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Human Origins: Some Exam Questions
Human Origins as taught by Jenny Campbell at SLCC
11
Anthropology
Undergraduate 1
05/05/2014

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Cards

Term
3 Hypothesis for Primate Culture
Definition
Arboreal: Had adaptation for life in the trees. Prehensile hands & feet.
Visual Predation: Primates as arboreal predators. Binocular steroscopic vision (forward facing eyes.)
Angiosperm Radiation: flowering or fruiting. Color vision to exploit fruits/flowers (calorically dense, less work.)
Term
Examples of Primate Culture
Definition
Social transmission of ideas and behaviors. Many believe culture is just in humans. Chimps raiding behavior. Japanese Macaques sweet potato washing. Capuchins using stone tools, etc.
Term
5 anatomical changes associated with bipedalism
Definition
Foreman Magnum Placement: Big hole at bottom of skull
Quadrupeds: Foreman Magnum angled towards back of cranium. Gradual contiguous, smooth curved Spine.
Bipeds: Foreman Magnum perpendicular to ground, central "S" curved spine to bear weight (we kept top curve, but bottom curve is new.) Feet: Arch (Shock absorber,) Non-divergent big toe
Hip Bones: Ossa Coxae, Illium, Ischium
Knock-Kneed: Longer legs than arms, Helps with bearing weight, Tendency towards longer legs than arms (Not all hominin species)
Term
3 Key Components of Natural Selection
Definition
Variation within the trait (Chicken comb varies)
Heritability of the trait (You have to be able to pass it on - has to be in your DNA)
Differential Fitness conferred by the trait (has to give you a competitive advantage over other individuals of the same species)
Term
Advantages of Bipedalism
Definition
Hands free to carry objects (and babies)
Wide view of terrain (Open environments - evolution ocurred in an open savanah. Look for threats, food, etc.)
Conservation of energy (more efficient, travel long distances)
Term
Example of Natural Selection in Action
Definition
Predation, access to resources, and climate. Rock Pocket Mouse (Valley of Fire): Mice evolved to be as dark (phenotype) as a rock/lava (change in habitat) to survive from predators (selective pressures.)
Term
OLDOWAN Tools
Definition
Homo habilis. Key innovation is the technique of chipping stones to create a chopping or cutting edge.
Term
ACHEULEAN Tools
Definition
Homo erectus. Key innovations are (1) chipping the stone from both sides to produce a symmetrical (bifacial) cutting edge, (2) the shaping of an entire stone into a recognizable and repeated tool form, and (3) variation in the tool forms for different tool uses.
Term
MOUSTERIAN Tools
Definition
Homo neanderthalensis. Tools were combined with other components (handles, spear shafts) and used in wider applications (dressing hides, shaping wood tools, hunting large game)
Term
UPPER PALEOLITHIC Tools
Definition
Homo sapiens (Cro Magnon.) This toolmaking culture shows a remarkable proliferation of tool forms, tool materials, and much greater complexity of toolmaking techniques.
Term
Hominid Timeline
Definition
Sahelathropus 7mya, Kenyanthropus 4.4mya, Australopithecus Afarensis 3.9mya, H. Habilis 2.3mya, H. Erectus 1.7mya, H. Heidelbergensis 780kya, H. Neanderthalensis 200kya, H. Sapiens 130kya
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