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| the sequence in which the greatest growth always occurs at the top--the head--with physical growth in size, weight, and feature differetiation gradually working its way down from top to bottom |
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| the sequence in which growth starts at the center of the body and moves toward the extremities. |
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| a nerve cell that handles information processing at the cellular level |
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| tiny gaps between neurons where connections between axons and dendrites take place |
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| receive information from other neurons to each other |
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| a layer of fat cells, encases most axons. It insulates nerve cells and also belps nerve impulses travel faster |
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| illustrates the dramatic growth and later pruning of synapses in the visual, auditory, and prefrontal cortex areas of the brain |
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| the area of the brain where higher-level thinging and self-regulation occur |
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| an important structure in memory |
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| Highest level of the brain |
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| Covers the lower portions of the brain like a cap. It plays a critical role in many important human functions, such as perception, language, and thinking. |
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The cerebral cortex is divided into four main areas called __. |
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| involved in voluntary movement and thinking. Is immature in the newborn. |
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| involved in processing information about body sesations |
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| The cerebral cortex is divided into two halves, or __. |
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| the specialization of function in one hemisphere of the cerebral cortex or the other |
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| T/F: All language processing is carried out in the left hemisphere. |
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| What do neuroscientists believe wires or rewires the brain? |
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| Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) |
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| also called crib death, occurs when infants stop breathing, usually during the night, and abruptly die without an apparent cause and withour warning. It is the highest cause of infant death in the US. |
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| Low birth weight, siblings have had it, sleep apnea, African American and Eskimo infants, lower socioeconomic groups, passively exposed to cigarette smoke, soft bedding |
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| Which theorist said this: Twice as many synaptic connections are made as will ever be needed |
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Which theorist: connections will be "pruned" |
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| Who conducted a experiments with rats to show whether early experiences change the brain's development? |
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| Results of the experiment where some rats were given enriched environments and some were not. |
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| The brains of the animals growing up in the enriched environment developed better than the brains of the animals reared in standard or isolated conditions. The brains of the "enriched" animals weighed more, had higher levels of neurochemical activity. |
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| Infants assemble motor skills for perceiving and acting. Notice that perception and action are coupled according to this theory. Thelen. |
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| Theorist: Infants modulate their movement patterns to fit a new task by exploring and selecting possible configurations. |
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| Theorist: Locomotion and postural control are closely linked, especially in walking upright. |
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| Theorist: infants learn what kinds of places and surfaces afford safe locomotion |
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Who investigated how experienced and inexperienced crawling infants and walking infants go down steep slopes? |
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| What were the results of the steep slope experiment? |
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| Newly crawling and walking infants went down the steep slopes, often falling. After weeks of practice, they became more adept at judging which slopes were too steep. |
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| "the old-fashioned view that growth and motor development reflect merely the age-related output of maturation is, at best, incomplete. Rather, infants acquire new skills with the help of their care |
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| Karen Adolph and Sarah Berger |
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| Infants do not have to see thier own hands in order to reach for an object because of... |
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| Prroceptive clues from muscles, tendons, abd joints |
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| we directly perceive information that exists in the world around us |
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| opportunities for interaction offered by objects that fit within our capabilities to perform activities |
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| Who did the visual cliff study? |
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| when is the central nervous system most vulnerable during development? |
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When is the development of the heart most vulnerable? |
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| When is the development of the Ears most vulnerable? |
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| When is the development of the eyes most vulnerable? |
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| When is the development of the arms most vulnerable? |
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| When is the development of the legs most vulnerable? |
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When is the development of the teeth most vulnerable? |
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| When is the development of the palate most vulnerable? |
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| When is the development of the external genitailia most vulnerable? |
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