Term
| In the testis, what anatomical structure contains the seminiferous tubules? |
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Definition
The lobule (The lobules are separated by septums) |
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Term
| What important process occurs in the seminiferous tubules? |
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Definition
THE MATURATION OF GERM CELLS! |
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Term
| Summarize the formation of sperm from germ cells. |
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Definition
*Happens between sertoli cells* primordial germ cells --> spermatids--> mature sperm Mature sperm is injectd into the lumen of the seminiferous tubles and collected and stored in the vas deferens. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| male germ cells in the process of maturing |
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Term
What is the cellular function of sertoli cells? |
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Definition
| Regulatory protein synthesis |
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Term
| What is the cellular function of Leydig cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does fertilization of the egg occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does the fertilized egg implant? |
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Definition
In the endometrium lining of the uterus (If fertilization does not happen, the endometrium will shed) |
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Term
According to Mikhail... Men are _______ and women are _______. |
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Definition
Simple Complicated ...Word! |
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Term
| Name the stages in egg recruitment |
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Definition
1. Primordial follicles/Oocyte (Have not even started process). 2. Primary Follicles/Oocyte (Multiple follicles start the process). 3. Secondary Follicle/Oocyte (One follicle is moving on the ovulation, others die a horrible death) 4. Ovulation |
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Term
| What is a secondary oocyte? |
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Definition
| mature female germ cell ready for ovulation and fertilization |
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Term
| What is the cellular function of theca cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the cellular function of granulosa cells? |
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Definition
| Synthesis of estrogen and progesterone |
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Term
| What is the cellular function of the corpus luteum? |
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Definition
Synthesis of progesterone and estrogen during pregnancy |
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Term
| Why do obese women sometimes have mustaches? |
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Definition
These women are over adrogenized. Mechanism: Aromatase is stored in fat-->excess fat causes excess aromatase-->aromatase converts estradiols into testosterone (MALE HORMONE!) |
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Term
| What cells secrete testosterone? |
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Definition
Leydig Cells from the testes Theca Cells from the Ovaries |
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Term
| What pituitary hormones stimulates secretion of testosterone? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two carrier proteins for Testosterone? |
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Definition
1. Steroid-binding globulin (SBG) 2. Albumin |
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Term
| What are the target tissues for testosterone? |
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Definition
Prostate Seminiferous tubules sertoli cells |
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Term
| What cells secrete estradiol? |
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Definition
Granulosa Cells and corpus luteum (ovaries) Leydig Cells (testes) Placenta |
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Term
| What hormone stimulates the release of estradiol? |
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Definition
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) |
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Term
| What are the target tissues of estradiol? |
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Definition
Mammary glands uterus ovaries |
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Term
| What cells secrete progesterone? |
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Definition
Granulosa Cells Theca cells Corpus luteum (All from Ovaries) Also some released from placenta |
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Term
| What hormones stimulate progesterone release? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the target tissues of Progesterone? |
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Definition
mammary glands uterus ovaries |
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Term
Discuss Follicle stimulating Hormone (FSH) 1. Secretion pathway 2. Target tissues 3. Physiology Actions |
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Definition
1. Gonadotropin Releasing hormone is released from hypothalamus, this stimulates release of FSH from the anterior pituitary. 2. The FSH targets the ovaries and testes 3. Stimulats ovarian follicle development and also regulates spermatogenesis in the testes. |
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Term
Discuss Lutenizing Hormone (LH) 1. Secretion pathway 2. Target tissues 3. Physiology Actions |
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Definition
1. Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone is released from the hypothalamus--> LH is secreted by the anterior pituitary. 2. Ovaries and Testies 3. Causes ovulation and the formation of corpus luteum. Stimulates ovarian estradiol and progesterone production. Stimulates testosterone production in testes. |
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Term
| Describe the role of Leydig and Sertoli cells in the male reproductive system. |
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Definition
Leydig cells LH stimulates testosterone (and some estradiol) -cAMP mechanism Sertoli Cells FSH stimulates ABG (Androgen Binding Globulin) Mediates spermatogenesis cAMP mechanism |
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Term
| Describe the role of theca and granulosa cells in the female reproductive cycle. |
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Definition
Theca Cells LH acts to stimulate production of testosterone and progesterone -cAMP mechanism. Granulosa Cells FSH acts to stimulate the production of estradiol, progesterone, and inhibin -cAMP mechanism At midcycle, FSH also stimulates production of LH, the extra LH causes production of progesterone. |
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Term
| What are the two phases of the menstral cycle? |
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Definition
Follicular Dominated by estrogen Recruitment of Dominant Follicle Stimulation of endometrial lining results in ovulation Luteal Dominated by progesterone occurs after ovulation Maturation of endometrial lining concludes with shedding of endometrium EXACTLY 14 DAYS |
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Term
| A rise in what hormone causes the menstral flow to stop? |
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Definition
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Term
During the menstral cycle, when do progesterone levels peak? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why are women "Flaming witches" when they are pregnant? |
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Definition
Estrogen levels are 10 times normal Progesterone levels are over 100 times normal |
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Term
| What is the purpose of the large ammount of HCG in a women's system early in pregnancy? |
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Definition
It sends a signal to the corpus luteum to continue making progesterone, which supports the developing fetus. Later on, the placenta takes over hormone production. |
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Term
| Describe some of the physiologic effects on cardiovasuclar, respiratory, and GI systems during pregnancy. |
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Definition
Cardiovascular- Decreased BP, increased HR, increased blood volume Respiratory- Tachypnea, increased tidal volume, reduced residual lung capacity Gastrointestinal- relaxed smooth muscle causes GERD. |
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Term
| Describe some of the physiologic effects on renal, hematologic, immunologic, and psychiatric systems during pregnancy. |
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Definition
Renal- increased urine volume, increased risk UTI Hematologic- anemia and decreased platelet func. Immunologic- increased risk of contracting infection Psychiatric- increased risk for depression, emotional lability. |
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Term
| Name some physiologic effects pregnancy has on the gingiva and periodontum. |
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Definition
Swelling and bleeding of gingiva Gingivitis Tooth loss Dry mouth Poor oral hygiene (nasea) |
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Term
| Describe Kleinfelter's Syndrome |
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Definition
XXY Karyotype 100% infertility, male, tiny balls |
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Term
| Describe McCune-Albright Syndrome |
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Definition
Aka Polyostatic fibrous dysplasia Facial and oral deformities Cafe du Lait spots Premature puberty (with menstration) Normal lifespan |
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Term
| Describe Turner's Syndrome |
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Definition
XO Karyotype 98% of fetuses abort Short stature, webbed neck lymphodema Never develop sexually -No ovaries, no menstration, no follicles |
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