Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Human Nutrition- Chapter 7
Metabolism: Transformations and Interactions
25
Chemistry
Undergraduate 2
05/04/2009

Additional Chemistry Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Photosynthesis
Definition

The process by which green plants use the sun's energy to make carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water.

 

  • Photo= light
  • Synthesis= put together (making)

 

Term
Fuel
Definition
Compounds that cells can use for energy. The major fuels include glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids; other fules include ketone bodies, lactate, glycerol, and alcohol.
Term
Metabolism
Definition

The sum total of all the chemical reactions that go on in living cells. Energy metabolism includes all the reactions by which the body obtains and expends the energy from food.

 

  • metaballein= change
Term
Anabolism
Definition

Reactions in which small molecules are put together to build larger ones. Anabolic reactions require energy.

 

  • Ana= up
Term
Catabolism
Definition

Reactions in which large molecules are broken down to smaller ones. Catabolic reactions release energy.

 

  • kata= down
Term
ATP or adenosine triphosphate
Definition
A common high energy compound composed of a purine (adenine), a sugar (ribose), and three phosphate groups.
Term
Coupled reactions
Definition
Pairs of chemical reactions in which some of the energy released from the breakdown of one compound is used to create a bond in the formation of another compound.
Term
Coenzymes
Definition

Complex organic molecules that work with enzymes to facilitate the enztmes' activity. Many coenzymes have B vitamins as part of their structures.

 

  • co= with
Term
Pyruvate
Definition
A 3 carbon compound that plays a key role in energy metabolism.
Term
acetyl CoA
Definition
A 2 carbon compound (acetate or acetic acid) to which a molecule of CoA is attached.
Term
CoA
Definition
Coenzyme A; the coenzyme derived from the B vitamin pantothenic acid and central to energy metabolism.
Term
TCA cycle or tricarbozylic acid cycle
Definition
A series of metabolis reactions that break down molecules of CoA to carbon dioxide and hydrogen atoms; also called the Kreb's cycle afert the biochemist who elucidated its reactions.
Term
Electron transport chain
Definition
The final pathway in energy metabolism that transports electrons from hydrogen to oxygen and captures the energy released in the bonds of ATP.
Term
Glycolysis
Definition

The metabolic breakdown of glucose to pyruvate. Glycolysis does not require oxygen.

 

  • glyco= glucose
  • lysis- breakdown
Term
Anaerobic
Definition

Not requiring oxygen.

 

  • an= not
Term
Aerobic
Definition
Requiring oxygen.
Term
Mitochondria
Definition

The cellular organelles responsible for producing ATP; made of membranes (lipid and protein) with enzymes mounted on them.

 

  • mitos= thread (referring to their slender shape)
  • chondros= cartilage (referring to their external appearance)
Term
Lactate
Definition
A 3 carbon compound produced from pyruvate during anaerobic metabolism.
Term
Cori cycle
Definition
The path from muscle glycogen to pyruvate to lactate (which travels to the liver) to glucose (which can travel back to the muscle) to glycogen; named for the scientist who elucidated this pathway.
Term
Keto acid
Definition
An organic acid that contains a carbonyl group.
Term
Ammonia
Definition
A compound with the chemical formula NH3; produced during the deamination of amino acids.
Term
Transanimation
Definition
The transfer of an amino acid group from one amino acid to a keto acid, producing a new nonessential amino acid and a new keto acid.
Term
Urea
Definition
The principal nitrogen-excretion product of protein metabolism. Two ammonia fragments are combined with carbon dioxide to form urea.
Term
Oxaloacetate
Definition
A carbogydrate intermediate of the TCA cycle.
Supporting users have an ad free experience!