Term
| How are sexually transmitted infections spread for the most part? |
|
Definition
| by sexual contact with someone who has the bacteria, viruses, or parasites that cause the infections (oral-genital, vaginal and anal intercourse) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| very small single celled organisms, that lack a nuclear membrane, but have all the genetic material and metabolic machinery to reproduce themselves. |
|
|
Term
| What are viruses? Can they reproduce themselves? |
|
Definition
| just a protein shell around a nucleic acid core and cannot reproduce themselves. |
|
|
Term
| some people believe that sexually transmitted infections occur only in the _______, the _______, and __________ |
|
Definition
| poor; uneducated; minority groups |
|
|
Term
| Which STI is at epidemic proportions among college students today? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Can you have an STI and show no symptoms? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is considered the oldest STI? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is Gonorrhea caused by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where can you get Gonorrhea? |
|
Definition
| mouth, vagina, urethra, anus, eyes |
|
|
Term
| In men, what happens if you catch gonorrhea? What visible symptoms. When does it start happening? |
|
Definition
| the bacteria invade and cause inflammation of the urethra. Results in thick, puslike white or yellowish discharge from the urethra. Usually 2 to ten days after infection. Generally irritation or burning sensation at the urethral opening, and urination is often frequent and painful |
|
|
Term
| What percentage of men show symptoms of gonorrhea in the beginning? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens to men if gonorrhea is left untreated? What does he feel? |
|
Definition
| the gonorrhea spreads up the man's reproductive system and causes inflammation of the prostate, seminal vesicles, bladder, and epididymis. In 1 to 2 percent, the disease gets into the bloodstream and causes inflammation of the joints, heart, or brain covering as well as skin lesions. |
|
|
Term
| In women, how many show symptoms of gonorrhea? |
|
Definition
| most women show no symptoms |
|
|
Term
| In the women that show symptoms of gonorrhea, what ARE the symptoms? |
|
Definition
| there may be an abnormal vaginal discharge and irritation of the vulva and urethra, causing burning urination. |
|
|
Term
| In the women who show no symptoms of gonorrhea and are left untreated, what happens? What can they develop/get? |
|
Definition
| the fallopian tubes become swollen and inflamed, "Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)" |
|
|
Term
| When developing PID from untreated Gonorrhea, what can happen to the Fallopian tubes? |
|
Definition
| PID can cause scarring of the Fallopian tubes, which blocks passage of the sperm and egg - a common cause of sterility and tubal pregnancies in women. |
|
|
Term
| If a pregnant women contracts gonorrhea, what could happen to the fetus if it the gonorrhea is in the vagina? What if the gonorrhea is anywhere BUT the vagina? |
|
Definition
| A baby's eyes can become infected at delivery as it passes through the infected cervix and vagina. If not in vagina, the fetus will usually not be infected |
|
|
Term
| how is gonorrhea tested for now? how was it tested in the past? |
|
Definition
| urine test (for urethra); culture test by cotton swab inserted into the area of suspected infection. |
|
|
Term
| How do most physicians treat gonorrhea? What is the current problem with Gonorrhea versus antibiotics? |
|
Definition
| With ceftriaxone or cefixime; Gonorrhea keeps becoming resistent to the antibiotics given and we keep needing to change them and soon we will have to change from inexpensive antibiotics to expensive injectable antibiotics to fight the disease. |
|
|
Term
| Any inflammation of the urethra not caused by the gonococcus is called __________ ________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where can you get Chlamydia? |
|
Definition
| Mucous Membranes: mouth, eyes, anus, vagina, urethra |
|
|
Term
| When will a person start showing symptoms of Chlamydia if they even show symptoms? |
|
Definition
| within one ot three weeks after infection |
|
|
Term
| Which STI can the earlier stages of chlamydia be confused with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What male symptoms of Chlamydia are similar to Gonorrhea, but what are the differences? |
|
Definition
| Irritation and burning of the urethra (although usually not painful) and a discharge (uaully thin and clear rather than puslike) |
|
|
Term
| What is the percentage of men and women who actually show symptoms at the initial stage of chlamydia? |
|
Definition
| near 20% of women and almost NO men show symptoms in the inital stages. |
|
|
Term
| What can happen to men if chlamydia is left untreated? |
|
Definition
| can spread through the reproductive system and cause infection of the prostate and epididymis and possibly sterility. |
|
|
Term
| What happens in Women if Chlamydia is left untreated/ |
|
Definition
| up to 40% of women, the spread to the reproductive system causes Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, leaving the fallopian tubes scarred and result in sterility or increased risk of tubal pregnancy |
|
|
Term
| What can happen to babies born to women with Chlamydia? |
|
Definition
| the babies can get eye infections (chlamydia conjunctivitis) and/or nose-throat infections |
|
|
Term
| How is Chlamydia tested for? |
|
Definition
| a culture test for certain possible infectious areas, but also can be traded for a non-invasive urine test |
|
|
Term
| How is Chlamydia usually treated? |
|
Definition
| with doxycycline or azithromycin |
|
|
Term
| Which STI is Pelvic Inflammatory Disease a likely to be a consequence of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are symptoms of PID (Pelvic Inflammatory Disease)? |
|
Definition
| tenderness or pain in the lower abdomen, high fever, and chills |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Syphillis is much more common in __________ than ________ (color of people) |
|
Definition
| african americans; whites |
|
|
Term
| T/F Almost All cases of syphilis are transmitted by sexual contact. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is syphilis transmitted? |
|
Definition
| Not only by mucous membranes but also by mere touching of sores. The bacterium can pass through any little cut or scrape into the bloodstream. |
|
|
Term
| How soon do symptoms appear after one is infected with Syphilis? |
|
Definition
| two to four weeks later. If there are many bacteria, the incubation period can be as short as 10 days; but if only few are transmitted, the sores can take as long as 90 days to appear. |
|
|
Term
| Discuss the symptoms of Syphilis |
|
Definition
| They occur in four stages: primary, secondary, latent, and late (or tertiary) stage |
|
|
Term
| What happens during the first stage of syphilis? How long does it last? |
|
Definition
| appearance of very ugly ulcerlike (yet painless) sores (called a "chancre") at the site where the spirochete entered the body. It lasts around 10-14 days then disappears. |
|
|
Term
| What happens during the secondary stage of syphilis? How long after the primary stage? How long does it last |
|
Definition
| Usually appear within 4 to 6 weeks after the chancre heals, usually an itchless, painless rash that appears all over the body, including the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. Moist areas, the rash are large sores which break and ooze a highly infectious fluid full of bacteria. Sore throat, persistent low grade fever, nausea, loss of appetite, aches and pains, and sometimes even hair loss; can disappear within several weeks to one year. |
|
|
Term
| What happens during the latent stage of syphilis? How long does this phase last? What is happening inside of the body? |
|
Definition
| completely symptomless; may last for years, but the bacteria are attacking the internal organs of the body, particularly the heart and blood vessels and the brain and spinal cord. |
|
|
Term
| What happens during the latent/tertiary stage of syphilis? |
|
Definition
| large ulcers called gummas often appear on the skin and bones. Damage to the heart and blood vessels frequently results in death, while damage to the central nervous system can lead to paralysis, insanity, and/or deafness. |
|
|
Term
| What can happen to an unborn baby if the mother has syphilis? |
|
Definition
| it can be infected with syphilis - the spirochete travels in the blood into the placental blood system - the fetus will be aborted, stillborn, or born with a rather advanced stage of the infection called "congenital syphilis) |
|
|
Term
| What can be done to prevent an unborn baby from catching syphylis? |
|
Definition
| regular blood tests done routinely during pregnancy tests and can be treated if detected early |
|
|
Term
| How is syphilis diagnosed? |
|
Definition
| the spirochete taken from a chancre or sore can be identified under a microscope, but blood tests are almost always done as well. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Antibiotics! Penicillin G, however, they cannot reverse any organ damage that may have already occurred if the disease was left untreated until the late stage. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is characterized by small bumps on the genitals or other sites that rupture into soft, craterlike sores and is painful. |
|
|
Term
| What is Granuloma inguinale? |
|
Definition
| An STI that is a painless pimple that ulcerates and spreads to surrounding areas, permanently destroying the tissue and causing death if not treated. |
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms of Shigellosis? what is it caused by |
|
Definition
| acute diarrhea, fever, and pain; exposure to feces infected with specific bacteria |
|
|
Term
| Is there a cure for herpes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| by direct skin to skin contact |
|
|
Term
| T/F Oral Herpes Cannot cause Genital Herpes |
|
Definition
| False! They can be transmitted to each other |
|
|
Term
| T/F More women have genital herpes than do men |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| by a simple kiss all the way to intimate sexual contact |
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms of initial herpes? What is this stage's name? When do they occur |
|
Definition
| They occur 2 to 20 days after contact with an infected person, with an average of 6 days. In stage one, the prodromal stage, the person feels a tingling, burning, itching, like sensation on the skin surface where he or she came into contact with the virus. |
|
|
Term
| What happens during the second stage of herpes? What is this called? How long can it last? |
|
Definition
| The Vesicle stage can last from 2 to 3 weeks. The skin will break into fluid-filled blisters called vesicles. The vesicles break open resembling pustules and then ulcerated running sores. |
|
|
Term
| What is the third stage of herpes called? What does it entail? |
|
Definition
| The "crusting-over stage" which involves sores beginning to develop scales and form scabs |
|
|
Term
| How long does the primary attack of Herpes last? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what causes recurrent attacks of herpes? |
|
Definition
| stress to the immune system, either of a physical or emotional nature or by illness, fatigue, menstruation, too much sunlight, and/or anxiety |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any part of the body. But mainly the mouth and the genital regions of the body. |
|
|
Term
| Talk about herpes in the mother during pregnancy? During Delivery? |
|
Definition
| There is a higher rate of premature births, spontaneous abortions, and congenital malformations; there is a 50 percent chance the baby will catch herpes if the mother has an active case of it during delivery. Many babies who get herpes right at birth die or suffer permanent and severe neurological problems |
|
|
Term
| how is herpes treated if there is no cure? |
|
Definition
| antiviral drugs are available (zovirax, valtrex, famvir) |
|
|
Term
| What is herpes caused by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an inflammation of the liver that can have many causes |
|
|
Term
| What is hepatitis A caused by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is Hepatitis A Spread? |
|
Definition
| direct or indirect oral contact with contaminated feces |
|
|
Term
| How do people typically get Hepatitis A? |
|
Definition
| Can get it through Anal sex, but mainly from eating contaminated food handled by infected individuals. |
|
|
Term
| What is Hepatitis B caused by? and how is it transmitted? What are the symptoms? |
|
Definition
| virus (larger than A); by infected blood or body fluids such as saliva, semen, and vaginal secretions; liver disease, cancer, cirrhosis |
|
|
Term
| Regarding pregnant women with Hepatitis B, what happens to the babies? |
|
Definition
| over 2/3 of all pregnant women infected pass it to their babies. |
|
|
Term
| What is Hepatitis C Caused by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is Hepatitis C spread? |
|
Definition
| through contact with contaminated blood, rarely spread during sex |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common sexually transmitted infection caused by bacteria or viruses in the United States and worldwide? |
|
Definition
| Human Papillomavirus Infection (HPV) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| epithelial cells (skin cells) |
|
|
Term
| How soon do symptoms appear to those who contract genital warts? What are the symptoms... |
|
Definition
| anywhere from 3 weeks to 8 months; warts that can cause itching, irritation, or bleeding. |
|
|
Term
| What happens to a baby during delivery if the mother is infected with genital warts? |
|
Definition
| the virus can be transmitted to the baby during delivery. |
|
|
Term
| for HPV infections, what is the chosen method of treatment? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the virus of HIV do to replicate itself? |
|
Definition
| it invades cd4 cells (the cells that ordinarily would fight it off) and replicate itself within the cd4 cell and go to invade other cd4 cells. |
|
|
Term
| What is Molluscum contagiosum? |
|
Definition
| a sexually transmitted virus with symptoms that look like small pimples filled with kernals of corn |
|
|
Term
| What are the first symptoms of newly infected persons with HIV? How long after infection do these symptoms typically appear? What stage is this called? How long can it last? |
|
Definition
| flulike symptoms (headache, diarrhea, tiredness, skin rash); 13 - 15 days after infection. *primary HIV infection*; can last for several weeks |
|
|
Term
| what happens right after the primary HIV infection? |
|
Definition
| the body's immune system launches a huge counterattack that kills the virus by the billions, reducing it to very low levels...but not completely |
|
|
Term
| What stage is after the primary HIV infection? how long can it last? |
|
Definition
| The asymptomatic HIV infection (no symptoms); can last for years |
|
|
Term
| What happens at after the asymptomatic stage of HIV? What is it called? |
|
Definition
| Symptomatic HIV involves fatigue, persistent headaches, loss of appetite, recurrent diarrhea, loss of body weight, low-grade fever, swollen lymph nodes, and "colds," "flus," and yeast infections that linger on and on. |
|
|
Term
| When is HIV classified as AIDS? |
|
Definition
| when it becomes life-threatening and the immune system falls to prey to opportunistic infections such as lymphomas, sarcomas, and random diseases not typically seen!! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| No...they die of the opportunistic diseases |
|
|
Term
| Once an individual is infected with HIV, how long does it take to develop a full-blown case of AIDS? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long can an HIV-infected person expect to live after being diagnosed with AIDS? |
|
Definition
| without medication, the survival time is only about 1 year However, new drugs have allowed many HIV and AIDS patients to live longer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sexual contact with an infected person, exposure to infected blood, mother-to-infant transmission. |
|
|
Term
| T/F HIV is transmitted almost exclusively by intimate sexual contact and contaminated transmission |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is HIV found in humans? |
|
Definition
| semen and vaginal fluids of infected individuals |
|
|
Term
| When are HIV patients most "contagious"? |
|
Definition
| during the first 60 days and then later in the symptomatic HIV and AIDS stages |
|
|
Term
| What is the easiest way to spread HIV from an infected person to another? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the percentage of a mother giving their new child aids? |
|
Definition
| very late in pregnancy, during childbirth and breast-feeding (20 - 25%) |
|
|
Term
| How do doctors test for HIV? What is the problem with this if someone has just been recently infected? |
|
Definition
| they do not test for the virus directly, but instead detect antibodies to the virus that are produced by an infected person's immune system. Blood is first checked with the EIA test. However, the test can result in "false positives"; if one has been recently infected, the test will not be positive. |
|
|
Term
| How are doctors currently treating HIV/AIDS? |
|
Definition
| an antiretroviral drug that slows the progression of HIV infection by blocking an essential enzyme needed for the virus to replicate itself. |
|
|
Term
| When doctors need to use more than one antiviral drug in combination to treat HIV it is commonly referred to as ____ |
|
Definition
| HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy) |
|
|
Term
| Why was HAART for AIDS treatment not ideal for a normal lifestyle? |
|
Definition
| The side effects were extreme (caved in faces, neurologic complications) and, to be effective, over 20 pills had to be taken every day at precise times...life was watching a clock. |
|
|
Term
| Where can the HIV exist even when taking the new antiretroviral drug? Why does this happen? |
|
Definition
| There are places that the new drugs cannot affect it: t cells |
|
|
Term
| How is pubic lice transmitted? |
|
Definition
| almost always by skin-to-skin contact. |
|
|
Term
| Where else can you pick up pubic lice? |
|
Definition
| Sheets, towels, or clothing of an infested person. |
|
|
Term
| Scabies have mites that have ____ legs, Pubic lice has mites that have ___ legs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| general term that refers to any inflammation of the vagina. |
|
|
Term
| What is the only type of vaginitis that is usually contracted by sexual contact? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are symptoms of females with trichomoniasis? when do they occur? |
|
Definition
| occur 4 days to 1 month after exposure and include a copious, foamy, yellowish-whitish discharge with a foul odor accompanied by sever vaginal itching |
|
|
Term
| Where else can you get trichomoniasis? |
|
Definition
| from a wet toilet seat or by sharing towels (it can be found in urine or tap water for hours or sometimes days) |
|
|
Term
| Left untreated, what can Trichomoniasis cause? |
|
Definition
| can lead to infertility, premature labor in pregnant women, and facilitates transmission of HIV from an infected partner |
|
|
Term
| How do you diagnose Trichomoniasis? |
|
Definition
| made by examining any discharge and growing the parasite in culture |
|
|
Term
| How is trichomoniasis treated? should you be careful with this drug during pregnancy? |
|
Definition
| drug called metronidazole; don't take it during pregnancy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a type of vaginitis caused by the overgrowth of a fungus or yeast and usually is a sexually related infection (rather than sexually transmitted) |
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms of Moniliasis? |
|
Definition
| thick, white, cheesy discharge accompanied by intense itching. |
|
|
Term
| What typically causes yeast infections? |
|
Definition
| anything that changes the chemical environment of the vagina can result in overgrowth of yeast. (hormone changes, diabetes, heavy use of antibiotics, and even overly zealous hygiene. |
|
|
Term
| how are yeast infections treated? |
|
Definition
| antifungal creams or suppositories |
|
|
Term
| Which type of vaginosis is the most common? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the main symptoms of bacterial vaginosis? What can it lead to? |
|
Definition
| vaginal odor (fishy), abnormal discharge (grayish and nonclumpy); can lead to severe upper reproductive tract infections |
|
|
Term
| STIs will occur in _________ Americans in their lifetime |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sexual behavior does not cause STIs. The behavior is merely the mode of transmission for _____, ______, and/or ______, that must be present for the infections to be transmitted. |
|
Definition
| virus, bacteria, parasites |
|
|
Term
| Hepatitis is an inflammation of the _____ that can be caused by contact with contaminated _______ or infected ______ |
|
Definition
| liver; feces; blood and other body fluids |
|
|
Term
| HIV invades and destroys ______ (also called helper T) cells, white blood cells that are a critical part of the body's immune system. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Without medication, about half of all individuals who become infected with HIV will develop AIDS within _____ years. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HIV originated in africa from simian immunodeficiency viruses. It is transmitted by ____________ and exposure to infected _____. |
|
Definition
| intimate sexual contact; blood |
|
|
Term
| Pubic lice and scabies are not really infections, but _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The other two types of vaginitis are not considered STIs because most cases are not acquired during sexual relations. _______ vaginitis is a fungus or yeast infection that is very common in women. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Probably the most common type of vaginitis is ___________, caused by the interaction of several vaginal bacteria. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Chlamydia is more common than gonorrhea? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Pelvic Inflammatory disease can be caused by infections that were not contracted during sex |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Condoms are generally ineffective against the human immunodeficiency virus. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Herpes is the leading infectious cause of blindness in the United States |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F To minimize their chance of vaginal infection, women should wear panties made of synthetic fabrics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "Painful, craterlike sores" is characteristic of what Infection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "itchless, painless rash all over body" is characteristic of what infection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "puslike discharge and/or burning during urination" is characteristic of what infection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "intense itching caused by grayish, six legged parasites" is characteristic of what infection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "thick, white, cheesy vaginal discharge and intense itching" is characteristic of what infection? |
|
Definition
| moniliasis (yeast infection) |
|
|
Term
| "loss of appetite, fatigue, slow recovery from colds and flus, continual yeast infections, purple blotches on skin, pneumonia" is characteristic of what infection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "sever abdominal pain and fever" is characteristic of what infection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "scaling skin caused by pearly mites" is characteristic of what infection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "Large, ulcerlike, painless sore" is characteristic of what infection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "fluid-filled blisters" is characteristic of what infection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "copioius, foamy, yellowish-green vaginal discharge and odor" is characteristic of what infection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "wartlike growths that look like small pimples filled with kernals of corn" is characteristic of what infection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "thin, clear discharge and irritation of the urethra" is characteristic of what infection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "jaundiced or yellow tinge of skin and eyes" is characteristic of what infection |
|
Definition
| Hepatitis (liver infection) |
|
|
Term
| "large ulcers (gummas) on the skin and bones; damage to the heart and nervous system" is characteristic of what infection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "inflammation of the bladder" is characteristic of what infection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A Woman who has had _______ is at high risk of getting cancer of the cervix |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A viral liver infection that can be sexually transmitted is _________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Two serious possible consequences of PID are ______ and ______ |
|
Definition
| ectopic pregnancy and infertility |
|
|
Term
| ______ is the most common thing that brings on recurrent herpes attacks |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Any inflammation of the urethra not caused by the gonococcus is called ____________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ________ live in the large intestine and can be transmitted during sex, but are generally acquired by children through nonsexual means |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HIV attacks immune system cells called ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For which infections do women usually not have visible symptoms in the initial stage? |
|
Definition
| gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, HPV infection, HIV infection |
|
|
Term
| The most common sexually transmitted infection/infestation in the US is ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The most common STI in the United States caused by a bacterium or virus is ________ |
|
Definition
|
|
