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Human Sexuality
Test 2 lecure 2
71
Psychology
Undergraduate 2
02/16/2010

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Cards

Term
condoms
Definition
animal tissues- Egypt
intestine sheath
rubber condoms
latex condoms
polyurethane condoms
Term
cervical barriers
Definition
honey- Egypt
acacia- Egypt
rubber
latex
female condom (polyurethene)
Term
spermicides
Definition
acacia
lactic acid
spericides
spermicidal sponge, film
spermicidal condoms
Term
IUD
Definition
intrauterine devices
2000B.C- Egypt, precious stones
silk
copper rings
lippes loop (plastic)
copper-T, copper-7
progestasert (progesterone)
Term
surgical contraception
Definition
sterilization
castration (removal of testes)
vasectomy
tubal ligation
Term
hormone contraceptives
Definition
600B.C. pill high in estrogen
pill use progesterone
patch
ring
implant
plan b
seasonale
Term
fertility awareness
Definition
calender method
temperature method
cervical mucus method
hormonal ovulation detection kit
Term
European witch trials 1200-1600
Definition
midwives, healers
knowledge of contraceptive plants
knowledge of abortafacients
accused of consorting with the devil
Term
legislation of Supreme Court
Definition
1670- Salem witch trials
1873- Comstock Laws prohibited dispensing contraceptive devices
1914-Margaret Sanger, lobbies for birth control
1918- laws passed allows doctors to prescribe contraception
1930's- states begin repealing comstock laws
1965- SUPREME COURT allows rights to privacy for married
1972- SUPREME COURT allows privacy for all
1991- right to use contraceptive is questioned
2005- some states allow pharmacists not to prescribe contraception
Term
reproductive patterns in U.S.
Definition
family size- 1.8 children
risk of pregnancy 17-47
25+ years of contraception used
Term
rates of those who use contraceptive U.S.
Definition
60% of 15-19 year olds are sexually active; 63% use birth contorl
73% of 20-24 year olds are sexully active; 82% use birth control
76% of 25-45 year olds of sexually active; 92% use birth control
Term
types of contraception used U.S.
Definition
39% surgical sterilization
32% hormonal methods
22% barrier methods
3% spermicides
4% other
Term
World Methods used
Definition
25% use tubal ligation
19% use vasectonmy
19% used IUD
15% use oral
21% other
Term
cross culture
Definition
57% of coital acts involve birth control
72% in developed countries
50% in undeveloped contries
Eastern Asia is number one
India and China number one sterilization
Japan number one condom
China number one IUD
Term
lactational amenorrhea
Definition
breast feeding for 2 or more years serves as a reasonably successful method for spacing pregnancies at least 3 years apart
Term
multiple methods approach
Definition
effectiveness of most methods is significantly improved by use with other methods
Term
mechanism of action
Definition
what makes the method successful
Term
LAF
Definition
lowest observed annual failure rate
Term
TAF
Definition
typical annual failure rate
Term
FYF
Definition
first year failure rate
Term
LTR
Definition
lifetime risk of failure
Term
Coitus Interruptus
"Withdrawal"
Definition
withdrawing penis from vagina prior to ejaculation
failure rate- 14%LAF, 23%TAF, 70-100%LFT
Term
adjunct method
Definition
used to select methods of contraception after determining the relative fertility level and degree of protection required to prevent pregnancy with each oital act
Term
sole method
Definition
used alone, probably useful to those wanting to space pregnancies rather than avoid pregnancy totally
Term
caveat
Definition
some highly motivated couples who are well educated in fertility awareness method can achieve effectiveness ratings almost equal to the pill
Term
types of fertility awareness
Definition
calender method
failure rate= 9% LAF,25% TAF
temperature record
failure rate= 3% LAF, 25% TAF
cervical signs
failure rate= 3% LAF, 20% TAF
saliva enzyme method
hormonal ovulation prediction kit

all methods 60%-100% LTF
Term
psychological issues when used as adjunct method
Definition
gives more power in using other methods
reduces fear of pregnancy
feeling of taking control of own body
Term
Daily pills
Definition
combination pill "The Pill" = E and P
progestin only pill
extended use (Seasonale Lybel)
Term
mechanisms of daily pills
Definition
inhibition of ovulation
prevent fertilization
prevents implantation
Term
mode of pill use
Definition
one pill taken daily
21 pills followed by 7 inert pills
extended use = 84 pills following 7 inert pills
Term
failure rates of pill
Definition
combination= .1% LAF 8% TAF
progestin only = .5% LAF 4% TAF
Lifetime failure risk= 70-80% LTR
Term
reasons for failure
Definition
didn't take every day
failure to begin pills on correct day of cycle
use of other drugs
illness
Term
biological side effects of pill
Definition
reduced endometrial and ovarian cancer
relief of dysmenorrhea, acne
vaginal infections, headaches
blood clot, blurred vision
suicide, headaches, liver disease
heart attacks
threatens "good girl" image
Term
Emergency contraception types
Definition
Yuzpe- high dose of E and P
Plan B- High dose of P only
Term
mode of use
Definition
one pill or 2 pill taken within 72 hours
Term
failure rate
Definition
1% LAF, 1% TAF within 12 hours
11% LAF, 11% TAF within 72 hours
Term
Types of Long Acting hormonal methods
Definition
lifetime failure risk 3-45% LTF
Term
subdermal implants
Definition
3 or 5 years
Implanton is a match-stick size tube implanted under the skin of the arm
failure= .1% LAF .2% TAF
Term
progestin injections
Definition
12 weeks DepoProvera
injection of long-acting, time-release progestin
failure= .3% LAF .3% TAF
Term
vaginal rings
Definition
3 weeks NuvaRing
time release estrogen/progestin filled ring fits around cervix
Term
transdermal patch
Definition
1 week OrthoEvra
estrogen/progestin absorbed through skin from patch
.3% LAF, 2% TAF
Term
reasons for failure of long-acting hormones
Definition
body fat absorbs hormones
failure to replace
displacement of device
Term
IUD types
Definition
Intrauterine Device
progestin T- 5 years
failure rates= .1% LAF .1% TAF
copper T- 10 years
failure rates= .6% LAF .8% TAF

lifetime risk = 3-26%
Term
IUD mechanism of action
Definition
prevents fertilization
inhibits ovulation
prevents implantation
Term
IUD use
Definition
inserted by health professional through cervix into uterus
string is attached
women 24+ are ideal users
used as emergency birth control
Term
Condom failure rate
Definition
13% in U.S.
3% LAF
12% TAF
with spermicides=
1%LAF 2-3% TAF
Lifetime risk = 60-98% LTR
Term
Female condom
Definition
polyurethane sheath
collects semen and provides barrier
failure rate= 5% LAF 15% TAF
79-100% LTR
more pleasurable
Term
Cervical barriers
Definition
they all use spermicide
lifetime failure - 80-100%
Term
cervical barrier use
Definition
all use spermicide
used every day of cycle
20 minutes prior to ejaculation
Term
diaphragm
Definition
fitted in vagina between upper end and the pelvic bone
failure rate = 6% LAF 16% TAF
Term
cervical cap
Definition
fits tightly over cervix and creates a suction seal after being in place for 30 minutes
failure rate = 8% LAF 13% TAF
Term
silicone cervical shield
Definition
has a valve that creates a vacuum seal after insertion, may be used for 48 hours
failure rate = 5% LAF 20% TAF
Term
disposable sponge
Definition
sponge is moistened with water, inserted into upper vagina
failure rate= 9% LAF, 16% TAF
Term
reasons for failure of barriers
Definition
device is dislodged during coitus
failure to apply spermicide
removal before all sperm are dead
Term
side effects
Definition
barrier to HPV
hard to use
Term
Spermicides in order of effectiveness
Definition
kills sperm
85% within 2 minutes
99% within 15 minutes
Term
foam, jelly, cream
Definition
foam shaken well
applicator is filled by attaching it to end of tube
Term
sponge
Definition
for all spermicides use 20 minutes before ejaculation
Term
vaginal suppository or tablets
Definition
placed as close to cervix as possible
Term
female sterilization
Definition
blocks access of sperm to egg
if reconnect tube, 38-82% restore fertility
Lifetime risk 12% LTR
25% in U.S. use this
60% over 35 years of age
Term
tubal ligation
Definition
cutting and stitching
.4% LAF .4% TAF
Term
tubal electrocoagulation
Definition
burning and sealing
Term
tubal blockage
Definition
filling with medication, plugs, clips
.4% LAF 1.4% TAF
Term
laparoscopy
Definition
small incisions in the abdomen
Term
transcervical
Definition
surgery in the vagina, uterus and oviducts
Term
reasons for failure
Definition
regrowth of tubes
Term
Male surgical contraception
Definition
prevent sperm from being ejaculated into female body
does not alter ability to orgasm or erection of produce hormones
60-82% reversible
11% in U.S. use this
3% LTR
Term
vasectomy
Definition
cutting and stitching the vas
simple surgery using local anesthetic
.05% LAF .15% TAF
Term
vas cautery
Definition
no scalpel, no bleeding
Term
vas valve (spigot)
Definition
reversible, in development
.04% LAF
Term
reasons for failure
Definition
sperm may live in ducts for several weeks
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