Term
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Definition
| We are heterotrophs - all nutrient obtaining organisms |
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Definition
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| Carb % of our daily value |
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Definition
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| Protein % of our daily value |
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Definition
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| Lipid % of our daily value |
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Definition
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| Energy from Carb in kCal/g |
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Definition
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| Energy from Protein in kCal/g |
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Definition
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| Energy from Fat in kCal/G |
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Definition
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| Energy from Alcohol in kCal/g |
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Definition
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Definition
| (Weight x 705)/(Height(^2)) |
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| Carb digestion requires.. |
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Definition
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Definition
| in the Saliva and the small intestines |
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Definition
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| Carbs are broken down into... |
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Definition
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| Protein Digestion requires |
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Definition
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Definition
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| Proteins are broken down into... |
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Definition
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Definition
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| Triglycerides (Fat/Lipid) become... |
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Definition
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Definition
| Mushed up food in the mouth |
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Definition
| Infection of the salivary glands |
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Term
| First line of defense in your mouth |
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Definition
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| Saliva contains these 2 enzymes |
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Definition
| lysozyme (destroys bacteria) and amylase (digestion) |
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Definition
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| involuntary mouth movement |
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Definition
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| semi-digested food found in stomach |
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Definition
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Definition
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| Stomach Wall Secretes this |
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Definition
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| Contains of the Stomach (digestive properties) |
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Definition
| Mucous, Acid (HCL), Pepsinogen = protein digestion occuring |
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| Mechanical Digestion occurs |
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Definition
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| Chemical Digestion occurs |
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Definition
| Mouth and Small Intestines |
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Term
| Hormones relating to digestion |
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Definition
| Gastrin, Secretin, Intrinsic Factor, Cholecystokinin (Digestive Enzyme) |
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Term
| Intrinsic Factor is important for.. |
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Definition
| Processing B12 = for energy |
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Definition
| Stimulates liver and pancreas to produce gastric juices |
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Term
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Definition
| Stimulates pancreas to produce bicarbonate buffer |
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Term
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Definition
| Outter is supporting, Inner Muscular Layers, inner delicate mucosa |
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Term
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Definition
| "gut bag" that keeps all our GI tract in place in our body |
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Definition
| add more surface area to GI tract increasing absorption |
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Term
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Definition
| bicarbonates, amylase, insulin |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of pancreatic ducts -> pancreas can rupture |
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Definition
| bile from hemoglobin = aids in fat digestion |
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Definition
| stores bile and releases it |
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Term
| Kidneys play vital role in synthesis of... |
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Definition
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Term
| How much of the blood pumps through the kidneys |
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Definition
| 1/3 of the blood from the heart |
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Term
| Where does blood go from the kidney? |
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Definition
| blood goes through the cortex |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| where blood enters the bladder, its in the bottom, bladder extends upwards |
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Term
| Early Pregnancy Tests detects |
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Definition
| hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin detectable in blood and urine |
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Term
| if ultrafiltrate is 600 mOsmls in the middle of the descending limb what will it be at the bottom? |
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Definition
| 1200 mOsmsls it goes from 300->600->1200 (max) then begins to decrease as it ascends |
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Term
| ultrafiltrate in relativity to blood plasma |
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Definition
| ISOtonic meaning it is the same concentration of solute to solvent |
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Term
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Definition
| Anti-Diuretic Hormone controls water loss in urine when released it makes renal tube more permeable |
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Term
| Alcohol Consumption and ADH |
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Definition
| ADH is blocked during alcohol consumption which causes dehydration |
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Term
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Definition
they are water soluble and may pass through the target cells bi-layer
They bind in cytoplasm and make mRNA = proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| they are not water soluble and must use second messenger |
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Term
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Definition
| in pancreas produce insulin |
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Term
| Insulin is a response to ______ blood sugar |
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Definition
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Term
| Glucagon is a response to _______ blood sugar |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the pancreas (like insulin!) |
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Term
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Definition
| Self destructive beta cells destroyed by pancreas auto immunity disorder |
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Term
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Definition
| Insulin receptors not properly functioning |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The single gene controlling or influencing multiple (and possibly unrelated) phenotypic traits. |
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Term
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Definition
| Mixture of Alleles such as Aa or AA or aa |
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Term
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Definition
| physical expression of genotype |
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Term
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Definition
| this means it will definitely be expressed Achondroplastic dwarfism is an example of this, it is there from birth |
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Definition
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Definition
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| the default chromosome, an unfertilized egg is |
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Definition
| X chromosomes - you need at least one to survive |
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Term
| number of Autosomal chromosomes |
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Definition
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Term
| Haploid number for humans (2n) |
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Definition
| 23 haploid number sets = n we have 46 chromosomes total |
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Term
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Definition
| Genes double, conserve chromosome sets producing genetically identical cells to parents |
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Term
| Meiosis (Genetic Diversity) |
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Definition
| reduces chromosomes sets from diploid to haploid. They duplicate before they split |
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Term
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Definition
| this is important for genetic diversity - it is not random = exchange of information |
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Term
| Male and Female Egg/Sperm production |
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Definition
| females create 1 useful (zygote) of 4 total. Males create 4 useful |
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Definition
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Definition
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| Menopause and Corpus Luteum |
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Definition
| Progesterone is excessive during this time |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs outside of ova duct and in other layers of uterus |
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Term
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Definition
| Endocrine secrete internally, exocrine secret outside its own system (sweat) ***pancreas is both*** |
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Term
| Pancreas produces (3 hormones) |
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Definition
| Glucagon, Insulin and Somatostatin |
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Term
| Kidney produces (2 Hormones) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Ovaries produce (2 hormones) |
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Definition
| progesterone and estrogen |
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Term
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Definition
| CTH, TSH, FSH, LH, Prolactin, Growth Hormone (Super hormones) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Epinephrine and Norepinephrine |
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Term
| How does the hypothalamus play a roll in the endocrine system? |
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Definition
| Hypothalamus connects the nervous to the endocrine, Oxytocin and ADH are stimulated by Hypothalamus. Response to fight or flight |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What causes hyperthyroidism |
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Definition
| over production of the thyroid gland, characterized by bulging eyes |
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Term
| Does the Cortex of the Hypothalamus trigger calming or stress response? |
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Definition
| Cortex is calming = parasympathetic |
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Term
| Does the Medulla of the hypothalamus trigger calming or stress response? |
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Definition
| Medulla is stress = sympathetic |
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Term
| What does LH stimulate for males? |
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Definition
| It stimulates testosterone production |
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Term
| What does FSH do in males? |
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Definition
| It enhances sperm formation and aids spermogenisis |
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Term
| What is the most common STD |
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Definition
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Term
| What purpose do morphogens serve in development? |
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Definition
| The assist in the movement |
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Term
| What purpose do Mitogens serve in development? |
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Definition
| Mitogens aid cell division |
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Term
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Definition
| when sperm and egg fuse together |
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Term
| What will the outer cell become in development? |
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Definition
| Embryonic layer will become placenta |
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Term
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Definition
| become the embryo blastocyst -> burrows into uterine wall and becomes the placenta into uterus and moves out |
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Term
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Definition
| bands on the developing fetus at 32 days |
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Term
| What happens after 52 days of development? |
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Definition
| New genetic structure doesn't form, we are simply growing from that point forward |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Schizophrenia has been linked to be caused by this pre-birth problem... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| characterization of chromosomal complement of species, including number, form and size of chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| characterization of chromosomal complement of species, including number, form and size of chromosomes |
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Term
| What do you need to create a karyotype? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| characterization of chromosomal complement of species, including number, form and size of chromosomes |
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Term
| What do you need to create a karyotype? |
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Definition
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Term
| What creates the 3D shape of DNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| What purpose does ligase serve in genetics? |
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Definition
| it holds together nucleic strands |
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Term
| What is a vector in terms of genetics? |
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Definition
| It is a modified sequence of DNA |
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Term
| What are plasmids formed from? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| proper term for those physically born with both parts, or parts that are incorrect to the mental thoughts of the person |
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Term
| What is contact inhibition in cells? |
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Definition
| When cells are growing and come in contact they should register to stop growing |
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Term
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Definition
| They're cancerous cells that try and grab and engulf everything around them |
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Term
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Definition
| almost never curable 80% chance of death |
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Term
| Why is breast cancer so dangerous? |
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Definition
| Because cancer enters the blood stream through lymph, which is easily accessible in the breasts |
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Term
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Definition
| is the error in synthesis in cells |
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Term
| What characterizes a cancerous tumor? |
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Definition
| Abnormal cell structure, spreading, raised, not clearly defined edges |
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Term
| Conventional Cancer treatments |
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Definition
| Surger, Radiation and chemo |
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Term
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Definition
| promotes the immune response |
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Term
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Definition
| Inhibits the angiogensis because cancer needs oxygen to grow |
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Term
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Definition
| we need these for normal growth, however when they become damaged they cause cancer |
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Term
| What is known as the guardian angel gene? |
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Definition
| P53, it tells the Tumor to stop growing |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| THey are external factors that lead to cancer, such as virus, diet, industrial chemicals, radiation, obesity, diet lifestyle etc |
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Term
| Where are Parietal cells found, and what do they do? |
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Definition
| THey are found in the gastric gland, and they secrete HCL in the stomach |
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Term
| If you ingest sugar, what will happen to your insulin levels? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is severed during a vasectome? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the birth control pill inhibit the release of? |
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Definition
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Term
| How much liquid does the average person discharge in a day? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which part of the proximal convoluted tube is NOT permeable to water? |
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Definition
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Term
| Aside from Menopause, what is progesterone's function? |
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Definition
| Implantation of pregnancy |
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Term
| Corpus Luteum Secrete both: |
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Definition
| Progesterone and Estrogen |
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Term
| Where is bile produced, and what does it digest? |
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Definition
| It is formed in the liver, and aids in fat digestion |
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Term
| Cortisol is released in response to: |
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Definition
| Stress, it is anti inflammatory |
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Term
| What does the acrosome do on a sperm? |
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Definition
| IT is a digestive enzyme that depletes the outer layers of the ovum |
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Term
| What do leydig cells produce? |
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Definition
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Term
| What hormone stimulates the release of breast milk? |
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Definition
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Term
| What part of the testes are sperm produced? |
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Definition
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Term
| What hormone plays a major role in the synthesis of RBC's in the Kidney |
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Definition
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Term
| Hysterectomy is the removal of |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the glomerular filtration rate in ml/min |
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Definition
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Term
| What protects the stomach from its own acidity? |
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Definition
| Protective Mucus, quick Regeneration of cells, Pepsinogen is inactive in the stomach |
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Term
| What are differences in type I and II diabetes? |
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Definition
type 1 is childhood onset, insulin dependent, auto immune
type 2 is adult onset, insulin resistant, likely from lifestyle |
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Term
| What does the hormone Renin regulate? (cardiovascular) |
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Definition
| it regulates the vascular blood pressure, and converts angiotensin to change levels |
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Term
| Estrogen and LH levels during days 10 to 13 of menstrual cycle... |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens to body temperature after ovulation |
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Definition
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