Term
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Definition
| physiological state that results when not enough food is eaten to meet energy needs |
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Term
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Definition
| condition of impaired development or function caused by deficiency or excess |
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Term
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Definition
| failing health that results from LONGSTANDING DIETARY INTAKE THAT IS NOT ENOUGH TO MEET NUTRITIONAL NEEDS |
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Term
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Definition
| excess amount of food leading to over consumption of calories and/or nutrients and health concerns |
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Term
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Definition
| condition of anxiety about running out of food or money to buy food (1 billion); condition in which the quality, variety, and/or desirability of the diet is reduced and there is DIFFICULTY PROVIDING food for everyone in the household |
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Term
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Definition
| extreme shortage of food leading to massive starvation in a population |
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Term
1. Iron
2. Vitamin A
3. Various B vitamins
4. Zinc
5. Iodide |
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Definition
| what are 5 common micronutrient deficiences? |
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Term
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Definition
| what is the cause of an iron deficiency? |
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Term
xerophthlamia (blindness)
500,000 preschool-age children each year |
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Definition
| what is deficiency disease associated with vitamin A? |
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Term
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Definition
| what is a deficiency disease of niacin? |
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Term
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Definition
| what is a deficiency disease associated with thiamin? |
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Term
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Definition
| what is a deficiency disease associated with folate? |
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Term
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Definition
| what is a deficiency disease associated with Vitamin D? |
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Term
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Definition
| what is a deficiency disease associated with Vitamin C? |
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Term
| goiter (enlarged thyroid) |
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Definition
| what is a deficiency disease associated with iodide? |
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Term
| ariboflavinosis (inflammation of the tongue, mouth, etc..) |
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Definition
| what is the deficiency disease associated with riboflavin? |
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Term
1. crop failure
2. bad weather
3. war/political unrest |
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Definition
| what are 3 causes of famine? |
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Term
| large population and low food supply |
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Definition
| what is the primary cause of undernutrition? |
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Term
1. may affect reproductive capacity
2. weakened immune system
3. low physical and mental capacity
4. depressed lab values
5. combination of micronutrient deficiencies
6. weight loss
7. fatigue, muscle soreness, irritability, hunger pains
8. poor concentration and lack of ambition
9. decreased heart rate and muscle tone
10. birth size, length of gestation, intellectual development |
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Definition
| what are 10 general effects of starvation? |
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Term
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Definition
| at which stages of the life cycle is undernutrition especially damaging? |
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Term
choice between food, rent, or heat
Unemployment, medical, housing expenses, holiday shopping, cause a household to be hungry or food insecure
More related to POLITICS AND SOCIOECONOMIC TRENDS than scarcity of food |
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Definition
| what factors influence the presence of poverty, homelessness, and undernutrition in the U.S.? |
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Term
1. school lunch program
2. food stamp program for low income-now its Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)
3. School breakfast program provides meals free or reduced cost
4. the Recovery Act 2009 increased a variety of food benefits and services
5. Charitable donations
6. Elderly Nutrition Services
7. Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) |
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Definition
| what are the primary food assistance programs established in the united states? |
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Term
1. divorce
2. death
3. disease
4. downsized
5. disabled
6. disasters
7. debt
(7 D's of poverty)
8. overabundance of unskilled workers
9. low-paying service jobs
10. increase in number of single parent families
11. mass lay-offs/unemployment
12. access to healthy food
13. homelessness |
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Definition
| what are 13 factors that influence the presence of poverty, homelessness, and undernutrition in the U.S.? |
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Term
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Definition
| challenging in low-income areas lacking stores selling affordable, heathy food |
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Term
1. high cost of housing
2. subsidies for housing decreased
3. low income families likely to spend more than half their income for rent
4. release of mentally ill patients
5. alcohol/drug abuse |
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Definition
| what are another 5 reasons for factors that influence the presence of poverty, homelessness, and undernutrition in the U.S.? |
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Term
| extreme imbalances in ACCESS TO FOOD |
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Definition
| what is the general population to food ratio? |
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Term
1. AIDS
2. rapid depletion of natural resources, such as farmland, fish, and water
3. poor infrastructure
4. high external (foreign) debt
5. extreme imbalances in the food/population ratio
6. war and political/civil unrest |
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Definition
| why does undernutrition continue despite adequate food resources? |
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Term
| false-- more of a problem of food distribution than food production |
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Definition
True or False:
there is more of a problem with food production than there is with food distribution |
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Term
1. increase in global military spending
2. civil disruptions and war-- contributes to undernutrition by destroying food production and infrastructure
3. political division which impede distribution of food |
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Definition
| how have war and declines in natural resources contributed to undernutrition in developing countries? |
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Term
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Definition
| this refers to increases in crop yields that accompanied the introduction of new agricultural technologies in less-developed countries, beginning in the 1960s. The key technologies were high-yielding, disease resistant strains of rice, wheat, and corn; greater use of fertilizer and water; and improved cultivation practices |
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Term
1. increased infections
2. migration to cities
3. unsafe water supply
4. lack improved sanitation facilities
5. subsist on meager diets due to lack of funds
6. lack of adequate food storage facilities
7. greatest effect on infants and children |
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Definition
| what effects have overpopulation and increased urbanization had on nutrition and disease risk? |
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Term
| promotes safe hygiene practices-less illnesses and diseases; decreases risk of infection |
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Definition
| how does a safe water supply support nutritional health? |
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Term
virus is transmitted via contact with bodily fluids
--nutrition cannot prevent or cure HIV and AIDS; low V.A, E brings quicker onset of symptoms; use of balanced vitamins and mineral supplements slows decline; HIV positive children require 10% greater enery intake than non-HIV |
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Definition
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Term
1. direct food aid
2. improving infrastructure for poor, especially rural poor
3. United Nations- Millennium Development Goals
4. 8 MDGs, is an international agreement |
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Definition
| what are 4 strategies currently being used to address the problem of undernutrition in developing countries? |
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Term
1. increase economic opportunities for women
2. gender and development (GAD) approach
3. supplement indigenous foods with nutrients
4. promote extensive land-ownership
5. raise economic status through employment |
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Definition
| why is it important to work locally with populations? |
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Term
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Definition
| agricultural system that provides a secure living for farm families; maintains the natural environment and resources; supports the rural community; and offers respect and fair treatment to all involved, from farm workers to consumers to the animals raised for food |
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Term
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Definition
| economoic growth that simultaneously reduces poverty, protects environment, preserves natural capital |
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Term
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Definition
| manipulation of the genetic makeup of any organism with recombinant DNA technology |
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Term
recombinant DNA technology--allows access to a wider gene pool, and it permits faster and more accurate production of new and more useful microbial, plant, and animal species
FDA confident approved varieties of genetically engineered foods are safe to consume, no labeling |
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Definition
| why would genetic engineering be used? is it safe according to the FDA? |
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Term
1. poor growth and development
2. Pre-term delivery (immature lungs and weakened immune system)
3. long-term health problems
4. increased health care costs |
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Definition
| what are 4 effects of malnutrition during the fetal and infant stages? |
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Term
| fetal and infant stages, childhood, and elderly (65+) |
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Definition
| what life stages are most affected by malnutrition? |
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Term
1. permanent brain impairment
2. stunted growth
3. impaired motor skills
4. iron deficiency anemia |
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Definition
| describe the effects of malnutrition during the childhood stage |
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Term
1. lower resistance to infection
2. many forced to choose between medication or food because many are on fixed incomes |
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Definition
| describe the effects of malnutrition in the elderly (65+) |
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