
| It takes four days, and the egg implants in the uterine walls - but this implantation does not always happen |
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Term
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Definition
| A woman's first menstruation |
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Term
| What are the stages of the menstrual cycle? |
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Definition
| Follicular, ovulation, lacteal secretion, menstruation, menopause |
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Term
| What do many women do to combat the discomfort of menopause? |
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Definition
| Estrogen Replacement Therapy (ERT) |
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Term
| When does menopause usually occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| What percentage of women in the world have the "ideal" body type, as put forth by modern Western society? |
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Definition
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Term
| In heterosexual relationships, how do women feel about their bodies? How do their partners feel? |
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Definition
| More than 50% of women are unhappy with their bodies, especially their breast size/shape. More than 50% of men say they are satisfied with their partner's body |
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Term
| Can a woman become pregnant by pre-ejaculatory fluid? |
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Definition
| Almost never. Usually there's no sperm in that fluid, and if there is, it's usually dead. So nearly 0% chance - but it's not impossible. |
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Term
| Can a woman become pregnant without penetration? |
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Definition
| Almost 0% chance, especially if a condom is used. But not impossible. |
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Term
| Be sure you can read a normal curve |
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Definition
| The average results pile up in the middle, while the standard deviations (the extreme results) lie on the sides |
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Term
| What are some common effects of menopause? |
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Definition
| It depends from person to person, but often it results in a lack of vaginal lubrication and a thinning of the vaginal walls. It also results in lowered estrogen and an increased risk of osteoporosis and heart disease |
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Term
| What are the benefits and risks of ERT? |
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Definition
ERT reduces the risk of hip fracture and colon cancer.
However, it increases the risk of heart attack, stroke, blood clot, and breast cancer. |
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Term
| When is the risk for breast cancer highest? |
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Definition
| The risk increases with age, especially after menopause |
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Term
| Why don't women under 25 take mammograms to check for breast cancer? |
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Definition
| Because in that age range, the risk of getting breast cancer from the mammogram outweighs the risk of developing breast cancer naturally |
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Term
| What is recommended for checking for cervical cancer? |
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Definition
| A pelvic exam or a pap smear |
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Term
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Definition
| The removal of the uterus |
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Term
| Is there a male menopause? |
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Definition
| Not really. There's a reduction in sperm and sperm quality with age, but men are able to reproduce at any point in life |
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Term
| How does age affect a man's sexuality? |
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Definition
| Andropause (decline in androgen) and a decline in testosterone, often resulting in depression, anxiety, fatigue, and loss of interest in sex. Many men seek Testosterone Replacement Therapy to fix this |
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Term
| When is the risk for testicular cancer highest? Prostate cancer? |
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Definition
| From ages 20-35. Then it actually decreases with age. The risk for prostate cancer increases with age |
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Term
| Why is male circumcision practiced? |
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Definition
| It is a tradition in the Abrahamic religions (although Paul stated that it is unnecessary for Christians). It was also practiced in the 18th and 19th centuries to prevent masturbation. Others believe there are health benefits |
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Term
| According to the American Association of Pediatrics, what are the benefits of male circumcision? |
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Definition
| A reduced risk of STDs (especially HIV) and increased cleanliness/hygiene |
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Term
| What is the American Association of Pediatrics' stance on male circumcision? |
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Definition
(1) The benefits outweigh the risks
(2) This is an elective surgery - not everyone has to do it
(3) The parents have the right to make this decision
(4) By all means, use something to dull the pain |
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Term
| What are the risks of male circumcision? |
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Definition
| A minor risk of infection and bleeding, and loss of sensitivity (since the male loses nerve endings this way) |
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Term
| What is the average penis size? |
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Definition
| 5 inches erect, from a range of 3 to 7 inches |
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Term
| How many men are satisfied with their penis size? How many heterosexual women are satisfied with their partner's penis size? |
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Definition
| 55% of men are satisfied, 45% are not. 75%-85% of women say they are satisfied with their partner's penis size. They add that penis size has pretty much no effect on sexual pleasure. |
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Term
| What is Masters and Johnson's model for the human sexual response? |
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Definition
(1) Excitement
(2) Plateau
(3) Orgasm/Climax
(4) Resolution |
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Term
| According to Masters & Johnson's model, what are the indications of sexual excitement in women? In men? |
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Definition
For women, vaginal lubrication, the swelling of the clitoris, heart rate increases, and for some women, the nipples become erect
For men, the penis becomes erect, the testicles elevate slightly, and the heart rate increases |
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Term
| According to Masters & Johnson's model, what are the indicators of orgasm? |
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Definition
| "Sex flush," a bodily blush (especially in the chest and neck), heart rate/respiration reaches its peak, a loss of muscular control (often including some muscle spasms), and male ejaculation. There is virtually no physiological difference between male and female orgasm. |
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Term
| What are the criticisms of Masters & Johnson's model of human sexual response? |
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Definition
For one thing, many of the research participants were sex workers and prostitutes, so the results of the research may not reflect the average sexual experience.
Many critics also doubt that the average sexual experience can be accurately recreated in a lab setting, with people hooked up to electrodes, measuring equipment, and such while having sex.
The model reflects a male cultural bias.
The model does not include an emphasis on sexual desire |
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Term
| What are some differences between the male and female sexual response? |
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Definition
Men are more likely to orgasm through sexual intercourse than women.
The resolution stage (i.e. recovery time) is longer for men than for women.
Women can experience orgasms that build or become multiple. |
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Term
| What is Helen Singer Kaplan's model of sexual response? |
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Definition
(1) Sexual desire
Motivation for sex, appetite for sexual pleasure
(2) Vasocongestion
Increased blood flow (including engorgement of clitoris/penis)
(3) Orgasmic release |
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Term
| What are some reasons men and (especially) women are experiencing low sexual desire? |
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Definition
Personal insecurities about not feeling attractive enough
Unrealistic expectations about sex
Mismatch of desire levels between partners
Environmental factors (stuff going on in the person's life)
Porn, rewiring sexual stimulus
Trauma
Anxiety, depression, stress, anger
Issues with the relationship |
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Term
| What do you do when you have a couple and their sexual desires don't match up? |
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Definition
Communication and mutual understanding is key. Ask how to make the other person feel more desirable.
By the way, finding a partner with equal sex drive is a pipe dream. |
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Term
| What percentage of 20-29 y/o men have masturbated? Women? |
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Definition
| 92-94% of men have masturbated. 77-85% of women have masturbated. |
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Term
| List different sexual behaviors between partners and what percentage of couples practice them. |
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Definition
80% of couples engage in vaginal intercourse
74% of them practice fellatio (female to male oral sex)
55% of them practice cunnilingus (male to female oral sex)
20% of them practice anal sex
Probably about everyone kisses and touches |
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Term
| What percentage of women experience orgasm from vaginal intercourse? |
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Definition
| 50-70% do. 10% say they never got an orgasm from VI. 10% say they always get orgasm from VI. |
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Term
| What percentage of women in committed relationships are sexually satisfied, compared to women in casual sexual relationships? |
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Definition
| 70% of women in committed relationships are sexually satisfied, while 49% of women in casual relationships are satisfied. This has a lot to do with mutual trust and knowledge between partners. |
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Term
| What did the medical community do in the 18th and 19th centuries to make masturbation so taboo in modern society? |
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Definition
They taught that masturbation was dangerous, being the cause of insanity, blindness, poor health, and death.
So they circumcised young teenage boys without anesthetic and applied carbolic acid to girls' clitorises to stop masturbating |
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Term
| What has been the traditional (early 20th century) Christian view of sex? |
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Definition
| That male/female vaginal intercourse for the sole purpose of procreation is the only right context for sex. |
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Term
| What story have Christians used to vilify masturbation? |
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Definition
| The story of Onan and Tamar, in which Onan is smitten for practicing coitus interruptus (pulling out of Tamar before ejaculating). This was put forth as "the sin of Onan." However, the reason for being smitten was not masturbation, but because he selfishly refused to fulfill Levirate law, to provide children for his widowed sister-in-law. |
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Term
| What is the average frequency of sex for married couples? |
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Definition
| Five times a month - but many couples have sex once a month, while others have sex every day. It also varies throughout the marriage cycle, based on numerous factors such as age, years married, children, and stress. |
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Term
| What are the top 3 birth control methods in the US? |
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Definition
(1) Birth control pill/contraceptive
(2) Female sterilization (cut/cauterize the fallopian tubes)
(3) Condom |
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Term
| What are the benefits and risks of birth control pills/contraceptives? |
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Definition
Benefits include increased bone mass, reduces the risk of certain cysts, and for some women, periods become lighter and more regular.
There is a risk of heart disease (risk increases with age and with smokers) and a risk of stroke. |
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Term
| Are Intra-Uterine Devices a healthy contraception method? |
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Definition
In the 60s, they often caused blood poisoning and severe infections. The company that made them knew about this and tried to keep it hidden, but they were soon found out and sued out of business.
Now, IUDs are much healthier. |
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Term
| When talking about STDs, what is prevalence? |
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Definition
| How many people have a certain STD today |
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Term
| When talking about STDs, what is incidence? |
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Definition
| How many new cases of STDs there are |
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Term
| What are some examples of nonviral STDs? |
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Definition
| Gonorrhea, syphilis, chlamydia, and trichomoniasis |
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Term
| What does the STD situation in the US look like right now? |
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Definition
| There are a total of 110 million STD cases in the US right now (prevalence), with 20 million new cases and 10 million cases between ages 15-24. We are in the middle of an STD epidemic right now |
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Term
| What are the Tuskegee Studies? |
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Definition
| A controversial federal government study conducted from the 1930s to the 70s, tracking the predominantly black citizens of Tuskegee, Alabama who had syphilis, without ever informing them of the disease or offering them help. They just observed what happened to them as they died. |
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Term
| What are some examples of viral STDs? |
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Definition
| Genital herpes, human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis A/B, and HIV (incidentally, HIV is much lower now than it used to be) |
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Term
| There is an STD that often lies dormant for years without being found until it is too late. What is this? |
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Definition
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Term
| How often should you get tested for STDs if you are sexually active? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some factors that contribute to poor body image in females? |
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Definition
Pornography offers unrealistic standards of beauty. It implies that women need to have a certain body type in order to have great sex or be sexually appealing to men.
Media also tends to portray most women as having a certain look or body type (a very rare and unrealistic one) that is implied to be the ultimate standard of beauty. |
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Term
| What behaviors will increase the risk of contracting an STD? What behaviors will decrease the risk? |
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Definition
Multiple sexual partners and unprotected sex will increase the risk.
Using condoms, getting medical screenings, or abstaining from sex altogether (lol) will lower the risk of contracting an STD |
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Term
| Be prepared to suggest how much of sex ed should come from the home, from school, and from religious institutions. Be prepared to explain your reasoning. |
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Definition
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