Term
| If 30% of the air is composed of O2 at sea level where atmospheric pressure is 760 mmHg is |
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Definition
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Term
Below is a listing of nephron tubular components:
1. Descending limb of loop of henle
2. bowman's capsule
3. collecting tubule
4.ascending limb of loop of henle
5. distal tubule
6. proximal tubule
indicate the correct flow of filtrate through these structures: |
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Definition
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Term
| During which of the following would the intrapleural pressure be great enough to collapse the small bronchioles? |
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Definition
| maximal forced expiration |
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Term
| Which type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is characterized by a breakdown of alveolar walls and collapse of the smaller airways? |
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Definition
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Term
| During exercise, what happens to alveolar PO2? |
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Definition
| PO2 in alveoli equilibrates with atomospheric pressure |
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Term
| The minimum volume of air that remains in the lungs after a maximal expiration is termed: |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following statements concerning water reabsorption due to vasopressin is correct? |
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Definition
| vasopressin is released from the posterior pituitary due to activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. |
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Term
| Which of the following does not increase venous return to the heart? |
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Definition
| parasympathetic innervation to the veins. |
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Term
| Which of the following NE receptors induces bronchodilation of the air passages during sympathetic. |
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Definition
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Term
Below is a listing of vascular components in the kidneys:
1. glomerular capillaries
2. peritubular capillaries
3. afferent arterioles
4. renal artery
5. efferent arterioles
6. renal vein
Indicate the correct flow of blood through these structures: |
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Definition
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Term
| Sodium reabsorption in the distal portions of the nephron is stimulated directly by |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| at a constant temperature, the pressure exerted by a gas varies inversely with the volume of a gas. |
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Term
| Select the correct statement about veins |
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Definition
| they serve as a blood reservoir. |
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Term
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Definition
| (a), (b) and (c) are correct. |
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Term
| The steep portion of the O2-Hb saturation curve |
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Definition
| means that more oxygen will be released at the systemic capillaries in response to an increase use of skeletal muscle. |
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Term
| Afferent arteriolar vasodilation _______ blood flow into the glomerulus, which causes the glomerular-capillary blood pressure to ________, leading to a(n) _________ in the net filtration pressure and a resultant ________ in the GFR. |
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Definition
| increases, increases, increases, increases |
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Term
| What is the primary form in which CO2 is transported in the blood? |
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Definition
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Term
| When intra-alveolar pressure becomes greater than atmospheric pressure, |
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Definition
| air will flow out of the lungs. |
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Term
| Vasa recta are associated with |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is attributable to atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)? |
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Definition
| ANP is released from the cardiac atria when blood volume is increased. |
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Term
| Which of the following would contribute to keeping the alveoli open? |
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Definition
| the transmural pressure gradient. |
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Term
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Definition
| all of the above answers are correct. |
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Term
| A person who has a tidal volume of 400ml/breath, a respiratory rate of 15 breaths/minute, and an anatomical dead space volume of 100 ml will have an alveolar ventilation rate of: |
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Definition
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Term
| Select the factor in the arterial blood that has the largest direct effect on increasing the rate of respiration. |
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Definition
| Hydrogen ion concentration in the ECF (extracellular fluid) increases. |
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Term
| Which of the following is found in restrictive lung disease? |
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Definition
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Term
| Functional unit of the kidney. |
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Definition
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Term
| Tube through which urine leaves the body |
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Definition
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Term
| Supplies the renal tissue with O2 and nutrients. |
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Definition
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Term
| Carries blood from one capillary network to another capillary network. |
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Definition
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Term
| Tube that has one function in women and a dual function in men. |
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Definition
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Term
| Carries blood to the glomerulus. |
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Definition
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Term
| Muscle(s) that lift the ribs and enlarge the thoracic cavity according to the bucket handle effect. |
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Definition
| external intercostal only |
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Term
| Muscle(s) that are added for deep inspiration |
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Definition
| sterncleidomastoid and scalenus muscles only |
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Term
| muscle that is responsible for the majority of the volume change that occurs during normal inspiration |
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Definition
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Term
| muscle that is innervated by the phrenic nerve |
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Definition
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Term
| muscle(s) involved in normal inspiration |
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Definition
| diaphragm and external intercosatls muscles only |
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Term
| muscle(s) needed for deep expiration |
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Definition
| internal intercostal and abdominal muscles only |
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Term
| muscle(s) responsible for enlarging the thoracic cabity during normal inspiration |
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Definition
| diaphragm and external intercostals muscles only |
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Term
| The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the pulmonary veins ________ the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveolar sacs. |
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Definition
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Term
| The partial pressure of oxygen in the arteries _______ the partial pressure of oxygen in the veins. |
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Definition
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Term
| The partial pressure of oxygen in the atmosphere is _________ the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveolar sacs. |
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Definition
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Term
| the pressure of oxygen in the alveolar sac _______ the partial pressure of oxygen in the arterioles. |
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Definition
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Term
| The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveolar sacs ________ the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the pulmonary arteries. |
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Definition
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Term
t/f
If the body's pH becomes alkaline (pH becomes 8), H+ ions would be actively secreted into the kidney tubular system by tubular secretion. |
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Definition
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Term
t/f
The most important factor that determines the extent to which hemoglobin is saturated with oxygen is the blood PO2. |
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Definition
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Term
t/f
During respiration, the PO2 is greater in blood entering the pulmonary capillaries than in the alveoli. |
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Definition
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Term
t/f
The driving force for H2O reabsorption across all permeable segments of the kidney tubule is an osmotic gradient caused by regulation of electrolytes. |
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Definition
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Term
t/f
In obstructive lung disease, there is a significant decrease in a patient's total lung capacity (TLC) as well as a decrease in the vital capacity (VC). |
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Definition
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Term
t/f
Chemoreceptors in the CNS that regulate breathing rates are directly sensitive to the carbon dioxide levels that diffuse into the brain stem through the cerebrospinal fluid. |
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Definition
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Term
t/f
If there is an increase of blood pressure, the afferent arterials will constrict to reduce blood flow to the glomerular capillaries to keep the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) constant. |
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Definition
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