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Human Sexuality-Chapter 5
NPCC-Ms Marshall-Spring 2012
34
Psychology
Undergraduate 2
01/30/2012

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Term
intersexuality
Definition
a combination of female and male anatomical structures so that the individal cannot be clearly defined as male or female
Term
disorders of sex development
Definition
a more scientific term now being applied to those with cominations or ambiguities of female and male anatomical structures
Term
true hermaphrodite
Definition
a person who has one testis and one ovary. External appearance may vary among individuals.
Term
pseudohermaphrodite
Definition
a person who possesses either testes or ovaries in combination with some external genitals of the other sex.
Term
gender identity
Definition
a person inner experience of gender: feelings of maleness, femaleness or some ambivalent position between the two.
Term
gender role
Definition
the outward expression and demonstration of gender identity, through behaviors, attire and culturally determined characteristics of femininity and masculinity
Term
biological essentialism
Definition
a theory that holds that human traits and behaviors are formed primarily by inborn biological determinants such as genes and hormonal secretions, rather than by environmental influences
Term
social constructionism
Definition
a theory that holds that human traits and behaviors are shaped more by environmental social forces than by innate biological factors
Term
sexual differentiation
Definition
the developmental processes, biological, social and psychological, that lead to different sexes or genders
Term
gonads
Definition
sex and reproductive glands, either testes or ovaries, that produce hormones and eventually reproductive cells (sperms or eggs)
Term
conception
Definition
the process by which a sperm unites with an egg, normally joining 23 pairs of chromosomes to establish the genetic blueprint for a new individual. The sex chromosomes establish its sex, XX for female, XY for male
Term
SRY
Definition
the sex determining region of the Y chromosome
Term
DAX-1
Definition
the region on the X chromosome that seems to play a role in the sexual differentiation
Term
Mullerian ducts
Definition
embryonic structures that develop into female sexual and reproductive organs unless inhibited by male hormones
Term
Wolffian ducts
Definition
embryonic structures that develop into male sexual and reproductive organs if male hormones are present
Term
HY antigen
Definition
a biochemical produced in an embryo when the Y chromosome is present; it plays a role in the development of fetal gonads into testes
Term
anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH)
Definition
secretion of the fetal testes that prevents further development of female structures from the Mullerian ducts
Term
dihydrotestosterone
Definition
a chemical produced by the fetal testes that promotes further development of the testes, scrotum and penis in the fetus
Term
fetally androgenized females
Definition
a condition in which hormones administered during pregnancy cause chromosomely female (XX) fetuses to have masculinization of the genitals and perhaps of later behavioral patterns, even though they were raised as girls
Term
congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Definition
a genetic disorder that maculinizes chromosomal females and seems to lead to masculinization of behavior as well
Term
androgen insensitivity syndrome
Definition
a developmental condition in which cells do not respond to fetal androgen, so that chromosomally male (XY) fetuses develop external female genitals; there is also a feminization of later behavioral patterns
Term
DHT deficiency syndrome
Definition
a condition in which chromosomally male fetuses have underdeveloped male genitals and may be identified as girls at birth. However, at puberty they begin to develop masculine secondary sex characteristics and seem to maintain masculine patterns of behavior
Term
multiplier effect
Definition
the combining of biological and socio-environmental factors more and more with one another over time in the process of human development.
Term
differntial socialization
Definition
the process of treating boys and girls differently as they are growing up
Term
core gender identity
Definition
a childs early inner sense of its maleness, femaleness or ambivalence, established prior to puberty
Term
secondary sex characteristics
Definition
the physical characteristics of mature women and men that begin to develop at puberty
Term
androgyny
Definition
the presence of high frequencies of both masculine and feminine behaviors and traits in the same individuals
Term
hypermasculinity
Definition
a tendency to exaggerate manly behaviors; sometimes called machismo
Term
hyperfemininity
Definition
a tendency to exaggerate characteristics typically associated with women
Term
gender schema
Definition
a complex cognitive network of associations and ideas through which the individual perceives and interprets information about gender
Term
transgenderism
Definition
a crossing of traditional gender lines because of discomfort and nonconformity with gender roles generally accepted by society.
Term
gender identity disorder
Definition
the expression of gender identity in a way that is socially inconsistant with ones anatomical sex
Term
gender dysphoria
Definition
another term sometimes used to describe a gender identity disorder
Term
transsexuality
Definition
a strong degree of discomfort with ones identity as male or female, characterized by feelings of being in the wrongly sexed body
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