Term
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Definition
| A unique capability that creates high value and differentiates an organization from its competition. |
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Term
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Definition
| A person who has responsibility for performing a variety of HR activities. |
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Term
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Definition
| A person who has in-depth knowledge and expertise in a limited area of HR. |
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Term
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Definition
| The collective value of the capabilities, knowledge, skills, life experiences, and motivation of an organizational workforce. |
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Term
| Human Resource (HR) management |
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Definition
| The direction of organizational systems to ensure that human talent is used effectively and efficiently to accomplish organizational goals. |
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Term
| Human resource management system (HRMS) |
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Definition
| An integrated system providing information used by HR management in decision making. |
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Term
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Definition
| The shared values and beliefs in an organization. |
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Term
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Definition
| Comparing specific measures of performance against data on those measures in other organizations. |
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Term
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Definition
| Societal forces affecting the values, beliefs, and actions of a distinct group of people. |
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Term
| Economic value added (EVA) |
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Definition
| Net operating profit of a firm after the cost of capital is deducted. |
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Term
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Definition
| The extent to which goals have been met. |
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Term
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Definition
| The degree to which operations are done in an economical manner. |
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Term
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Definition
| Process of studying the environment of the organization to pinpoint opportunities and threats. |
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Term
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Definition
| Using information from the past and the present to identify expected future conditions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Firm that has corporate units in a number of countries that are integrated to operate worldwide. |
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Term
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Definition
| Formal research effort that evaluates the current state of HR management in an organization. |
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Term
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Definition
| Specific measures tied to HR performance indicators. |
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Term
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Definition
| Means used to anticipate and manage the supply of and demand for human resources. |
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Term
| Human resource (HR) planning |
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Definition
| Process of analyzing and identifying the need for and availability of human resources so that the organization can meet its objectives. |
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Term
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Definition
| Buying and selling goods and services with organizations in other countries. |
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Term
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Definition
| Dimension of culture that refers to the extent to which people in a country prefer to act as individuals instead of members of groups. |
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Term
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Definition
| Dimension of culture that refers to the preference of people in a country for long-term values as opposed to short-term values. |
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Term
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Definition
| Dimension of culture that refers to the degree to which “masculine” values prevail over “feminine” values. |
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Term
| Multi-national enterprise (MNE) |
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Definition
| Organization that has operating units located in foreign countries. |
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Term
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Definition
| The shared values and beliefs in an organization. |
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Term
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Definition
| Dimension of culture that refers to the inequality among the people of a nation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Measure of the quantity and quality of work done, considering the cost of the resources used. |
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Term
| Return on investment (ROI) |
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Definition
| Calculation showing the value of expenditures for HR activities. |
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Term
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Definition
| Use of employees to gain or keep a competitive advantage, resulting in greater organizational effectiveness. |
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Term
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Definition
| Process of identifying a longer-term plan for the orderly replacement of key employees. |
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Term
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Definition
| Dimension of culture that refers to the preference of people in a country for structured rather than unstructured situations. |
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Term
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Definition
| Computed by dividing the average cost of workers by their average levels of output. |
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Term
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Definition
| A survey that focuses on employees’ feelings and beliefs about their jobs and the organization. |
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Term
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Definition
| An interview in which individuals are asked to give their reasons for leaving the organization. |
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Term
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Definition
| A positive emotional state resulting from evaluating one’s job experiences. |
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Term
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Definition
| The desire within a person causing that person to act. |
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Term
| Organizational commitment |
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Definition
| The degree to which employees believe in and accept organizational goals and desire to remain with the organization. |
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Term
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Definition
| The shared values and beliefs of a workforce. |
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Term
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Definition
| The unwritten expectations employees and employers have about the nature of their work relationships. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process in which employees leave an organization and have to be replaced. |
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Term
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Definition
| Discrimination exists if the selection rate for a protected group is less than 80% (4/5ths) of the selection rate for the majority group or less than 80% of the majority group’s representation in the relevant labor market. |
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Term
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Definition
| Employers are urged to hire groups of people based on their race, age, gender, or national origin, to make up for historical discrimination. |
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Term
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Definition
| Differences among people should be ignored and everyone should be treated equally. |
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Term
| Bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ) |
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Definition
| Characteristic providing a legitimate reason why an employer can exclude persons on otherwise illegal bases of consideration. |
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Term
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Definition
| What individuals who file suit against employers must prove in order to establish that illegal discrimination has occurred. |
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Term
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Definition
| Practice necessary for safe and efficient organizational operations. |
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Term
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Definition
| Measured when an employer tests current employees and correlates the scores with their performance ratings. |
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Term
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Definition
| Validity measured by a logical, non-statistical method to identify the KSAs and other characteristics necessary to perform a job. |
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Term
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Definition
| Index number giving the relationship between a predictor and a criterion variable. |
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Term
| Criterion-related validity |
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Definition
| Validity measured by a procedure that uses a test as the predictor of how well an individual will perform on the job. |
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Term
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Definition
| Someone who has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits life activities, who has a record of such an impairment, or who is regarded as having such an impairment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when members of a protected class are substantially under-represented as a result of employment decisions that work to their disadvantage. |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when members of a protected class are treated differently from others. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any employment procedure used as the basis for making an employment-related decision. |
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Term
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Definition
| Employment that is not affected by illegal discrimination. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fundamental duties of a job. |
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Term
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Definition
| Dispute resolution process by which a third party helps negotiators reach a settlement. |
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Term
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Definition
| Idea that pay for jobs requiring comparable levels of knowledge, skill, and ability should be similar, even if actual duties differ significantly. |
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Term
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Definition
| Measured when test results of applicants are compared with subsequent job performance. |
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Term
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Definition
| Individuals within a group identified for protection under equal employment laws and regulations. |
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Term
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Definition
| A modification or adjustment to a job or work environment for a qualified individual with a disability. |
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Term
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Definition
| Consistency with which a test measures an item. |
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Term
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Definition
| Punitive actions taken by employers against individuals who exercise their legal rights. |
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Term
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Definition
| Actions that are sexually directed, are unwanted, and subject the worker to adverse employment conditions or create a hostile work environment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Significant difficulty or expense imposed on an employer in making an accommodation for individuals with disabilities. |
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Term
| Affirmative action plan (AAP) |
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Definition
| Formal document that an employer compiles annually for submission to enforcement agencies. |
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Term
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Definition
| Identifies the number of protected-class members available to work in the appropriate labor markets for given jobs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Discriminatory practices that have prevented women and other protected-class members from advancing to executive-level jobs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sexual harassment in which an individual’s work performance or psychological well-being is unreasonably affected by intimidating or offensive working conditions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Practice of allowing relatives to work for the same employer. |
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Term
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Definition
| Approach in which employees gradually reduce their workloads and pay. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sexual harassment in which employment outcomes are linked to the individual granting sexual favors. |
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Term
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Definition
| When a person is denied an opportunity because of preferences given to protected-class individuals who may be less qualified. |
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Term
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Definition
| Identifies the number of protected-class members employed in the organization and the types of jobs they hold. |
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Term
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Definition
| Extent of individual freedom and discretion in the work and its scheduling. |
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Term
| Business process re-engineering (BPR) |
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Definition
| Measures for improving such activities as product development, customer service, and service delivery. |
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Term
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Definition
| Individual capabilities that can be linked to enhanced performance by individuals or teams. |
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Term
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Definition
| Schedule in which a full week’s work is accomplished in fewer than 5 8-hour days. |
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Term
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Definition
| Larger work segment composed of several tasks that are performed by an individual. |
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Term
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Definition
| Amount of information employees receive about how well or how poorly they have performed. |
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Term
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Definition
| Scheduling arrangement in which employees work a set number of hours a day but vary starting and ending times. |
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Term
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Definition
| Grouping of tasks, duties, and responsibilities that constitutes the total work assignment for employees. |
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Term
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Definition
| Systematic way of gathering and analyzing information about the content, context, and human requirements of jobs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Identification of the tasks, duties, and responsibilities of a job. |
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Term
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Definition
| Organizing tasks, duties, and responsibilities into a productive unit of work. |
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Term
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Definition
| Broadening the scope of a job by expanding the number of different tasks to be performed. |
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Term
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Definition
| Increasing the depth of a job by adding responsibility for planning, organizing, controlling, or evaluating the job. |
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Term
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Definition
| Process of shifting a person from job to job. |
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Term
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Definition
| Scheduling arrangement in which two employees perform the work of one full-time job. |
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Term
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Definition
| The knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs) an individual needs to perform a job satisfactorily. |
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Term
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Definition
| Duties that are part of a job but are incidental or ancillary to the purpose and nature of the job. |
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Term
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Definition
| Indicators of what the job accomplishes and how performance is measured in key areas of the job description. |
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Term
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Definition
| Matching characteristics of people with characteristics of jobs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Obligations to perform certain tasks and duties. |
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Term
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Definition
| Organizational team composed of individuals who are assigned a cluster of tasks, duties and responsibilities to be accomplished. |
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Term
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Definition
| Extent to which the work requires several different activities for successful completion. |
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Term
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Definition
| Organizational team formed to address specific problems, improve work processes, and enhance product and service quality. |
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Term
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Definition
| Distinct, identifiable work activity composed of motions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Extent to which the job includes a “whole” identifiable unit of work that is carried out from start to finish and that results in a visible outcome. |
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Term
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Definition
| Percent of applicants hired divided by total number of applicants. |
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Term
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Definition
| All persons who are actually evaluated for selection. |
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Term
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Definition
| A subset of the labor force population that is available for selection using a particular recruiting approach. |
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Term
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Definition
| Use of workers who are not traditional employees. |
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Term
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Definition
| Workers who perform specific services on a contract basis. |
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Term
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Definition
| System in which the employer provides notices of job openings and employees respond by applying. |
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Term
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Definition
| All individuals who are available for selection if all possible recruitment strategies are used. |
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Term
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Definition
| External supply pool from which organizations attract employees. |
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Term
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Definition
| Process of generating a pool of qualified applicants for organizational jobs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Percentage hired from a given group of candidates. |
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Term
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Definition
| Comparisons of the number of applicants at one stage of the recruiting process with the number at the next stage. |
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Term
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Definition
| Interview in which applicants give specific examples of how they have performed a certain task or handled a problem in the past. |
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Term
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Definition
| Tests that measure an individual’s thinking, memory, reasoning, verbal, and mathematical abilities. |
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Term
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Definition
| Citizen of one country who is working in a second country and employed by an organization headquartered in the first country. |
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Term
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Definition
| Citizen of one country who is working in that country and employed by an organization headquartered in a second country. |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when an employer fails to check an employee’s background and the employee injures someone. |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when an employer becomes aware that an employee may be unfit for employment, continues to employ the person, and the person injures someone. |
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Term
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Definition
| Interview that uses questions developed from the answers to previous questions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Interview in which several interviewers meet with the candidate at the same time. |
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Term
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Definition
| The congruence between individuals and organizational factors. |
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Term
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Definition
| Matching the KSAs of people with the characteristics of jobs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Tests that measure an individual’s abilities such as strength, endurance, and muscular movement. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fitting a person to the right job. |
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Term
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Definition
| Measurable or visible indicators of a selection criterion. |
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Term
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Definition
| Tests that measure dexterity, hand-eye coordination, arm-hand steadiness, and other factors. |
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Term
| Realistic job preview (RJP) |
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Definition
| Process through which a job applicant receives an accurate picture of a job. |
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Term
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Definition
| Process of choosing individuals with qualifications needed to fill jobs in an organization. |
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Term
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Definition
| Characteristic that a person must have to do a job successfully. |
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Term
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Definition
| Structured interview composed of questions about how applicants might handle specific job situations. |
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Term
| Situational judgment tests |
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Definition
| Tests that measure a person’s judgment in work settings. |
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Term
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Definition
| Interview designed to create anxiety and put pressure on applicants to see how they respond. |
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Term
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Definition
| Interview that uses a set of standardized questions asked of all job applicants. |
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Term
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Definition
| Interview in which applicants are interviewed by the team members with whom they will work. |
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Term
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Definition
| Citizen of one country who is working in a second country and employed by an organization headquartered in a third country. |
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Term
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Definition
| Tests that require an applicant to perform a simulated job task. |
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Term
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Definition
| Performance of job-related tasks and duties by trainees during training. |
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Term
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Definition
| Copying someone else’s behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| Comparison of costs and benefits associated with training. |
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Term
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Definition
| Training people to do more than one job. |
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Term
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Definition
| Use of the Internet or an organizational intranet to conduct training on-line. |
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Term
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Definition
| Based on the idea that people learn best if reinforcement and feedback are given after training. |
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Term
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Definition
| Training that occurs through interactions and feedback among employees. |
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Term
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Definition
| The way an organization identifies and leverages knowledge in order to be competitive. |
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Term
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Definition
| Practice performed all at once. |
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Term
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Definition
| Planned introduction of new employees to their jobs, co-workers, and the organization. |
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Term
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Definition
| Process in which a trainer and the organizational client work together to determine what needs to be done to improve results. |
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Term
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Definition
| Based on the idea that people tend to repeat responses that give them some type of positive reward and avoid actions associated with negative consequences. |
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Term
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Definition
| Person’s belief that he or she can successfully learn the training program content. |
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Term
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Definition
| Practice performed in several sessions spaced over a period of hours or days. |
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Term
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Definition
| Process whereby people acquire capabilities to perform jobs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Collections of instruments and exercises designed to diagnose individuals’ development needs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Series of work-related positions a person occupies throughout life. |
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Term
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Definition
| Represent employees’ movements through opportunities over time. |
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Term
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Definition
| Training and feedback given to employees by immediate supervisors. |
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Term
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Definition
| Efforts to improve employees’ abilities to handle a variety of assignments and to cultivate employees’ capabilities beyond those required by the current job. |
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Term
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Definition
| System that allows a person to advance up either a management ladder or a corresponding ladder on the technical/professional side of a career. |
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Term
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Definition
| Situation in which an individual learns new methods and ideas in a development course and returns to a work unit that is still bound by old attitudes and methods. |
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Term
| Individual-centered career planning |
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Definition
| Career planning focusing on an individual’s career rather than on organizational needs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Process of shifting a person from job to job. |
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Term
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Definition
| Relationship in which experienced managers aid individuals in the earlier stages of their careers. |
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Term
| Organization-centered career planning |
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Definition
| Career planning that focuses on identifying career paths that provide for the logical progression of people between jobs in an organization. |
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Term
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Definition
| Planning, training, and reassignment of global employees to their home countries. |
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Term
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Definition
| Paid time off the job to develop and rejuvenate oneself. |
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Term
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Definition
| Technique that requires participants to analyze a situation and decide the best course of action according to data given. |
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Term
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Definition
| Process of identifying a longer-term plan for the orderly replacement of key employees. |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when a rater gives all employees a score within a narrow range in the middle of the scale. |
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Term
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Definition
| Tendency to rate people relative to others rather than against performance standards. |
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Term
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Definition
| Performance appraisal method in which ratings of employees’ performance are distributed along a bell-shaped curve. |
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Term
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Definition
| Scale that allows the rater to mark an employee’s performance on a continuum. |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when a rater scores an employee high on all job criteria because of performance in one area. |
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Term
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Definition
| Important elements in a given job. |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when ratings of all employees fall at the high end of the scale. |
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Term
| Management by objectives (MBO) |
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Definition
| Performance appraisal method that specifies the performance goals that an individual and manager mutually identify. |
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Term
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Definition
| Process of evaluating how well employees perform their jobs and then communicating that information to the employees. |
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Term
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Definition
| Composed of the processes used to identify, measure, communicate, develop, and reward employee performance. |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when a rater gives greater weight to information received first when appraising an individual’s performance. |
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Term
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Definition
| Performance appraisal method in which all employees are listed from highest to lowest in performance. |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when a rater’s values or prejudices distort the rating. |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when a rater gives greater weight to recent events when appraising an individual’s performance. |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when ratings of all employees fall at the low end of the scale. |
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Term
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Definition
| Compensation plan that equalizes cost differences between identical international and home-country assignments. |
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Term
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Definition
| Basic compensation that an employee receives, usually as a wage or a salary. |
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Term
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Definition
| Jobs found in many organizations. |
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Term
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Definition
| Indirect reward given to an employee or a group of employees for organizational membership. |
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Term
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Definition
| Practice of using fewer pay grades with much broader ranges than in traditional compensation systems. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pay level divided by the midpoint of the pay range. |
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Term
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Definition
| Factor that identifies a job value commonly present throughout a group of jobs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hours given to an employee in lieu of payment for extra time worked. |
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Term
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Definition
| Rewards individuals for the capabilities they demonstrate and acquire. |
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Term
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Definition
| Perceived fairness in the distribution of outcomes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Assumes that individuals who have worked another year are entitled to pay increases, with little regard for performance differences. |
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Term
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Definition
| Perceived fairness between what a person does and what the person receives. |
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Term
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Definition
| Employees to whom employers are not required to pay overtime under the Fair Labor Standards Act. |
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Term
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Definition
| A court action in which a portion of an employee’s wages is set aside to pay a debt owed a creditor. |
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Term
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Definition
| Compensation plan that attempts to be more comprehensive in providing base pay, incentives, benefits, and relocation expenses regardless of the country to which the employee is assigned. |
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Term
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Definition
| Incumbent who is paid below the range set for the job. |
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Term
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Definition
| Formal, systematic means to identify the relative worth of jobs within an organization. |
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Term
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Definition
| Group of jobs having common organizational characteristics. |
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Term
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Definition
| One that is supposed to meet the basic needs of a worker’s family. |
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Term
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Definition
| One-time payment of all or part of a yearly pay increase. |
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Term
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Definition
| Grouping jobs into pay grades based on similar market survey amounts. |
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Term
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Definition
| Graph line that shows the relationship between job value as determined by job evaluation points and job value as determined by pay survey rates. |
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Term
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Definition
| Use of pay survey data to identify the relative value of jobs based on what other employers pay for similar jobs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Employees who must be paid overtime under the Fair Labor Standards Act. |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when the pay differences among individuals with different levels of experience and performance become small. |
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Term
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Definition
| One-time payment that does not become part of the employee’s base pay. |
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Term
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Definition
| Compensation computed as a percentage of sales in units or dollars. |
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Term
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Definition
| Subgroup of the board of directors, composed of directors who are not officers of the firm. |
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Term
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Definition
| Amount advanced from and repaid to future commissions earned by the employee. |
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Term
| Employee stock ownership plan (ESOP) |
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Definition
| Plan whereby employees have significant stock ownership in their employers. |
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Term
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Definition
| System of sharing with employees greater-than-expected gains in profits and/or productivity. |
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Term
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Definition
| Special benefits—usually non-cash items—for executives. |
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Term
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Definition
| System to distribute a portion of the profits of the organization to employees. |
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Term
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Definition
| Plan that gives employees the right to purchase a fixed number of shares of company stock at a specified price for a limited period of time. |
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Term
| Straight piece-rate system |
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Definition
| Pay system in which wages are determined by multiplying the number of units produced by the piece rate for one unit. |
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Term
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Definition
| Compensation linked to individual, group/team, and/or organizational performance. |
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Term
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Definition
| Agreement in which a percentage of an employee’s pay is withheld and invested in a tax-deferred account. |
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Term
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Definition
| Situation in which only higher-risk employees select and use certain benefits. |
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Term
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Definition
| Indirect reward given to an employee or a group of employees for organizational membership. |
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Term
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Definition
| Retirement program in which benefits are based on an accumulation of annual company contributions, expressed as a percentage of pay, plus interest credited each year. |
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Term
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Definition
| Strategy requiring employees to pay a portion of the cost of insurance premiums, medical care, and prescription drugs. |
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Term
| Consumer-driven health (CDH) plan |
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Definition
| One that provides employer financial contributions to employees to cover their own health-related expenses. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pension plan in which the money for pension benefits is paid in by both employees and employers. |
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Term
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Definition
| Retirement program in which an employee is promised a pension amount based on age and service. |
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Term
| Defined-contribution plan |
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Definition
| Retirement program in which the employer makes an annual payment to an employee’s pension account. |
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Term
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Definition
| Program that allows employees to select the benefits they prefer from groups of benefits established by the employer. |
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Term
| Flexible spending accounts |
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Definition
| Benefits plans that allow employees to contribute pre-tax dollars to buy certain additional benefits. |
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Term
| Health maintenance organization (HMO) |
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Definition
| Plan that provides services for a fixed period on a pre-paid basis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Approaches that monitor and reduce medical costs through restrictions and market system alternatives. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pension plan in which all the funds for pension benefits are provided by the employer. |
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Term
| Paid-time-off (PTO) plans |
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Definition
| Plans that combine all sick leave, vacation time, and holidays into a total number of hours or days that employees can take off with pay. |
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Term
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Definition
| Retirement program established and funded by the employer and employees. |
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Term
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Definition
| A pension plan feature that allows employees to move their pension benefits from one employer to another. |
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Term
| Preferred provider organization (PPO) |
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Definition
| A health-care provider that contracts with an employer group to supply health-care services to employees at a competitive rate. |
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Term
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Definition
| One requiring in-patient, hospital, hospice, or residential medical care or continuing physician care. |
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Term
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Definition
| Security benefit voluntarily offered by employers to employees who lose their jobs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Plan in which the corporation provides matching funds equal to the amount invested by the employee for the purchase of stock in the company. |
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Term
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Definition
| Audit of the services and costs billed by health-care providers. |
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Term
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Definition
| Right of employees to receive certain benefits from their pension plans. |
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Term
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Definition
| Extra pay for not taking sick leave. |
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Term
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Definition
| Security benefits provided to persons injured on the job. |
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Term
| Cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs) |
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Definition
| Muscle and skeletal injuries that occur when workers repetitively use the same muscles to perform tasks. |
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Term
| Employee assistance program (EAP) |
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Definition
| Program that provides counseling and other help to employees having emotional, physical, or other personal problems. |
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Term
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Definition
| Study and design of the work environment to address physiological and physical demands on individuals. |
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Term
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Definition
| General state of physical, mental, and emotional well-being. |
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Term
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Definition
| Supportive approach of facilitating and encouraging healthy actions and lifestyles among employees. |
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Term
| Lock out / tag out regulations |
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Definition
| Requirements that locks and tags be used to make equipment inoperative for repair or adjustment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Condition in which the physical well-being of people is protected. |
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Term
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Definition
| Protection of employees and organizational facilities. |
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Term
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Definition
| Comprehensive review of organizational security. |
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Term
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Definition
| Use of illicit substances or misuse of controlled substances, alcohol, or other drugs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Programs designed to maintain or improve employee health before problems arise. |
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Term
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Definition
| Process that uses a neutral third party to make a decision. |
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Term
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Definition
| Deliberately making conditions intolerable to get an employee to quit. |
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Term
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Definition
| Rights based on a specific contract between an employer and an employee. |
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Term
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Definition
| Form of training that enforces organizational rules. |
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Term
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Definition
| Perceived fairness in the distribution of outcomes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Requirement that the employer use fair means to determine employee wrongdoing and/or disciplinary measures, and that the employee have an opportunity to explain and defend his or her actions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Agreement that formally outlines the details of employment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Common-law doctrine stating that employers have the right to hire, fire, demote, or promote whomever they choose, unless there is a law or a contract to the contrary. |
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Term
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Definition
| Reasonable justification for taking employment-related action. |
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Term
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Definition
| Agreements that prohibit individuals who leave the organization from competing with an employer in the same line of business for a specified period of time. |
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Term
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Definition
| General guidelines that focus organizational actions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Perceived fairness of the processes used to make decisions about employees. |
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Term
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Definition
| Customary methods of handling activities. |
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Term
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Definition
| Obligations to perform certain tasks and duties. |
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Term
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Definition
| An individual’s freedom from unauthorized and unreasonable intrusion into their personal affairs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Powers, privileges, or interests that belong to a person by law, nature, or tradition. |
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Term
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Definition
| Specific guidelines that regulate and restrict the behavior of individuals. |
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Term
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Definition
| Agreement in which a terminated employee agrees not to sue the employer, in exchange for specified benefits. |
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Term
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Definition
| Rights based on laws or statutes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Individuals who report real or perceived wrongs committed by their employers. |
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Term
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Definition
| Termination of an individual’s employment for reasons that are improper or illegal. |
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Term
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Definition
| Process that uses a neutral third party to make a decision. |
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Term
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Definition
| Employees eligible to select a single union to represent and bargain collectively for them. |
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Term
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Definition
| Full-time union official who operates the union office and assists union members. |
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Term
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Definition
| Firm that requires individuals to join a union before they can be hired. |
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Term
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Definition
| Practice whereby union or worker representatives are given positions on a company’s board of directors. |
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Term
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Definition
| Process whereby representatives of management and workers negotiate over wages, hours, and other terms and conditions of employment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Indication of employee dissatisfaction. |
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Term
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Definition
| Process by which a third party attempts to keep union and management negotiators talking so that they can reach a voluntary settlement. |
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Term
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Definition
| One whose members do one type of work, often using specialized skills and training. |
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Term
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Definition
| Process whereby a union is removed as the representative of a group of employees. |
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Term
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Definition
| Group of autonomous national and international unions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Complaint formally stated in writing. |
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Term
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Definition
| Means by which a third party settles disputes arising from different interpretations of a labor contract. |
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Term
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Definition
| Formal channels of communication used to resolve grievances. |
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Term
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Definition
| Collective bargaining issues that would require either party to take illegal action. |
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Term
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Definition
| One that includes many persons working in the same industry or company, regardless of jobs held. |
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Term
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Definition
| Shutdown of company operations undertaken by management to prevent union members from working. |
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Term
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Definition
| Rights reserved so that the employer can manage, direct, and control its business. |
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Term
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Definition
| Collective bargaining issues identified specifically by labor laws or court decisions as subject to bargaining. |
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Term
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Definition
| Process by which a third party helps the negotiators reach a settlement. |
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Term
| National emergency strike |
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Definition
| Strike that would impact the national economy significantly. |
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Term
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Definition
| Workers are not required to join or pay dues to a union. |
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Term
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Definition
| Collective bargaining issues that are not mandatory and relate to certain jobs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Process by which union members vote to accept the terms of a negotiated labor agreement. |
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Term
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Definition
| State laws that prohibit requiring employees to join unions as a condition of obtaining or continuing employment. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Americans with Disabilities Act |
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Term
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Definition
| Age Discrimination in Employment Act |
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Term
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Definition
| Alternative dispute resolution |
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Term
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Definition
| Acquired immune deficiency syndrome |
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Term
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Definition
| Bona fide occupational qualifications |
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Term
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Definition
| Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act |
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Term
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Definition
| Cost-of-living allowance or cost-of-living adjustment |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Employee assistance program |
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Term
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Definition
| Equal employment opportunity |
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Term
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Definition
| Equal Employment Opportunity Commission |
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Term
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Definition
| Employee Retirement Income Security Act |
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Term
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Definition
| Employee stock-ownership plan |
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Term
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Definition
| Financial Accounting Standards Board |
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Term
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Definition
| Federal Insurance Contributions Act |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Family and Medical Leave Act |
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Term
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Definition
| Flexible spending account |
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Term
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Definition
| Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act |
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Term
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Definition
| Human immunodeficiency virus |
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Term
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Definition
| Health maintenance organization |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Human resource information system |
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Term
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Definition
| Human resource management |
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Term
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Definition
| Individual retirement account |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Material Safety Data Sheet |
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Term
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Definition
| National Labor Relations Act |
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Term
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Definition
| National Labor Relations Board |
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Term
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Definition
| Organizational development |
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Term
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Definition
| Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Occupational Safety and Health Act/Administration |
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Term
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Definition
| Older Workers Benefit Protection Act |
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Term
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Definition
| Preferred provider organization |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act |
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Term
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Definition
| Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act |
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Term
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Definition
| A unique capability that creates high value and differentiates an organization from its competition. |
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Term
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Definition
| A person who has responsibility for performing a variety of HR activities. |
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Term
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Definition
| A person who has in-depth knowledge and expertise in a limited area of HR. |
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Term
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Definition
| The collective value of the capabilities, knowledge, skills, life experiences, and motivation of an organizational workforce. |
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Term
| Human Resource (HR) management |
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Definition
| The direction of organizational systems to ensure that human talent is used effectively and efficiently to accomplish organizational goals. |
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Term
| Human resource management system (HRMS) |
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Definition
| An integrated system providing information used by HR management in decision making. |
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Term
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Definition
| The shared values and beliefs in an organization. |
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Term
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Definition
| Comparing specific measures of performance against data on those measures in other organizations. |
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Term
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Definition
| Societal forces affecting the values, beliefs, and actions of a distinct group of people. |
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Term
| Economic value added (EVA) |
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Definition
| Net operating profit of a firm after the cost of capital is deducted. |
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Term
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Definition
| The extent to which goals have been met. |
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Term
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Definition
| The degree to which operations are done in an economical manner. |
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Term
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Definition
| Process of studying the environment of the organization to pinpoint opportunities and threats. |
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Term
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Definition
| Using information from the past and the present to identify expected future conditions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Firm that has corporate units in a number of countries that are integrated to operate worldwide. |
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Term
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Definition
| Formal research effort that evaluates the current state of HR management in an organization. |
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Term
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Definition
| Specific measures tied to HR performance indicators. |
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Term
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Definition
| Means used to anticipate and manage the supply of and demand for human resources. |
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Term
| Human resource (HR) planning |
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Definition
| Process of analyzing and identifying the need for and availability of human resources so that the organization can meet its objectives. |
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Term
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Definition
| Buying and selling goods and services with organizations in other countries. |
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Term
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Definition
| Dimension of culture that refers to the extent to which people in a country prefer to act as individuals instead of members of groups. |
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Term
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Definition
| Dimension of culture that refers to the preference of people in a country for long-term values as opposed to short-term values. |
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Term
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Definition
| Dimension of culture that refers to the degree to which “masculine” values prevail over “feminine” values. |
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Term
| Multi-national enterprise (MNE) |
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Definition
| Organization that has operating units located in foreign countries. |
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Term
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Definition
| The shared values and beliefs in an organization. |
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Term
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Definition
| Dimension of culture that refers to the inequality among the people of a nation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Measure of the quantity and quality of work done, considering the cost of the resources used. |
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Term
| Return on investment (ROI) |
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Definition
| Calculation showing the value of expenditures for HR activities. |
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Term
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Definition
| Use of employees to gain or keep a competitive advantage, resulting in greater organizational effectiveness. |
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Term
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Definition
| Process of identifying a longer-term plan for the orderly replacement of key employees. |
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Term
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Definition
| Dimension of culture that refers to the preference of people in a country for structured rather than unstructured situations. |
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Term
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Definition
| Computed by dividing the average cost of workers by their average levels of output. |
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Term
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Definition
| A survey that focuses on employees’ feelings and beliefs about their jobs and the organization. |
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Term
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Definition
| An interview in which individuals are asked to give their reasons for leaving the organization. |
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Term
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Definition
| A positive emotional state resulting from evaluating one’s job experiences. |
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Term
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Definition
| The desire within a person causing that person to act. |
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Term
| Organizational commitment |
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Definition
| The degree to which employees believe in and accept organizational goals and desire to remain with the organization. |
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Term
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Definition
| The shared values and beliefs of a workforce. |
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Term
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Definition
| The unwritten expectations employees and employers have about the nature of their work relationships. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process in which employees leave an organization and have to be replaced. |
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Term
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Definition
| Discrimination exists if the selection rate for a protected group is less than 80% (4/5ths) of the selection rate for the majority group or less than 80% of the majority group’s representation in the relevant labor market. |
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Term
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Definition
| Employers are urged to hire groups of people based on their race, age, gender, or national origin, to make up for historical discrimination. |
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Term
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Definition
| Differences among people should be ignored and everyone should be treated equally. |
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Term
| Bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ) |
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Definition
| Characteristic providing a legitimate reason why an employer can exclude persons on otherwise illegal bases of consideration. |
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Term
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Definition
| What individuals who file suit against employers must prove in order to establish that illegal discrimination has occurred. |
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Term
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Definition
| Practice necessary for safe and efficient organizational operations. |
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Term
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Definition
| Measured when an employer tests current employees and correlates the scores with their performance ratings. |
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Term
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Definition
| Validity measured by a logical, non-statistical method to identify the KSAs and other characteristics necessary to perform a job. |
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Term
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Definition
| Index number giving the relationship between a predictor and a criterion variable. |
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Term
| Criterion-related validity |
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Definition
| Validity measured by a procedure that uses a test as the predictor of how well an individual will perform on the job. |
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