Term
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Term
| urogenital tubercle, slit |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
sexually dimorphic nucleus of the hypothalamus
SDN |
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Term
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Definition
Y chromosome
rare if on the X
medulla of ovotestis develops into testis |
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Term
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Definition
cortex of ovotestis develops into ovary
autosomes alone complete development of ovary |
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Term
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Definition
internal ducts differentiate
male= MIS, androgens (testosterone, DHT)
females= FNBP, no hormones, wolffian tubes dissapear, mullerian tubes develop |
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Term
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Definition
Mullerian inhibiting substance
suppresses development of Mullerian structures
seen in makes during week 8-10 PF |
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Term
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Definition
fetonatal binding protein
prevents hormones from altering dimorphic tissue |
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Definition
| in absence of MIS develop into uterus, oviducts, upper vagina under direction of autosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| genitalia and glands differentiate |
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Term
DHT
MALE external development |
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Definition
dihydrotestosterone is secreted from testes
forms penis and scrotal sac
DHT differentiates paraurethral glands into prostate and Cowper's gland |
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Term
| Female external development |
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Definition
absence of hormones and direction of autosomes
vaginal introitus, clitoris, labia result
paraurethral glands develop into Skene's and Bartholin's gland |
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Term
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Definition
estradiol (formed from testosterone) suppresses the potential for cyclic hormone production by altering the hypothalamic SDN
potential for menstrual cycle is lost |
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Term
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Definition
the brain is protected from estrogens by FNBP
the potential for cycling hormone production remains
potential for menstrual cycle is retained |
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Term
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Definition
growth of external genitalia (enlargement of testes, penis, clitoris, labia)
Wolffian duct development(growth of vas deferens, epididymis, seminal vesicles, prostate, semen)
underarm, pubic hair
oily skin
skeletal and muscle growth
enlargement of larynx
libido increase
sperm production
ejaculation
strong erection |
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Term
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Definition
development of breasts and buttocks
mullerian duct development (uterus, vagina, oviducts)
stimulation of vaginal secretions
increased skin softness and elasticity
subcutaneous fat development
calcification of bone
inhibition of long bone growth
stimulation of pubic bone growth
metabolism
mood stabilization
ova development |
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Term
| how androgens and estrogens effect |
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Definition
they effect by interacting with the genetic code for each trait
the presence of the hormone modulates gene potential |
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Term
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Definition
| both males and females may experience the effects of estrogens and androgens |
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Term
Adrenogenital Syndrome (AGS)
Progestin Syndrome |
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Definition
female genotype; male phenotype
excess steroid usually occurring after week 10 PF
either fetal adrenal gland malfunctions; overproduction of masculinizing hormones or
exogenous progestins- mother took masculinizing hormones during pregnancy
XX, ovaries
internal- female
external- male
cyclic hormone production
female puberty, ovulation will occur, pregnancy possible
usually grow up as females
but high case of tom-boys and lesbians |
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Term
Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome
(AIS) |
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Definition
male genotype; female phenotype
genetic inability to respond to androgens
XY, testes
no internal structures
female external structures
no cycle
at puberty no reproducive functions, but looks like female
feminine females |
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Term
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Definition
male genotype; female phenotype
failure to secrete DHT during fetal development
XY, testes
male internal structures
female external structures
no cycle
during puberty- sperm, testes enlarge, clitoris enlarges into a penis, ejaculation occurs
androgenic masculanization
female growing up, male after puberty
Dominican Republic, Papua New Guinea, Turkey, Brazil- mostly masculine
U.S.- mostly feminine |
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Term
| biologically congruent male |
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Definition
| all biologic traits are congruent with male genetic sex |
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Term
| biologically congruent female |
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Definition
| all biologic traits are congruent with female genetic sex |
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Term
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Definition
female genotype, male phenotype (xx,penis)
male genotype, female phenotype (xy,clitoris) |
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Definition
| subjective sense of one's own masculinity, femininity, androgyny |
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| sum of all behaviors a person engages in to indicate to others one's identity as male, female, intersex |
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| two mutually exclusive categories; masculine, feminine |
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Definition
| masculinity and femininity are found at the opposite poles of a continuum with androgyny as midpoint |
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Term
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Definition
| two continua produce 4 quadrants: androgyny, masculinity, femininity, undifferentiated |
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Term
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Definition
| gender bender, gender blender, gender outlaw, gender-free |
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Term
| biological theory of gender |
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Definition
| genes, hormones imprint the brain creating the predisposition for certain behaviors |
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Term
| social-learning theory of gender |
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Definition
| differential reinforcement and punishment of behavior |
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Term
| cognitive theory of gender |
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Definition
| child forms concepts of masculinity and femininity that motivate imitation of behavior |
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Term
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Definition
biologic sex is ego-syntonic
sex type male
sex type female |
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Term
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Definition
| biologic male with male core gender identity who expresses stereotypical masculine gendered behavioral traits exclusively |
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Term
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Definition
| biologic female with female core gender identity who expresses stereotypical feminine gendered behavioral traits exclusively |
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Term
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Definition
biologic sex is ego-syntonic
androgynous male
androgynous female |
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Term
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Definition
| biologic male with male core identity who expresses both male and female gendered behavioral traits |
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Term
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Definition
| biologic female with female core gender identity who expresses both male and female gendered behavioral triats |
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Term
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Definition
transgendered
biologic sex is ego-dystonic
MTF
FTM
most are satisfied with outcome
none regret surgery if they get one
prental hormones in hypothalamus may be responsible |
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Term
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Definition
| biologic male who develops female core gender identity and expresses female gender traits (with or without genital surgery) |
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Term
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Definition
| biologic female who develops male core gender identity and expresses male gender traits (with or without genital surgery) |
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Term
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Definition
biologic sex is ego-syntonic
autogynephile
autoandrophile |
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Term
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Definition
biologic male with male core gender identity who gains satisfaction from perceiving self and being perceived by others as female under some circumstances but has a male social role at other times
female when "dressed"
89% heteosexual, 64% marries, 28% had gay sex
74% report expressing different aspect of personality while dressed
54% began prior to age 10
most have normal families |
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Term
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Definition
biologic female with female core gender identity who gains satisfaction from perceiving self and being perceived by others as male under some circumstances but has a female social role at other times
male when "dressed" |
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Term
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Definition
biologic sex is ego-syntonic
gynemimic
andromimic |
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Term
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Definition
biologic male, with male core gender identity who mimics female traits
gay males
drag queen |
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Term
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Definition
| biologic female with female core gender identity who mimics masculine traits |
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Term
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Definition
gender is an EMERGENT property of humans
not a biologic phenomenon
fluid, changes over time
multiple genders |
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Term
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Definition
3rd and 4th genders
American Indian Two-Spirit
Kathoey of Thailand
Mahu of Tahiti
Sambia of Papua, New Guinea |
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Term
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Definition
perceived as mix of male and female
Muxe, Isthmus Zapotic of Mexico |
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Definition
biologic males who assume feminine gender role
Acualt of Myanmar
Hijras of India |
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Term
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Definition
vector model- culturally defined beliefs, idealized expectations about masculinity and femininity
cross cultural studies
masculine traits are pragmatic, instrumental
feminine traits are expressive, interpersonal |
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Term
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Definition
assumption that a person will exhibit certain negative traits that will disqualify them for some societal consideration
prejudical |
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Term
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Definition
possessing traits that are deemed masculine as well as feminine
33% of college, high school students exhibit androgyny
flexibility, adaptability, ego development, less aggression
more tolerance in females than males |
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Definition
| no overall differences in cognitive capacities |
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Term
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Definition
verbal- vocabulary
visual spatial- landmarks
emotional intelligence
perceptual motor- fine motor skills |
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| males superior to females |
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Definition
verbal- reasoning
visual spatial- mental object rotation
emotional- none
perceptual motor- guiding, tracking |
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Term
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Definition
| spurs growth in right hemispheres, slows growth in left hemisphere, increases lateralization of the brain |
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Term
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Definition
| more bilateral representation of function, more connections between right and left hemispheres |
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Term
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Definition
females more likely to under report perceived negative gender behaviors (sex partners)
males are more likely to over report posivitive gender behaviors (sex partners) |
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Term
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Definition
female sexuality is more influenced by cultural factors
more diversity in female sexuality across cultures |
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Term
| gender difference in sex drives |
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Definition
males have higher sex drive
more sexual thoughts
more sexual arousal
more masterbation
more sexual fantasy |
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Definition
| men are more aware of it than women |
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