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Definition
| The state of being male or female |
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Definition
| Behavior that produces arousal and increases the chance of orgasm |
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Definition
| In communications theory, the view that exposure to the mass media makes people think that what they see there represents the mainstream of what really occur. |
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Definition
| In communications theory, the idea that the media define what is important and not by which stories they cover |
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Definition
| In communications theory, the idea that the media provide role models whom we imitate. |
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Definition
| Traditional ideas and values passed down from generation to generation within a group and transmitted to members of the group by symbols (i.e. languages) |
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Definition
| the tendency to regard one's own ethnic group and culture as superior to others and to believe that its customs and way of life are the standards by which other cultures should be judged. |
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Definition
| A regulation prohibiting sexual interaction between blood relatives, such as brother and sister or father and daughter |
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Definition
| Self-stimulation of the genitals to produce sexual arousal |
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Definition
| Among Latinos, a strong cultural valuing of one's nuclear and extended family |
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Definition
| A state of physical, emotional, mental and social well-being in relation to sexuality |
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Definition
| Basic, inalienable rights regarding sexuality, both positive and negative such as the right to reproductive self-determination and sexual self-expression and freedom from sexual abuse and violence |
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Definition
| the application of evolutionary biology to understanding the social beavhior of animals and humans |
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Definition
| the theory that all living things have acquired their present forms through gradual changes in their genetic endowment over successive generations |
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Definition
| A process in nature resulting in greater rates of survival of plants and animals that are adapted to their environment |
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Definition
| A specific type of selecetion that creates differences between males and females |
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Definition
| The study of psychological mechanisms that have been shaped by natural selection |
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Definition
| A psychological theory originated by Sigmund Freud: it contains the basic assumption that part of human personality is unconcious |
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Definition
| In psychoanalytic theory, the term for the sex energy or sex drive |
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Definition
| Freud--the part of personality that helps a person have realistic, rational interactions |
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Definition
Freud- the part of personality containing the libido
"Do what feels good" without any rationalizations |
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Definition
Freud- the part of personality containing the conscience
Idealistic |
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Definition
| Areas of the body that are particulary sensitive to sexial stimulation |
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Definition
| Freud- the sexual attraction of a boy forhis mother |
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Definition
| The sexual attraction of a little girl for her father |
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Definition
| The learning process in which a previously neutral stimulus (condtitioned stim.) is repeatedly paired with and unconditioned stimulus that reflexively illicits an unconditioned response. Eventually the conditioned stim itself will invoke the response |
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Definition
| The process of changing the frequency of the behavior (the operant) by following it with positive reinforcement |
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Definition
| A set of operant conditioning techniques used to modify human behavior |
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Definition
| Theprocess of repeatedly pairing a behavior with an adverse stimulus, leading to a decline in the frequency of the behavior |
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Definition
| A sense of competence at performing an activity |
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Definition
| A theory, based on the principle of reinforcement, that assumes that people will choose actions that will maximize rewards and minimize costs |
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Definition
| A general knowledge framework taht a person has about a particular topic |
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Term
| Medicalization of Sexuality |
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Definition
| The process by which certain sexual behaviors or conditions are defined in terms of health and illness, and problematic experiences or practices are given medical treatment |
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Term
| Symbiotic Interaction Theory |
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Definition
| A theory based on the premise that human nature and the social order are products of communication among people |
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Definition
| The collective term for the external genitals of a female |
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Definition
| A highly sensitive sexual organ in the female, the glans is in the front of the vaginal entrance, and the rest of the clitoris extends deeper into the body |
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Definition
| The fatty pad of tissue under the pubic hair |
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Term
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Definition
| rounded parts of fatty tissue lying on either side of the vaginal entrance |
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Definition
| Thin fold of skin lying on either side of the vaginal entrance |
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Definition
| Two tiny glands located on either side of the vaginal entrance |
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Definition
| The skin between the vaginal entrance and the anus. |
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Definition
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Definition
| the tube through which urine passes from the bladder out of the body |
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Definition
| A thin membrane that may partially cover the vaginal entrance |
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Definition
| the tube shaped organ in the female into which the penis is inserted during coitus and through which a baby passes during birth |
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Definition
| A muscle around the vaginal entrance |
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Definition
| Erectile tissue running under the inner lips |
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Definition
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Definition
| The organ in the female in which the fetus develops |
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Definition
| The tubes extending from the uterus to the ovary, also called the ovaducts |
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Term
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Definition
| Two organs in the females that produce eggs and sex hormones |
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Term
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Definition
| The male external sexual organ, which functions both in sexual activity and urination |
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Term
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Definition
| spongy bodies running the length of the top if the penis |
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Term
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Definition
| a spongy body running the length of the underside of the penis |
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Term
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Definition
| a layer of skin covering the glans or tip of the penis in and uncircumcised male, also called the prepuce |
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Term
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Definition
| Surgical removal of the foreskin |
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Term
Supercision
(superincision) |
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Definition
| a form of male genital cutting in which a slit is made the length of the foreskin on top |
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Term
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Definition
| a form of male genital cutting in which a slit is made on the lower side of the penis along its entire length |
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Term
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Definition
| The pouch of skin that contains the testes in a male |
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Term
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Definition
| the pair of glands in the scrotum the manufacture sperm and sex hormones |
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Term
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Definition
| tubes in the testes that manufacture sperm |
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Term
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Definition
| cells in the testes that manufacture testosterone |
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Term
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Definition
| the mature male reproductive cell, capable of fertilizing an egg |
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Term
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Definition
| A highly coiled tube located on the edge of the testes where sperm mature |
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Term
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Definition
| The tube through which sperm pass on their way from the testes and epididymus, out of the scrotum, and the urethra |
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Term
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Definition
| Saclike structures that lie above the prostate and produce about 60% of the seminal fluid |
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Term
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Definition
| the gland in the male, located below the bladder, that secretes some of the fluid in semen |
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Term
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Definition
| Glands that secretes a clear alkaline fluid into the male's urethra |
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Term
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Definition
| A surgical treatment for breast cancer in which the entire breast, including the underlying muslces and lymph nodes, are removed |
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Term
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Definition
| a surgical treatment for breast cance in which only the lump and a small amound of surrounding tissue are removed |
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Term
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Definition
| Surgical removal of the uterus |
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Term
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Definition
| the time from conception to birth |
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Term
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Definition
chemical substances secreted by the endocrine glands into the bloostream |
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Term
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Definition
| A hormone secreted by the testes in a male |
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Term
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Definition
| the group of female sex hormones |
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Term
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Definition
| the group of male sex hormones (including testosterone) |
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Term
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Definition
| a sex hormone secreted by the ovaries |
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Term
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Definition
| a small endocrine gland located on the lower side of the brain below the hypothalamus; the pit is important for regulating sex hormones |
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Term
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Definition
| a small region in the brain that is important in regulating many body functions, including the fuctioning of sex hormones |
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Term
Follicle-Stimulating hormone
(FSH) |
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Definition
| secreted by the PG, stimulates follicle development in females and sperm development in males |
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Term
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Definition
| secreted by the PG, regulates estrogen secretion and ovum development in females and testosterone secretion in males |
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Term
GnRH
(gonadotropin-releasing hormone) |
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Definition
| secreted by the hypothalamus--regulates the pituitary's secretion of gonad stimulating hormone |
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Term
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Definition
| Hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis, the negative feedback loop that regulates sex-hormone production |
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Term
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Definition
| a hormone secretd by the testes and ovaries that regulates FSH levels |
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Term
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Definition
| a PG hormone that stimulates milk production by the mammary glands |
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Term
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Definition
| a PG hormone that stimulates milk ejection from he nipples and contractions of the uterus during childbirth |
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Term
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Definition
| Sex-determining region, Y chromosome |
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Term
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Definition
| ducts found in both males and female fetuses; in males they DEGENERATE and in females they develop in the fallopian tubes, the uterus, and upper part of the vagina |
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Term
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Definition
| ducts found in both male and female fetuses, in FEMALES they DEGENERATE and in males they develop into the epididymus, the vas deferens, and the ejeculatory duct |
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Term
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Definition
| undescended testes; the condition in which the testes do not descend to the scrotum as they should during prenatal development |
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Term
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Definition
| chemicals in the environment that affect the endocrine system and the biological functioning and behavior of animals, including humans |
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Term
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Definition
| organs in the male and female that develop from the same embryonic tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| Organs in the male and female that have similar functions |
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Term
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Definition
| A condition in which the individual has a mixture of male and female reproductive structures, so that it is not clear at birth whether the individual is male or femlale. Formerly called Pseudohermaphodite |
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Term
Disorders of Sex development
(DSD) |
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Definition
| a newer term for intersex conditions |
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Term
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)
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Definition
| A condition in which a genetic female produces abnormal levels of androgens prenatally and therefore has male-appearing genitals at birth |
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Term
Androgen-insensitivity Hormone
(AIS) |
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Definition
| A genetic condition in which the body is unresponsive to androgens so that a genetic male may be born with female-appearing body |
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Term
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Definition
| The time during which there is sudden enlargement and maturation of the gonads, other genitalia, and secondary sex characteristics, so that the individual becomes capable of reproduction |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a hormone related to the onset of puberty |
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Term
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Definition
| Endocrine glands located just above the kidneys; in femals, they are major producers of androgens |
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Term
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Definition
| a time of increased secretion of adrenal androgens, usually just before age 8 |
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Term
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Definition
| The first phase of the menstrual cycle, beginning just after menstruation, during which an egg matures in preparation for ovulation |
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Term
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Definition
| release of an egg from the ovaries; the second phase of the menstrual cycle |
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Term
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Definition
| the third phase of the menstrual cycle, following ovulation |
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Term
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Definition
| the mass of cells of the follicle remaining after ovulation; it secretes progesterone |
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Term
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Definition
| the fourth phase of the menstrual cycle, during which the endometrium of the uterus is sloughed off in the menstrual discharge |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| chemicals secreted by the uterus that cause the uterine muscles to contract; they are likely the cause of painful menstruation |
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Term
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Definition
| a condition in which the endometrium grows abnormally outside the uterus; the symptom is unusually painful periods with excessive bleeding |
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Term
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Definition
| an enzyme secreted by the sperm that alows one sperm to penetrate the egg |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| an organ formed on the walls of the uterus through which the fetus receives oxygen and nutrients and gets rid of waste products |
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Term
| Human Chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) |
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Definition
| a hormone secreted by the placenta; it is the hormone detected in pregnancy tests |
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Term
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Definition
| the tube that connects the fetus to the placenta |
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Term
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Definition
| the watery fluid surrounding a developing fetus on the uterus |
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Term
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Definition
| delivery of a dead fetus, especially after the 28th week of gestation |
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Term
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Definition
| excessive fluid retention and swelling |
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Term
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Definition
| a watery substance that is secreted from the breast at the end of the pregnancy and during the first few days after delivery |
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Term
| Braxton-Hicks contractions |
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Definition
| contractions of the uterus during pregnancy that are not part of the actual labor |
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Term
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Definition
| a substance that produces defects in a fetus |
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Term
| Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) |
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Definition
| serious growth deficiency and malformation in the child of a mother who abuses alcohol during pregnancy |
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Term
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Definition
| a thinning out of the cervix during labor |
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Term
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Definition
| am opening up of the cervix during labor; also called dilatation |
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Term
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Definition
| the beginning of the labor, during which there are regular contractions of the uterus; the stage lasts until the cervix is dilated 8 cm. |
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Term
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Definition
| the difficult part of labor at the end of the first stage when the cervix dilates from 8 to 10 cm. |
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Term
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Definition
| the stage during which the baby moves through the vagina and is delivered |
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Term
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Definition
| an incision made in the skin just behind the vagina, allowing the baby to be delivered more easily |
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Term
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Definition
| the stage during which the afterbirth is expelled |
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Term
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Definition
| a methos of delievering a baby surgically, by an incision in the abdomen |
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Term
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Definition
| a methos of "prepared" childbirth involving relaxation and controlled breathing |
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Term
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Definition
| a woman having her first baby |
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Term
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Definition
| mild to moderate depression in women following the birth of a baby |
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Term
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Definition
| a pregnancy in which the fertilized egg implants somewhere other than th euterus |
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Term
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Definition
| false pregnancy in which the woman displays the signs of pregnancy but is not preganant |
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Term
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Definition
| a serious disease of pregnancy, marked by high blood pressure, severe edema, and proteinuria |
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Term
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Definition
| a test one to determine whether a fetus has birth defects; done by inserting a fine tube into the woman's abdomen in order to obtain a sample of amniotic fluid |
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Term
| chorionic villus sampling (CVS) |
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Definition
| a technique for prenatal diagnosis of birth defects, involving taking a sample of cells from the chorionic villus and analyzing them |
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Term
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Definition
| the termination of a pregnancy before the fetus is viable, as a result of natural causes (not medical intervention) |
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Term
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Definition
| a woman's inability to conceive and give birth to a living child, or a man's inability to impregnante a woman |
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Term
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Definition
| procedure in which sperm are placed intot he vagina by means other than intercourse |
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Term
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Definition
| a procedure in which and embryo is transferred from the uterus of one woman to the uterus of another |
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Term
| in vitro fertilization (IVF) |
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Definition
| a procedure in which a sperm fertilizes an egg in a lab dish |
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Term
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Definition
| gamete intrafallopian transfer,a procedure in which sperm and eggs are collected and then inserted together into the fallopian tube |
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