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Human Sexuality #1
Test 1
58
Other
Undergraduate 4
09/15/2009

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Term
Sex in History
Definition
-Hunter/Gather Society
-Could not outgrow food supply
-Women pregnant or nursing most of the life
Term
Mesoptamia (3000-300 BC)
Definition
-Sex-fertility rates
-Great Mother
-Men providers of food
-Women and children property of men
Term
Hebrews (1900 BC)
Definition
-male circumcision: convenant between God and Abraham
-women property of men (could be killed for adultrey)
-In Assyria-abortion a capital offense
Term
Greeks
Definition
-worship of the physical body (in art, olympics)
-Homosexuality a part of culture
-Pederasty (male teacher-also had sex)
-Sapho - poet (from Island of Lesbos)
Term
Romans
Definition
-Men in power
-Wife's role procreation
-concubines
-Dildo
-Homosexuality not as condoned
Term
Christianity
Definition
-Paul the leading voice on sexuality
-Women still the property of men (equal in the eyes of God)
-Celibacy for priests
-Paul's letter to Cornith
-Celibacy best but marriage is ok
Term
Puritans (1607)
Definition
-All God's creatures full of evil and sin
-13/18 wives died during the 1st winter
-many more males than females
-fornicators flogged, branded (scarlett letter)
-zoophillia - flogged or burned
-Bunding Boards
Term
Victorian Era (1800-1837)
Definition
-Queen Victoria of England symbol of purity
-covered legs of piano, chairs, tables, etc.
-covered "breasts" and "legs" of chickens
-ok for males to have normal sex drives
-female sex drives dormant unless aroused
-vibrator invented
-masturbation a "secret sin"
-semen = "little people"
Term
1880 Women's Movement
Definition
-women suffrage
-polygamy in Utah until 1896
**1873 Comstock law banned all literature concerning birth control
Term
1920 Social Reform
Definition
-19th Amendment-women's right to vote
-Romance popularized by Hollywood
-car available
-speak easy, telehone, prohibition, etc.
Term
1960's and 1970's
Definition
-social reform
-baby boomers (born between 1946-1964)
**-Birth control pill available (first time women have control over fertility)
-"sexual revolution"
Term
1667
Definition
sperm first seen under a microscope (animacules)
Term
1876
Definition
vulcanized rubber condom shown at the World's Fair in Philadelphia
Term
1940
Definition
penicillin available (treat bacteria STD's)
Term
1960
Definition
Birth contol pill became avilable
Term
1982
Definition
First case of HIV/AIDS
Term
sex
Definition
refers to sexual anatomy and sexual behavior
Term
gender
Definition
refers to the state of being male or female
Term
sexual behavior
Definition
produces arousal and increases the chance of orgasm
Term
sexuality and religion
Definition
Until about 100 yrs. agon most onfo on sex was provided by religion. People of different religions have different understandings of human sexuality
Term
Masters and Johnson
Definition
studied sex by watching it
Term
Alfred Kinsey
Definition
studied sex with surveys and investigations
Term
4 types of media infulence
Definition
1. Cultivation - make things become norm
2. Agenda-Setting - stations decided what they want to report
3. Social Learning - mimic what's on TV
4. The Internet
Term
culture
Definition
refers to traditional ideas & values
Term
ethnocentrism
Definition
influences our understnading of human sexual behavior. believing that your culture is the best
Term
incest taboos
Definition
regulations prohibiting sexual interaction between blood relatives are nearly universal
Term
Found among many species of mammals
Definition
masturbation, same-gender behavior, sexual signaling
Term
The Sexual Health Perspective
Definition
Sexual health is a state of physical, emotional, mental, and social well being in relation to sexuality. For sexual health to be attained and maintained, the sexual roghts of all persons must be respected, protected, and fufilled.
Term
sociobiology
Definition
application of evolutionary biology to understnading the social behavior of animals, including humans
Term
evolution
Definition
occurs via natural selection, a processs by which animals that are best adapted to their environment are more likely to: survive, reproduction, pass genes
Term
parental investment
Definition
behavior and resources invested by parents to achieve the survival & reproductive success of their genetic offpsring
Term
sexual selection
Definition
competition between members (male) preferential choice (females)
Term
pyschoanalytical theory
Definition
Freud: full treatment to human sexuality
Term
libido
Definition
Freud: sex drive or energy. one of the 2 major life foreces accodring to Freud
Term
erogenous zone
Definition
part of the skin or mcous membrane that is extremely sensitive to stimulation
Term
id
Definition
basic part of personality which is present at birth-pleasure principle
Term
ego
Definition
operates on the reality principle-keeps id in line
Term
superego
Definition
is the conscience and operates on idealism
Term
Freud's Psychosexual Development: Oral Stage
Definition
child's chief pleasure is derived from sucking and otherwise stimulating the lips and mouth
Term
Freud's Psychosexual Development: Anal Stage
Definition
2nd year: child's interest is focused on elimination
Term
Freud's Psychosexual Development: phallic stage
Definition
(3-5) boy's interest is focused on his phallus.
-Oedipus complex: develops but is resolved by castration anxiety
-Girls feel cheated and suffer from penis envy--electra complex: develops but resolution is not as complete as boys
Term
Freud's Psychosexual Development: Latency
Definition
which sexual impluses are repressed or are in a quescent state, lasts until adolescence
Term
Leaming Theory
Definition
much of human sexual behavior is biologically contolled, but much is learned.
Term
classical conditioning
Definition
takes place when a conditional stimulus is paired with an original unconditioned stimulus (cologne-sex)
Term
operant conditioning
Definition
means a person is more likely to repeat a behavior if it is rewarded (reinforcement)
Term
Behavior modification
Definition
involves a set of techiniques used to change behavior
Term
social learning
Definition
based on operant conditioning, imitation and identification
Term
gender schemas
Definition
set of attributes that we associate with males and females (process info on the basis of gender)
Term
sampling
Definition
identifying the appropriate population of people to be studied
Term
random sample
Definition
each member of the population has an equal chance of being included in the sample.
Term
random sample
Definition
each member of the population has an equal chance of being included in the sample.
Term
probability sample
Definition
chances of being in a sample
Term
problem of refusal
Definition
(or no response) people refuse to participate
Term
volunteer basis
Definition
may occur when the researcher studies people who agree to be in research (voulnteer to have sex watched)
Term
purposeful distortion
Definition
intentionally giving self-reports that are disstortions of reality.
Term
memory
Definition
difficult to remember facts
Term
informed consent
Definition
right to be told
Term
The Kinsey Report
Definition
first to teach real sex-ed
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