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Human Physiology
Chapter 3 - Cell
14
Physiology
Undergraduate 2
09/11/2007

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Term
What is a cell?
Definition
-basic unit of structure&function in body
-highly organized molecular factory
*each cell maintains homeostasis
Term
3 Main Components of cells
Definition
Plasma Membrane
Cytoplasm (intersitial fluid)
Organelles
Term
Function of the Plasma Membrane
Definition
-barrier between extracellular and intracellular enviornments
-determine movement of substances into and out of the cell (semi-permeable)
-recognition of and communication with other cells
Term
Plasma Membrane composed of...(3)
Definition
*Lipids, 90-99% molecules (50% wt)
*Proteins, 1-10% molecules (50% wt)
*Carbohydrates (recognition of cell), rest, space leftover, glycolipids and glycoprotein, acts as covering
Term
Plasma Membrane:
Fluid-mosaic model
Definition
-formed by double layer of phospholipids
*shifts around
*selectively permeable
*restricts passage of polar compounds
Term
Plasma Membrane:
Purpose of Cholesterol
Definition
Stabilizes, w/o cholesterol everything could move freely
- more cholesterol=more rigid, less fluidity
Term
Plasma Membrane:
Purpose of Protein
Definition
-provide structural support
-serve as transporters, enzymes, receptors, and identity markers
Term
Plasma Membrane:
Purpose of Carbohydrates
Definition
in form of Glycoproteins and Glycolipids, part of outer surface
- polarity creates layers of water around cell
Term
Bulk Transport
Definition
way cells move large molecules and particles across plasma membrane
- some cells use Phagocytosis to take in particulate matter
ex: white blood cells and macrophages
Term
Bulk Transport:
Endocytosis
Definition
- take in large compounds
*membrane invaginates to take a vesicle of extracellular substance
~Pinocytosis is non-specific intake
Term
Bulk Transport:
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
Definition
-uses receptors to take in specific compounds
1) plasma membrane pit forming
2) membrane pouching inward
3) vesicle forming
4) vesicle inside cell
Term
Exocytosis
Definition
Vesicle
fuse w/ membrane
move out of cell
Term
Cholesterol
Definition
enters cell by receptor-mediated endocytosis
Term
Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Definition
genetic
-high blood cholesterol
-no receptors or defective receptors
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