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Definition
| The pattern of change that begins at conception and continues through the life-span. It involves growth and decline brought on by aging and dying. |
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| Sociocultural contexts and diversity |
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Definition
Culture
Ethnicity
Socioeconomic Status
Gender |
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Definition
| Past on from generation to generation |
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Definition
| Cultural heritage, nationality, race, and relgion and language |
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Definition
| Occupational, educational, and economical characteristics. |
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Definition
| Male, female, and other (intersex, transgender, gender-less) |
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Term
| Development is influenced by |
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Definition
| biological, cognitive, and socioemotional influences |
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Term
| socioemotioanl development |
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Definition
| relations with others, emotionality |
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| Development: nature versus nurture |
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Definition
| Nature and nurture play a role in development |
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Definition
| Theories attempt to explain behavior and then make predictions about that behavior |
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Definition
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| Freud's psychoanalitic theory: |
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Definition
| Psychosexual stages of development |
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| Erikson's psychosocial stages of development |
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Definition
| psychosocial stages of development (the stuff you did the paper on) |
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Definition
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| Piaget's cognitive theory |
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Definition
| Cognitive development theory - all children develop in four stages |
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| Vygotsky's Cognitive theory |
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Definition
| Sociocultural cognitive theory - social interaction and culture guide development |
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Definition
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| Lorenz's ethological theories |
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Definition
| Research with geese and imprinting |
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| Bowlby's ethological theories |
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Definition
| Attachment to caregiver in teh first year of life has profound impact on development |
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Definition
| Bronfenbrenner's environmental systems theory |
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| Brofenbrenner's evironmental systems theory |
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Definition
| development is influence by various environmental systems (home, school, etc.) Developed the head start program. |
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Definition
| describes the strenght of a relationship between variables and behavior |
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Definition
| uses experimental groups and control groups and measures the difference between them concerning a specific variable |
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Definition
| a group that represents the whole population |
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| randomly selecting a sample |
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Definition
| a sample from the population, don't pick and choose |
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Definition
| testing different ages groups at the same time |
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Definition
| testing the same group of people over many years |
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Definition
| studies the influence of genes and environment on individual differences of people |
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Term
| behavioral geneticisits use scietific research |
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Definition
| twin studies and adoption studies |
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Definition
| compare adopted child's behavior with behavior of biological parents and adoptive parents |
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Definition
| Minnesota study fo twins reared apart |
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Term
| Epigenetic view of hereditary environmental corrlational |
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Definition
| epigenetic view: bidirectional influence between heredity and environment |
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Term
| the egg is receptive for ____ hours |
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Definition
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Term
| Sperm can survive for _____ days |
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Definition
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Term
| Newborns are born with _________ neurons |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Forming new connections at the synapses between the neurons in teh brain. This is a lifelong process |
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Term
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Definition
| Speeds up transmission of neural signals. Completed in early twenties |
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Term
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Definition
Put infant to sleep on back
give pacifier before sleeping
breastfeed
no exposure to second-hand smoke or maternal smoking
don't share the same bed as the infant
have a fan running in the infant's bedroom |
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Term
| Piaget's theory of infant development |
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Definition
| The way biology and experience construct the cognitive development of children. Children actively construct their own knowledge of teh world. |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| Look for an object in the first hiding plac,e, not in the second) |
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Term
| Developmental cognitve neuroscience |
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Definition
| Study of connections between brain, cognition and development. Says infants can do things before Piaget said they could |
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Term
| Should you sooth an infant? |
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Definition
| Yes. Soothing consistently in the first year is for the best |
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Term
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Definition
| Babies want to be close to their mom because she gives the reward of food. No study of feelings |
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Term
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Definition
| Having a close attachment in the first year is crucial to development of close relationships later in life. Close attachment is formed when the caregiver responds consistently and sensitively to the child in the first year. |
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Term
| t/f: Synaptogenesis continues through childhood |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| thinking that everybody sees things from the same perspective as you |
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Definition
| mentally representing objects that are not present |
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Definition
| humans make everything in nature "daddy can turn off them moon" |
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Definition
| somebody changes as their appearance changes |
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Term
| vygotsky's theory about ZPD: |
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Definition
| educators can influence mental growth, children do not have to wiat to grow into a skill by themselves. |
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Term
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Definition
| step by step teaching a new skill on a child's level. don't do it for them (no "spoon feeding", help them do it themselves |
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Term
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Definition
| the understanding that we live in different heads. other people have differnet thoughts than us. Measured with false belief task |
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Term
| discipline environment fit |
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Definition
certain environments need stricter discipline (authoritarian style) for children to succeed.
Namely, collectivist and dangerous places |
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Term
| reasons to avoid spanking |
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Definition
modeling aggressive behavior
fear of parent
tells children what not to do, what they should do
might lead to abuse |
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Term
| children of divorced families |
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Definition
| During the divorce parents are disorganized and parenting becomes worse. After a while parenting will go back to normal |
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Term
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Definition
| Less time for play and more emphasis on academics hinders cognitive and socioemotional development |
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Term
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Definition
| Starts in first 3 years of life, problems in social relationships and communication, restrictive repetitive behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| Mild autism spectrum disorder, restricted range of interests and relationships |
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Term
| sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence |
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Definition
Three types of intelligence:
Analytic:
Standard IQ tests measure this
Creative:
Think ‘outside the box’,creativity
Practical:
Put ideas into practice, common sense |
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Term
| Gardner's eight frames of intelligence |
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Definition
Verbal
Mathematical
Interpersonal (relationships)
Intrapersonal (know self)
Spatial (use space)
Musical
Kinesthetic (use of body)
Naturalist (use of nature) |
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Term
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Definition
| may be an accurate reflection of one’s shortcomings or a distorted image of the self with a sense of inferiority to others |
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Term
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Definition
| can be justified by success and accomplishments or it can be an arrogant, grandiose sense of superiority over others |
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Term
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Definition
| an overall evaluation of self-worth |
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Definition
| A time of evaluation, decision making and finding a place in the world. |
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Term
| For adolescents to reach their full potential, they need ______ and ______________ from adults who care about them |
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Definition
| opportunities; long-term support |
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Term
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Definition
| 9-15 - begins puberty - ovulation starts 1-2 years later |
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Term
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Definition
| boy's first ejaculation with live sperm (15) ejaculation without live sperm from 13-14 |
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Term
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Definition
| declining age of menarche |
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Term
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Definition
| Emotions and experience of rewards. Matured at beginning of adolescence |
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Term
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Definition
| Self-control, planning and reasoning. Matured around age 18-25 |
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Term
| Elkind's adolescent egocentrism |
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Definition
| High self-consciousness, very sensitivity to what other people think of them |
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Term
| Elkind's imaginary audience |
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Definition
| the young teacher's belief that everyone is watching everything they do |
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Term
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Definition
| Young teenagers feel they are invincible (‘it cannot happen to me’) and that their life is completely unique |
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Term
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Definition
Poor family relationships
Alienated from parents
No parental monitoring
No authoritative parenting
Having delinquent friends
Prior emotion-regulation problems |
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Term
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Definition
missing school/school work
-drinking and driving
-unprotected sex
-rape
-one in nine binge drinkers will become alcoholic |
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Term
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Definition
| Intimacy and commitment and passion |
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Definition
| Intimacy and commitment, low on passion |
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Definition
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Term
Warner Schaie:
Seattle Longitudinal Study |
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Definition
| Effects of aging on intelligence, midlife is the time of peak performance in many intellectual skills |
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Term
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Definition
| Finding meaning in life through nurturing the next generation. Leads to more eudaimonic happiness |
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Term
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Definition
| Qualitative research on midlife: in-depth interviews with 40 men and biographic information from famous men. |
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Term
| Vaillant (the Grant Study): |
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Definition
| Quantitative research on 268 men, longitudinally studied over 75 years and ongoing |
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Term
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Definition
| “warmth of relationships has the greatest positive impact on life satisfaction” |
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Term
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Definition
| Most research and developmental experts say that midlife is NOT a crisis for the majority of people! |
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Term
| Shrinking and slowing of brain in aging |
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Definition
-shrinkage of neurons
-lower number of synapses
-shorter axons
-reduced myelination |
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Term
| aging: pre-frontal cortex |
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Definition
| shows most decline (complex reasoning, working memory) |
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Term
| Keeping the aging brain healthy |
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Definition
| Exercise and cognitive (intellectual) challenges slow the aging process of the brain! |
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Term
| _____ in old age are positively related to health in old age. |
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Definition
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Term
| medical science's effect on aging |
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Definition
We live a lot longer
We die a lot slower
We die out of sight in hospitals or nursing homes |
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Term
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Definition
| Neurological definition of death. No brain activity seen on EEG (see American Academy of Neurology Guidelines for Brain Death Determination) |
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Term
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Definition
Withholding potentially life-saving interventions.
Legal with advance directives |
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Term
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Definition
| A deliberate medical intervention that helps a patient die. Legal only in The Netherlands, Belgium Luxemburg and Colom |
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Term
| physician-assisted suicide |
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Definition
| The physician can prescribe medications that the patient can take to end their life. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any written document with regard to life-prolonging treatment when irretrievably ill and cannot communicate their wishes |
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Term
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Definition
Living will
Durable power of attorney for health care
Do not resuscitate order (DNR)
Do not hospitalize order (DNH)
POLST: new, more specific advance directive |
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Term
| Kubler Ross' Stage theory of dying |
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Definition
Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Depression
Acceptance
Not everybody goes through these stag |
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Term
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Definition
| Finding ways to stay connected to a loved one who has passed. |
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