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Human Growth and Development
Test One
42
Education
Undergraduate 2
02/16/2011

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Term
child development
Definition
Changes in physical, social, emotional, and intellectual development from the ages of conception to adolescence
Term
Physical development
Definition
growth and change in a persons body and bodily functions
Term
cognitive development
Definition
development of mental processes used to process information, grown awareness, solve problems, and gain knowledge
Term
social/emotional development
Definition
development of processes related to interactions with other people
Term
Developmental domains
Definition
physical, cognitive, and social/emotional development
Term
Nature vs. Nurture
Definition
twin studies, adoptive studies, genetics vs. environment
Term
Continuous vs Discontinuous
Definition
Continuity- gradual development (talking)
discontinuity- stages (walking)stages organize information in a meaningful way but gloss over individual differences
Term
critical vs. sensitive
Definition
critical- specific time, greatest impact on development
sensitive- specific time, optimal development
Term
implicit vs. scientific
Definition
how you think/feel vs. research/test a theory
Term
children of antiquity
Definition
easily corrupted
Term
medieval
Definition
little adults
Term
early philosophical roots
Definition
*John Locke- kids=blank slate
*Rousseau- kids=pure/perfect
*Kids differ from adults
Term
evolution
Definition
kids can adapt
Term
application of scientific method
Definition
G. Stanley Hall- first person to apply scientific process to kids
Term
Transactional Development
Definition
complex interplay between individuals and their environment
Term
Biology Based Theory- Neurodevelopmental
Definition
*Interaction effects brain development
*Brain development effects character
Term
Biology Based- Ethological
Definition
Bolbie's attachment theory- attachment to caregiver despite quality
Term
Biology Based- Evolutionary
Definition
*Darwin
*Survival of the fittest
*Language evolves to survive
Term
Learning Based- Social Learning Theory
Definition
*Individuals are greatly influenced by other people
*Albert Bendura
*4 Processes
-attention
-retention
-motor reproduction
-reinforcement
*watching influences learning
Term
Learning Based- operant conditioning
Definition
*B.S. Skinner
*Consequences of behavior effects behavior being repeated
Term
Learning Based- Classical Conditioning
Definition
*Pavlov
*Condition/unconditioned stimulus with unconditioned/conditioned response
-Baby crying when seeing a shot
*John Watson
-explained fear development with de-conditioning
Term
Cognition Based- Information Processing Theory
Definition
*Different capacities and abilities for learning different things
*Brain adapts
*Info processed in different steps
-sensory memory
-short term memory
-long term memory
Term
Cognition Based- Socio-cultural theory
Definition
*Vygotsky
*Psychological tools like language numbering systems and maps to develop higher levels of thinking
*Language=important
-interdialouge to solve problems
Term
Cognition Based- Cognitive Developmental Theory
Definition
*Piaget
*Different ages=different thought processes
*Four Non-developmental Stages of Development
Term
Psychoanalytic- psychosocial
Definition
*Erikson
*Epigenetic Priciple- everything develops to a preset genetic plan
development of identity- external development of the ego
Term
Psychoanalytic- psycho-sexual
Definition
*Freud
*Libido- response of action/sexual desire
*ID- Gratification right away
*Ego- Source of reason
*Super Ego- Conscious of moral standards
Term
Contextual- ecological theory
Definition
*Influenced from immediate social and physical environment
*Micro system- immediate environment
*Meso system- connections that include child and how connections influence them
*Exo system- links that don't include child and how they influence development
*Macro system- social values/attitudes
Term
Contextual- dynamic system theory
Definition
*changes occur because things get out of balance and the child works to get things back to normal
*Physical, cognitive, emotional/social
*branch out
Term
Human Genome Project
Definition
*Mapping the genome to examine how genes code development
*Genes= region of DNA
*Complete DNA- Genome
*Genome= 30,000 Genes
Term
Chromosomes
Definition
Tightly Coiled DNA
23 Pairs in each cell nucleus (except in sperm/eggs)
Autosomes= 1-22
Sex Chromosomes= 23 (Female-XX, Male-XY)
Term
Sex-Linked Disorders
Definition
Having an extra X or Y
Missing an X
Term
Down syndrome
Definition
*extra 23 chromosome
*Older the mom, greater the chance
Term
Prenatal Stages
Definition
Germinal
Embryonic
Fetal
Term
Germinal Stage
Definition
Conception to implantation
Term
Embryonic Stage
Definition
Implantation to 8 weeks
95% of major body structures
most critical stage
most environmental damage can happen
Term
Fetal Stage
Definition
8 weeks to birth
can detect heartbeat
7 months= age of viability
37 weeks=full term
Term
methods of prenatal monitoring
Definition
ultrasound
chronic villus sampling (CVS)
Amniocentesis
AFP (blood test)
Term
Birth Defects/Causes
Definition
*Smoking
Low Birth Weight
Increase still birth
sids
*Disease
*Illicit Drugs
physical deformities
born addicted
*Meth
Asocial
no bonding
24 hours of crying
tremors
Term
Gene Environment Interaction
Definition
Genetic sensitivity to particular environmental factors
Term
Teratogens and their effects
Definition
Prescription drugs/ other substances
-physical malformation
-behavioral/cognitive deficits
Term
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Definition
physical deformities and intellectual deficits
Term
Parity
Definition
The number in spacing of children a woman bares
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