Term
|
Definition
known in asia
2mya
compromised from sinanthropus and pithecanthropus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
coined the term pithecanthropus
aka missing link |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inspired Haeckel to find missing link
found anthropithecus erectus (pithecanthropus)
found cranium and femur in Java |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sinthantropus pekinensi
chinese fossil from peking |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Antrhopithecus erectus
Dubois found it
farmers broke fossils for money
found Sangiran 17, 27, 31
meganthropus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Founded by Black
Long-low thick boned skull
brain inbetween ape and human
Zhoukoudian |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sinthanthropus found here |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Nariokotome (W Lake Turkana)
KNM-WT 15000
1.6mya
enabled assessment of overall body proportions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
E lake turkana
oldest most complete specimens
KNMER-3733
ergaster
turkana boy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
homh erectus specimens
robust, large brained
OH 9
1.2mya, but prob younger |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
KNM-ER 3733 and 3883
named this only in Africa while erectus is asian |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Smaller than modern human
21 month gestation
baby brain 1/3 of adult
longer childhood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
olduvai gorge 1.2 mya
oldest 1.4mya |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 200kya in europe and africa |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
700kya, S of Kenya
Louis and MAry Leaky
Hundreds of handaxes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
distribution of biface and non-biface achulean tools
Midlin in india
West is bi, east is non |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
2.6mya-100kya
Neanderthal, Homo sapiens, earliest evidence of behavioral modernity (art and burials, cooking)
migration beyond africa 300-30kya |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
50-10kya
fully dev'd language |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
upper paleolithic
35-29kya |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
upper paleolithic
32-26kya
red ochre rock art
tools by modern homo sapiens (blade based) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
upper paleolithic
28-22kya
earliest 'art' (carved figurines, fired clay) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
upper paleolithic
21-17kya
Finely worked 'laurel leaf' tools
Magdalenian also used these tools
scrapers, burins (chisel), awls (drill/needle), & blade |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
upper paleolithic
18-10kya
cave paintings and human form carvings
used laurel leaf tools as well as Solutrean |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Leaf points
microliths (barbed spears)
blades
burin (chisels and engravers)
awls (needles and drill) |
|
|
Term
| Percussion fractures on bone |
|
Definition
| striking marks on bone indicate blunt object force |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a bony ridge formed by a thickening of bone along the top of the skull; characteristic of H. erectus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| line between indonesia and Australia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
chars (low round skull; smaller face, chin; short clavicles; short, wide, rib cage; shorter arms and legs; flaring pelvic bowl)
Asian (all faces missing)
350-130kya
1100cc
Asian chars (large brow ridges; low rounded skull; robust crania; brain size inbetween erectus and sapiens) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
homo neanderthalensis (rich fossil record; 300-28kya; locations in Euro, SW and C Asia; 1300-1700cc brain)
cranial chars (large nasal openings; slight prognathism; large front teeth; high, rounded orbits, double arched browridges; weak chin, occipital bun; long, low and wide skull, low forehead)
most studied fossil hominids in the world |
|
|
Term
| Multiregional Continuity Model |
|
Definition
Milford Walpoff
homo erectus evolves directly into homo sapiens
population have traits reflecting local adapts to particualr regions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Louis Leaky
strictly African origin for modern humans
African hominins replaced existing pops
asian homo erectus are dead-ends |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Chris Stringer, Peter Andrews
modern human evolved from african groups (150-200kya)
migration replacement of late archaic and netherlands
modern human variation relatively new (40kya) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
W Euro
ancestor to neanderthal and modern human?
800kya
Spain and Italy
1200cc
Chars (thick cranial bones; large brow ridges; increased height; smaller molar teeth; high protein diet; 100-130lbs) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
possible ancestor to neanderthal?
500-130kya
Spain, Greece, Germany, France, England
1200cc
Chars (large brow ridges; large nasal opening; more gracile crania some prognathism; mandible and postcranial fossils; heavily worn front teeth 'tool use', more 'modern' appearance) |
|
|
Term
| Homo Heidelbergensis African |
|
Definition
'broken hill' or 'Rhodesian Man'
350-200kya
Kabwe, Zambia; S Africa, Ethiopia, Tanzania
1300cc
chars (long brow ridges; small cranial muscle attachments; smaller teeth; likey ancestor of sapiens and neanderthalensis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sima de los Huesos and Galeria Cave
found stone tools and human and animal remains |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
postcranial chars
heavily built vertebral column
wide stocky body
short arms and legs
robust humeri, femora with thick cortical bone
short strong tibiae
large, thick kneecaps
very robust strong bodies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
stubby and wide
allows lots of oxygen |
|
|
Term
| Neanderthal Birth and Dev |
|
Definition
1 week old found in Russia
brain at birth - 400cc
modern human - 370cc |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
hyoid from Kebara, Isreal
hyoid above larynx but too low on neck to make same sounds, could use some sort of language |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
more sophisticated tools
shelters
clothing
fire
skilledh unters
symbolic behaviors
burials
Diet- maximum carnivore |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
used anima bone to create human face
shoved flint flakes through holes in faces |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
raw material: flint core
small flakes remove from edge
small flakes remove from surface
heavy blow on prepared core to remove large flake
convex/flat side on flake
can be used as is to to produce smaller tools |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
industry
char'd by prepared archaic and neanderthals
middle paleolithic material culture (300-30kya) |
|
|
Term
| La Chapelle-aux-Saints, France |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Evidence of butchery and cannibalism on all 6 individuals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
modern reconstruct of neanderthal from Shanidar cave
80-60kya
missing right arm
showed signs of care from social group |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
60kya
most complete neanderthal skeleton
preserved hyoid
very robust skel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ancient DNA Multiregional |
|
Definition
nuclear DNA shows extensive gene flow between pools
variance between humans and neanderthals less than those between chimp species |
|
|
Term
| Ancient DNA complete replacement |
|
Definition
mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosom support african origin
nDNA inconsistent with complete replacement
neanderthals are seperate species |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the' Hobbit'
95-17kya
Indonesia
Liang Bua Cave, Flores
400cc
chars (slight brow ridge; smaller skeleton than H erectus;possibly lived from 800-18kya) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Early modern skulls Herto |
|
Definition
160-154kya
1st early modern human
tall braincase
vertical forehead
small brow ridges
little prognathism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Earliest evidence of modern anatomy
200-6kya
Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan, Egypt, S Africa
1450cc
chars (vertical forehead; smaller brow ridges; little prognathism; prominent chin) |
|
|
Term
| Klaises river mouth caves |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Early Moderns Asia (West) |
|
Definition
contemporaneous with late archaic
warm (interglacial) diaspora
double burial in Skhul cave
110-40kya
Isreal
1400-1500cc |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
features seen in modern living pops
Tianyuan cave, Upper cave, Minatogawa
65-18kya
China, Japan
1425cc |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
strong similarity to modern indigenous pop
mtDNA lineage extinct
Lake mungo (burials)
60-9kya |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
contemporaneous with late archaic
warm climate adapts
Dolni Vestonice, Czech
27kya
triple burial (face down, on side, facing- up)
40-15kya
1500-1600cc |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Portugal
25kya
modern human and neanderthal hybrid? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ardeche valley, France
Cosquer cave, France
Chauvet Cave, France |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
clay bison
Le Tuc d'Audobert, France
Venus with horns
Laussel, France |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
no evidence of humans in America before 12-13kya
humans crossed beringia and major ice sheets during last glacial maximum to follow animals
rapid expansion of the Americas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
humans came in many migrations, since 20kya
smaller groups than clovis culture
largely wood and bone tools
recent finds predate clovis culture
Meadowcraft rock shelter, pennsylvania (20kya) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 'firsts' associated with Homo ergaster/erectus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the pattern of dispersal of the genus Homo out of Africa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Did early hominins acquire meat, and if so, how? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the chronological pattern for the appearance of modern humans in the fossil record from around the world? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is there evidence for regional continuity in east Africa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| did Neanderthals & modern humans coexist in the Middle East? If so, Whats is the evidence? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Did Neanderthals and modern humans exist in Europe? if so, what the the evidence? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the basis for the African Eve hypothesis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Waht is the evidence for human diversity based on mitochondrial DNA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is there evidence for gradual transition to modern behavior in Africa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When were the Americas colonized? was it a single dispersal or multiple? evidence? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how different are hunter-gatherers and agriculturalists? what is sedenstism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are biological consequences of agriculture |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| are modern humans still evolving? |
|
Definition
|
|
