Term
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Definition
| Visual and written materials that are used for purposes of sexual arousal |
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Term
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Definition
The legal definition established by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1973. Must meet all three of the following conditions:
◦ The average person, applying contemporary, community standards, would find that the work, taken as a whole, appeals to prurient interest.
◦ The work depicts or describes in a patently offensive way, sexual conduct as defined by applicable state or federal law.
◦ The work, taken as a whole, lacks serious literary, artistic, political or scientific value. |
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Definition
| Sexually explicit materials (SEM) are legal in the U.S., but obscene materials are not legal |
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Definition
| a personal or societal judgment that something is offensive |
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| Sexually oriented materials that can be evaluated positively. It depicts sexuality which displays mutuality, respect, affection and a balance of power. |
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| Examples of Erotic Representations in History |
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Definition
Early cave drawings contain naked or scantily clad people
Great ancient civilizations have drawings of erotic images
With varying degrees of tolerance, most cultures have created erotic representations
-POMPEII |
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Term
| What are some benefits of SEM |
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Definition
◦ If information is factual, it can enlighten the ignorant
◦ Can foster less inhibited attitudes
◦ Provides variety and adds spice to the life of some people.
◦ Provides sexual stimulation and pleasure without potential exposure to STI |
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| Influence depends on the moral context |
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Definition
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Definition
Predominantly white, middle-class, middle-aged married males, dressed in business suits or casual attire, shopping or attending a movie alone.
The average patron of adult bookstores and movie houses may have had fewer sexually related experiences in adolescence than the average male.
Buyers of SEM are not substantially different than non-consumers |
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| The internet offers three advantages to Child pornographers; what are they? |
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Definition
◦ Rapid transfer of images/files
◦ Relatively high security
◦ Almost complete anonymity which decreases risk of arrest for the pornographer |
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| Name three facts about Child Pornography |
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Definition
The use of minors in sexually explicit media is prohibited
Child pornography is big business
Many law enforcement agencies have made the sexual exploitation of children a priority for arrest and prosecution |
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Definition
In 1998 Wonderland and its internet operation called Wondernet were shut down and its operators arrested.
This was the largest child pornography ring discovered to that point.
Used contemporary technology to elude capture. |
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| The club took three key actions to lower the risk of exposure, what were they? |
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Definition
Limit membership (elite club)
The use of sophisticated technology
Maintained strict anonymity |
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Term
| Child Online Protection Act |
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Definition
In 1998, congress passed the Child Online Protection Act, which forced web sites to require a credit card number or some other form of adult ID
It is a crime to knowingly communicate to a minor “for commercial purposes” any online material that is harmful to minors
Penalties include fines up to $50,000 per day for each violation and up to 6 months in prison
This law does not include e-mail or newsgroups
Does not affect non-commerical sites or operations based outside the U.S
In 1999, an injunction was extended against this law that it violates free speech
In June, 2003, the U.S. Supreme Court upheld a federal law requiring public libraries to install pornography filters on all computers with internet access |
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Definition
| Promote violence, immoral |
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Term
| What makes a relationship suffer? |
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Definition
| Men treating women as sexual objects |
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| What is the goal in a healthy society? |
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Definition
| The goal in a healthy society is to depict men and women sharing equally in sexual and love relationships which teaches both sexes that sexual fulfillment is a mutual responsibility |
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Definition
Most sexual representations throughout history had a specific purpose
Pornography portrays sexuality for its own sake; some create it, others try to stop it |
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Term
| Porn in the mid 18th century |
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Definition
| it began to be seen as a separate sphere of life; influence accelerated by the printing press |
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Term
| Explicit or subtle sexuality has been increasing in the mass media within the last ___ years |
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Definition
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Definition
| Societal forces, usually the clergy, censored nudity in public art |
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Definition
| many began to censor sexual art & literature, which seems to have started the pornographic subculture that exists today |
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Term
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Definition
is the single greatest influence on the modern American outlook toward life
TV sanitizes and edits the world it displays
In sexual situations, real life issues such as contraception, STIs, morality, sexual dysfunctions and regret are rarely discussed
Many new programs are graphically explicit in their treatment of sex
Even networks news reports, motivated by a need for ratings, deliver graphic descriptions of sexual events |
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Term
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Definition
70% of shows contain some sexual content
Shows average 5 sexual episodes per hour
During primetime, 77% of shows contain sexual content and average 6 sexual episodes per hour
11% of primetime network shows refer to sexual risks & responsibilities
The Clinton-Lewinsky scandal in 1998 set a precedent, allowing networks to use language and sexual references for the first time |
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Term
| Which minorities have become more represented in tv |
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Definition
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Term
| show that depicts a stay at home dad |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
◦ They target women and portray them as competent
◦ Bones, CSI, and Law & Order portray women as forceful, working outside the home, and dealing with the real-life problems of balancing social life, personal issues, and work |
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Definition
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Term
| Now that oral-genital activity is relatively acceptable, it is included in product advertising |
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Definition
◦ Cigarettes are phallic symbols
◦ Cigarette ads used words like “longer,” “firmer,” “more satisfying,” “better tasting,” |
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Term
| What product led the way to sell sexually |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| U.S. ads tame compared to European ads that use full, frontal nudity |
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Term
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Definition
| If ad is too sexy, people can’t remember the ad contents |
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Term
| children see how many advertisements per year |
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Definition
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Term
| Advertising has 3 purposes |
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Definition
◦ Gain your attention
◦ Get you physiologically excited
◦ Get you to associate your excitement with the product |
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Term
| sexuality been used to sell since... |
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Definition
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Term
| average age of prostitution starting |
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Definition
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Term
| what percent of prostitutes are under 25 |
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Definition
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| male prostitutes who serve men; may be heterosexual otherwise |
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Definition
50% of male prostitutes are homosexual
25% are heterosexual
25% are bisexual
Gigolos – male prostitutes who serve wealthier women for both social and sexual needs
Majority between 16 and 29-years old and White
Predisposing Factors for Engaging in Male Sex Work |
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Definition
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Definition
Freud believed their motivation came from a need to be with an inferior or “bad” woman
Jung thought it tied to an unconscious archetype, such as the “Great Mother,” which includes feelings of hatred and sexuality connected to mothers |
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Term
| Society and view of typical sexual expression is |
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Definition
| low tolerant for sexual diversity, it is considered deviant or perverted |
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| what defines what is normal in society |
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Definition
| value judgments, not science |
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Term
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Definition
| sexual behaviors that involve a craving for an erotic object that is unusual or different |
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Term
| paraphilias are more common in men or women? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are related factors when it comes to paraphilia? |
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Definition
| dysfunctional family, poor social skills, distorted views of intimacy |
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Term
| Biological theory of paraphilias |
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Definition
neurological endocrinological or genetic disturbance
temporal lobe epilepsy and brain tumors, lesions |
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Term
| psychoanalytic theory of paraphilia |
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Definition
| Freud and his colleagues suggested that some paraphilias may be attributed to possible distortion of the courtship phases. |
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Term
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Definition
• May be attributed to a child witnessing episodes of his or her parents engaged in sexual intercourse.
• Individuals with maladaptive social and sexual skills find voyeurism as an outlet for sexual pleasure void of the threat of sexual interaction.
• The risk or danger of discovery may likely give the voyeur a false sense of masculinity, this behavior tends to be similar for the exhibitionist as well. |
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Term
| other factors of paraphilias |
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Definition
related to oedipal crisis and castration anxiety
boys must separate from their mothers that's why most paras are male |
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Term
| developmental theories (love maps- john money's theory) |
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Definition
childhood trauma or punishment may disrupt the love map in three ways:
hypophilia- genitals impaired from full functioning
hyperphilia- overly sexually active
paraphilia develops- new elements are placed into the lovemap and erotic energy is directed toward other object.
once a lovemap is set it is very stable |
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Term
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Definition
sexual pleasure is through conditioning
they become positively reinforced and are continued in order to experience more sexual pleasure |
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Term
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Definition
reinforced by the way society encourages certain sexual behaviors
media! |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| inanimate object or body part that becomes the main focus (shoes, feet, bras, fabric) |
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Term
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Definition
| Recurrent and intense sexual arousal from the cross-dressing, typically causing distress or impairment in functioning |
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Term
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Definition
a recurrent and intense sexual arousal from the physical or psychological suffering of another person
a recurrent and intense sexual arousal from the act of being humiliated, beaten, bound or suffering |
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Term
| Exhibitionism and Voyeurism |
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Definition
E- recurrent and intense arousal from exposing one’s genitals to an unsuspecting stranger; non-consensual “flasher”
V-– sexual gratification from watching unsuspecting persons undressing, naked or engaging in sexual activity; “peeping toms” |
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Term
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Definition
| sex sessions involving multiple partners |
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Term
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Definition
| prepubescent or pubescent children |
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Term
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Definition
| rubbing genitals against a non-consenting individual |
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Term
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Definition
| involves sexual contact with dead bodies |
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Term
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Definition
| used to suppress strong desires- by unpleasant stimulus, effectiveness decreases over time |
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Term
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Definition
Works on the premise that people are sexually deviant because of a sense of inadequacy and lack of interpersonal skills that trigger anxiety and cause deviant behavior.
Person taught to relax while progressing through more anxiety-provoking/arousing situations |
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Term
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Definition
– reprogram fantasies with masturbation
When close to orgasm while masturbating, switches to an acceptable fantasy |
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Term
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Definition
| masturbate to orgasm while fantasizing on appropriate sexual situations |
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Term
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Definition
| testosterone-suppressing drugs, anti depressants |
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Term
| what enhances sexuality throughout life |
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Definition
| Good nutrition, physical fitness, adequate rest and sleep, reduced alcohol intake, and positive self-esteem can enhance sexuality throughout life |
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Term
| what are two complaints of elderly men |
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Definition
decrease in sexual desire
ability to perform |
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Term
| as we age _____________decreases and _________increases |
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Definition
| intercourse, masturbation |
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Term
| examples of physical problems can interfere with functioning |
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Definition
| arthritis, diabetes, osteoporosis |
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Term
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Definition
| decrease partners, know their background, protected sex, limit alcohol. |
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Term
| What psych factors can interfere with sexual functioning? |
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Definition
| unconcious fear, stress, anxiety, depression, guilt, anger, fear of intimacy, dependancy, abandonement and concern over loss of control, performance fears |
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Term
| physiological challenges to sexual functioning |
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Definition
| disease, disability, illness, drugs, age, weight |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| secondary sexual problems |
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Definition
| one that develops after a period of adequate functioning |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs during certain sexual activities or with certain partners |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs in every situation |
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Term
| steps of treating sexual problems |
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Definition
| medical history and workup are first to determine phys causes, evaluations of past abuse or trauma, plan for treatment after discovered causes, multimodal(more than one type of therapy) |
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Term
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Definition
a deficiency or absence of sexual fantasies and desire for sexual activity
considered a disorder if it causes distress or problems
must be determined if it is not the result of another psych disorder |
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Term
| sexual interest/arousal disorder |
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Definition
| for women, no initiation of sexual activity, no sensation |
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Term
| what are risk factors for HSDD |
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Definition
hormones: pre, post-menopause, testosterone
being in an active relationship: 9/10 seek help in regard to their parterns desire
emotional or mental issues: communication, performance issues, body image, depression
medications |
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Term
| treating desire disorders and sexual interest disorders |
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Definition
cognitive-behavorial therapy
eros clitoral therapy device
herbal products
testosterone treatment
hormone therapy
adding or changing medication |
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Term
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Definition
inability to obtain or maintain an erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual behavior
70% of cases have a physical basis
more common in older men, 60 plus
psych factors: fear, performance (20-35 yrs)
nocturnal penile tumescence test- diagnostic test examine erections that naturally occure during REM sleep to determine if cause is physical (no erection) or psych ( erection) |
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Term
| erectile disorder treatment |
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Definition
more treatment options than any sexual dysfunction successful 50-80% of time
viagra, cialis, levitra
intracavernous injections- self injected into the corposa vacernosa, while the penis is stretched and causes the vessels to relax- minor pain and priapism |
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Term
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Definition
| penis does not return to flaccid state |
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Term
| persistent sexual arousal syndrome/ restless genital syndrome |
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Definition
excessive arousal that can last for hours or days despite a lack of desier
first documented by Dr. Sandra Leilblum in 2001
increasingly reported by men |
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Term
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Definition
- frigidy
-delay or absences of orgasm
-25% of women, a common complaint
those with this disorder tend to have more negative attitudes about mast. feel more guilt about sex and believe more sexual myths and have difficulty telling their partner their needs
treatments, self-exploration, education, tools
systematic desensitation and bibliotherapy help when there is a high amount of anxiety |
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Term
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Definition
| delay or absence of orgasm following normal sexual excitement phase, 8% of men, psychotropic meds may be a cause, treatment... |
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Term
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Definition
a man reaching orgasm just prior to or immediately after penetration, not viewed as a problem in cultures where only male pleasure is important
depression, drugs, personality disorders |
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Term
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Definition
delayed or absent in all or most sexual encounters for at least 6 months
psyc-drugs, nerve damage, spinal cord injuries
phys- stress, lack of attraction, religoin, past traumatic events |
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Term
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Definition
| ejactulation emptys into the bladder, not harmful but painful |
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Term
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Definition
| most popular are birth control pills and female sterilzation |
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Term
| what are factors increasing motivation to use contraceptino |
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Definition
| good communication, cost of method, effectiveness, frequency of intercourse, motivation to avoid preg, side effects, oppenness |
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Term
| contraception in the us back then |
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Definition
| concern in 1800s was to curb poverty by controlling fertility, 1873 comstock laws prohibited dispersing info about contraceptives |
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Term
| contraception outside the US |
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Definition
| social issues (family size), economic issues, knowledge and misinformation, religion, gender roles and power |
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Term
| contraception in the US today |
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Definition
the us food and FDA must formally approve the method
10-14 yr process to develop new drug |
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Term
| what are the phases of contraceptive drugs |
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Definition
1: 20-80 volunteers to test effectiveness
2: several hundred to test effectiveness, side effects, risks
3: hundreds to thousands to test for generalization
4:animal trials |
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Term
| prefered methods of birth control |
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Definition
white- pills
black and Hispanic- sterilization |
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Term
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Definition
condoms
caps
sponges
prevent sperm from entering the uterus |
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