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Definition
| The ability to control when and how emotions are expressed. |
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| Erikson's third psychosocial crisis, in which children undertake new skills and activities and feel guilty when they do not succeed at them. |
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| A person's evaluation of his or her own worth, either in specifics (e.g., intelligence, attractiveness) or in general. |
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| A person's understanding of who he or she is, incorporating self-esteem, physical appearance, personality, and various personal traits, such as gender and size. |
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| A drive, or reason to pursue a goal, that comes from inside a person, such as the need to feel smart or competent. |
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| A drive, or reason to pursue a goal, that arises from the need to have one's achievements rewarded from outside, perhaps by receiving material possessions or another person's esteem. |
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| Difficulty with emotional regulation that involves expressing powerful feelings through uncontrolled physical or verbal outbursts, as by lashing out at other people or breaking things. |
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Definition
| Difficulty with emotional regulation that involves turning one's emotional distress inward, as by feeling excessively guilty, ashamed, or worthless. |
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Definition
| Pretend play in which children act out various roles and themes in stories that they create. |
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Definition
| Play that mimics aggression through wrestling, chasing, or hitting, but in which there is no intent to harm. |
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Definition
| An approach to child rearing that is characterized by high behavioral standards, strict punishment of misconduct, and little communication. |
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Definition
| An approach to child rearing that is characterized by high nurturance and communication but little discipline, guidance, or control. |
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Definition
| An approach to child rearing in which the parents set limits and enforce rules but are flexible and listen to their children. |
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Term
| neglectful/uninvolved parenting |
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Definition
| An approach to child rearing in which the parents are indifferent toward their children and unaware of what is going on in their children's lives. |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability to understand the emotions and concerns of another person, especially when they differ from one's own. |
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Term
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Definition
| Feelings of dislike or even hatred for another person. |
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Term
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Definition
| Actions that are deliberately hurtful or destructive to another person. |
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Definition
| Hurtful behavior that is intended to get something that another person has and to keep it. |
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Definition
| An impulsive retaliation for another person's intentional or accidental action, verbal or physical. |
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Definition
| Nonphysical acts, such as insults or social rejection, aimed at harming the social connection between the victim and other people. |
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Term
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Definition
| Unprovoked, repeated physical or verbal attack, especially on victims who are unlikely to defend themselves. |
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Definition
| A disciplinary technique that involves threatening to withdraw love and support and that relies on a child's feelings of guilt and gratitude to the parents. |
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Term
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Definition
| A disciplinary technique in which a child is separated from other people and activities for a specified time. |
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Term
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Definition
| Biological differences between males and females, in organs, hormones, and body shape. |
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Term
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Definition
| Differences in the roles and behaviors that are prescribed by a culture for males and females. |
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Term
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Definition
| Freud's third stage of development, when the penis becomes the focus of concern and pleasure. |
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Term
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Definition
| The unconscious desire of young boys to replace their fathers and win their mothers' exclusive love. |
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Definition
| In psychoanalytic theory, the judgmental part of the personality that internalizes the moral standards of the parents. |
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Term
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Definition
| The unconscious desire of girls to replace their mothers and win their fathers' exclusive love. |
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Term
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Definition
| An attempt to defend one's self-concept by taking on the behaviors and attitudes of someone else. |
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Term
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Definition
| A child's cognitive concept or general belief about sex differences, which is based on his or her observations and experiences. |
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Term
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Definition
| A balance within one person of traditionally masculine and feminine psychological characteristics. |
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