Term
| is the body of material traits, customary beliefs, and social forms that constitute the distinct tradition of a group of people |
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Definition
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Term
1. how each cultural activity has a distinct spatial distribution
2. the relation between how a cultural group take particular elements fromt bhe enviornment into its culture and in turn constructs landscapes that modify nature in distinctive ways |
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Definition
| 2 aspects of where material traits are located that geographers focus on |
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Term
| can be distinguished from habit or custom |
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Definition
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Term
| a repetivtive act that a particular individual performs |
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Definition
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Term
| 2 categories material culture falls into |
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Definition
- folk culture
-popular culture |
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Term
| traditionally practiced primarily by small, homogeneous groups in isolated areas |
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Definition
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Term
| found in large heterogeneous societies that share certain customs despite differences in other personal characteristics |
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Definition
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Term
| covers territory more than folk culture |
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Definition
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Term
| often a product of developed regions like europe and north america |
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Definition
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Term
| a product of developed regions from a combination of advances in industrial technology and increased leisure time |
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Definition
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Term
| songs that are composed anonymously and transmitted orally |
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Definition
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Term
| may be modified from one generation to the next as conditions change |
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Definition
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Term
| tell a story or convey information about daily activities |
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Definition
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Term
| written by specific individuals for the purpose of being sold to a large nunber of people |
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Definition
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Term
| displays high degree of technical skill and is frequently capable of being performed only in a studio with electronic equipment |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| have more connectiosn with performers of similar styles elsewhere in the world |
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Definition
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Term
| originated as a folk custom in England during the eleventh century and was transformed into a part of global popular culture in the nineteenth centurty |
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Definition
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Term
| ealiest contest took place after denmark invaded england between 1018 and 1042 |
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Definition
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Term
| was first played in continental europe int he late 1870s |
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Definition
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Term
| popular primarily in the United Kingdom and former british colonies |
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Definition
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Term
| sport that it is canada, Northern United States, Northern Europe, and Russia |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| martial arts known as wushu |
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Term
| was introduced in japan by WW2 soldiers |
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Definition
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Term
| another way of saying lacrosse |
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Definition
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Term
| most likely to vary by place |
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Definition
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Term
| are reflected in eighteenth and early nineteenth century housing in the united states |
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Definition
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Term
| when families migrated in the 1700s and 1800s this reflected whatever upscale style was prevailing at the place they moved to |
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Definition
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Term
| popular cultures influences are seen in |
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Definition
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Term
| houses in this centurt display popular culture influences |
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Definition
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Term
| shows the rapdily changing fashion concerning the most suitible house form |
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Definition
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Term
| communication and trsnportation systems provide people throughout the country with knowledge of alternative styles |
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Definition
| why regional distinctiveness in housing has diminished |
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Term
| small, house young families, one story, with a dominant front gable and few decorative details |
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Definition
| minimal traditional housing |
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Term
| one story were usually situated with the long side parallel to the street |
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Definition
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Term
| lower level contained the garage and the newly invented family room |
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Definition
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Term
| had flat or lowpitched roofs and were especially popular for architect-designed houses |
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Definition
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Term
| popular in the late 1960s, high-pitched shed roofs, gave house apparance of a series of geometric forms |
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Definition
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Term
| shingle-covered second story walls sloped slightly inward and merged into the roofline |
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Definition
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Term
| style was characterized by dominant steep-pitched |
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Definition
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Term
| featured dormor windows usually with rounded tops, and high-hipped roofs |
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Definition
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Term
| large central great room, has raplaced separate family and living rooms, which were located in different wings or floorsof ranch and split-level houses |
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Definition
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Term
| restriction on behavior imposed by social custom |
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Definition
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Term
| -are strong in the area of food |
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Definition
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Term
| taboos against consumption of food can be found in |
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Definition
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Term
| developed through oral tradition and by rabbis into the kosher laws observed today by some jews |
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Definition
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Term
| is a prohibition against consuming animals that do not chew their food and that have cloven feet, like pigs and seafood lacking fins or scales liek lobsters |
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Definition
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Term
| religions that are kosher |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| traditional food preferences are embedded in |
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Definition
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|
Term
| when people refuse to eat particular animal or plant its because |
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Definition
| they are thought to embody negative forces in the enviornment |
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Term
| hindus dont eat cows because |
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Definition
| cows are a valuable need to their society |
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Term
|
Definition
-folk food preferences
-contributes to the characteristics of foods traditionally produced in a particular area |
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Term
| contribution of a location's distinctive physical features to the way food tastes |
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Definition
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Term
| Vineyards are the best cultivated in temperate climates of moderately cold, rainy winters and fairly, long, hot summers |
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Definition
| uses of terroir with climate |
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Term
| vineyards are planted in hillsides if, possible to maximize exposure to sunlight and to facillitate drainage |
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Definition
| uses of terrior with landforms |
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Term
| grapes can be grown in a variety of soils, but the best wine tends to be produced from grapes grown in soil that is coarse and well drained-a soil not necessarily fertile for other crops |
|
Definition
| uses of terrior with soil |
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Term
| have traditionally worn clothing in part in response to distinctive agricultural practices and climatic conditions |
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Definition
| people living in folk cultures |
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Term
| clothing preferences generally reflect occupations rather than particular enviornments |
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Definition
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|
Term
| influences popualr culture clothing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| important symbol of the diffusion of western popular culture is |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| when was the generation where kids wore jeans? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| most popular lesiure activity in much of the world |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| msot popular way knowledge is transmitted in popular culture |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when did the US see the first TV? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what increased the number of televisions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| between 1995 and 2011 there were how many users ont he internet? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 1/3 of the world used what in 2008? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| environment may be modified for a leisure activity or to promote for the sale of a product |
|
Definition
| popular cultrue landscape |
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Term
| msot popular leisure activity for modifying land is |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
1. loss of traditional values
2. imposition of popular culture through diffusion of media |
|
Definition
| challenges to folk culture |
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|
Term
-Uniformity: Fast food
-Uniformity: Gas, Food, and Marketplace
-Diffusion int he global Marketplace
-Local cultures and globalization |
|
Definition
| challeneges to popular culture |
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|
Term
| a system of communication through speech |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| one that is use by the government for conducting buisness and publishing documents |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| a system of written communication |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| collection of languages related |
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Definition
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|
Term
| collection of languages within a family related through a common ancestral language that exsisted thousands of years ago |
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Definition
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|
Term
| collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin in the relatively recent past and display many similarities in grammar and vocabulary |
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Definition
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|
Term
| english is part of the germanic branch because Germanic tribes invaded what country? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| official language of India is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what language did the romance language evolve from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how did the latin language die? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the predominant language branch in russia and central europe? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| first indi-Europe speakers may have been |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lived near the border of russia and kazakhstan and were nomadic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| indo-european language spread through the |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| argued that the first Indo-European speakers lived 2,000 years before the kurgans in part of present-day turkey |
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Definition
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|
Term
| celts spoke the language called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| came from present-day norway, landed ont he northeast coast of england and raided several settlements |
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Definition
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|
Term
- from rpesten day nomandy in france
- conquered england in 1066
- established french as the official language for the next 300 years |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| a regional variation of a language distinguished by distinctive vocabulary, spealling and pronunciation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| geopraphers are interested in differences in dialects because |
|
Definition
| they reflect distinctive features of the enviornments in which groups live |
|
|
Term
| every word that is not used nationally has some geographic extent within the country and therefore has boundries |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why is the english language in the united states so different now from that in England? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| vocabulary is different in part because settlers in america encounted unfamiliar things such as canyons and moose |
|
Definition
| how vocabulary in america is different from vocabulary in england |
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Term
| american spelling divered from the british standard because of a strong national feeling in the united states for an independent identity |
|
Definition
| how spelling in america is different from spelling in england |
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Term
| from the time of their arrival in north america, colonists began to pronounce words diffently from the british |
|
Definition
| how pronunciation in america is different from spelling in england |
|
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Term
| creator of the first comprehensive american dictionary and grammar books |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| these colonies were established and inhabited almost entirely by settlers from england |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
about half came from southeast england although they represented a diversity of social-class backgrounds like:
- deported prisoners
- indentured servants
- political and religious refugees |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| midlands of the united states |
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|
Term
| a language of international communication such as english |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
-swahili east africa
- hindi in south asia
- indonesian is touh asia
- russian formor soviet union |
|
Definition
| other contemporary lingua Franca languages |
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Term
| which mixes a simplified grammar and limited vocabulary of a lingua franca with another language |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| franca was distributed through |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is now distributed through ideas |
|
Definition
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|
Term
- australia
- united kingdom
- united states |
|
Definition
| places where english is official |
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|
Term
| english exists in so many coutnries because |
|
Definition
| england migrated to all of the palces they built colonies they conquered |
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|
Term
| since the internet was created in the 1990s it was help the world by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ctching up to english and may become the leading language of online users by 2020 |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| a language that is unrelated to any other and therefore not attached to any language family |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| language no longer spoken or read in daily activities by anyone in the world |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many languages are extinct? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a language of the andamanese family became extinct in 2010 with the death of its last known speaker |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is on the edge of becoming a extinct language but thanks to religious it hasnt yet |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| considers 500 languages in danger of becoming extinct, but some are being preserved |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| was established for the preservation of endangered languages |
|
Definition
| European Union has established the European Bureau for Lesser used Languages |
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|
Term
| an official language of the republic of Ireland |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most speakers live in remote highlands and islands of northern scotland |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in wales teaching welsh in school is compulsory |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| became extinct in 1777 with the death of the language's last known native speaker |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| concentraded in France's Brittany regions, bretan differs from the other celtic languages in that is has more French words |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| one of the two official languages in canada |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why has spanish become an important language in the united states? |
|
Definition
| because of large-scale immigration from latin america |
|
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Term
| is defined as a language that results from the mixing of the colonizer's language with the indigenous language of the people being dominated |
|
Definition
| creole or crealized language |
|
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Term
| derives from a word in several romance languages for a slave who is born int he master's house |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| froms when the colonized group adopts the language of the dominant group but makes some changes' such as simplifying the grammar and adding words from their former language |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-folk culture
-popular culture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
language
religion
ethnicity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| repetitive act of an individual |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| repetitive act of a group |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| entire collection of group's customs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- diffusion and spatial distribution of folk and popular culture
- their relation to physical environment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| have anonymous origins and authorship |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| used to be practiced by homogenous groups in rural areas |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| diffused through migration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| involved fairy tales, probverbs, folk music, song and dance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| preserved in every old-world culture as a symbol of national uniqueness |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| usually convey info about daily activities or life-cycle events, or combine those with description of some prominent landscape features |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| has roots in folk culture, including celtic music and gospel music |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| has roots in spirituals and other forms with coded messages of subversion against slaveholders |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| written by specific individuals for the purpose of being sold to a large number of people |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a product of more developed countries |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| more likley to vary from place to place at a given time |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is mroe likely to vary from time to time in a given place |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| good example of popular culture in sports |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- originated as isolated folk customs
- diffused through migration
- organized sports display characteristics or popular culture |
|
Definition
| how sports retain their folk culture roots |
|
|
Term
- originated in 11th century england
- banned in the end of the 12th century
- legalized again in 1603
- 1863: english football association founded
- transformed into a global populare culture since the late 1800s |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
founded in paris in 1904
HQ in Zurish, Switzerland
currently has 208 members |
|
Definition
| FIFA; Federation international Football Association |
|
|
Term
| in LDC traditonal cothing reflects |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in MDC clothing habits reflect |
|
Definition
| occupations rather than particular environments |
|
|
Term
- symbol of diffusion of popular western culture
- used to be one of the most desired items in communist countries |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| - presents American Beliefs and cultural norms such as upward mobility, freedom for women, glorification of youth, and stylized violence |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| they dominate the TV industry in LDC |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| presents american beliefs and cultural norms, such as upward mobility, freedom for women, glorification of youth, and stylized violence |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an assult on government control over information |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rising stars of international TV News industry |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- follows ealier TV pattern but diffuses faster
- world wide adoption within just one decade
- is the american creature |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| developments go back to 1958 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| defense advanced research projects agency |
|
|
Term
| administered the semi-automatic ground environment program to network country-wide radar systems togeather |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Lawrebce G. Roberts
Leonard Kleinrock
Robert Kahn
VInton Cerf |
|
Definition
| associated with Internet's Birth |
|
|
Term
| what year was the opening of the national network to commercial interests |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what year was the Global Internet as we know it today? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many people are connected to internet? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| can produce uniform landscapes |
|
Definition
| promoting product familiarity |
|
|
Term
- convenience
- immediate recognition by customers
- low-cost socializing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| predated british colonization |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| one of the 2 official language |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| native french speakers accoount for how much of the population of canada? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how much french peopel make of population in Quebec? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many peopel speak a language other than english in America? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which ethnicity is the largest minority in america? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many peopel speak spanish int he united states? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| are all countries multi-lingual? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many languages spoken in india? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 3 official languages in Belgium |
|
|
Term
| this language is classed as a germanic language |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| was influenced by Celtic and Romance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
-celts
-angles and saxons
- vikings
-normans |
|
Definition
| cultures that reflects on the hsitory of England |
|
|
Term
| is the initial vehicle of spreading english throughout the world |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- vocabulary
- spelling
- pronunciation |
|
Definition
| difference between america and europe |
|
|
Term
| what is the major language in Sino-Tibetan |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the major language spoken in indonesia and Madagascar |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| main language spoken in vietnamese and Khmer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many people speak arabic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| arabic is the official language of how many countries? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is the liturgical language of islam |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hs many different geographically distributed spoken varities some of which are mutually unintelligible |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| example of successful revival of an extinct language |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| became the first native speaker of modern hebrew |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| official languages of Hungary, Finland, and Estonia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| largest language families of sub-saharan Africa |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many languages are extinct? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| official language of India |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| official language of pakistan |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| individual indo-european languages not part of branches |
|
|
Term
-russian
-ukrainian
-belarusian
-polish
-czech
-slovak
-serbo-croatian
-slovene
-bulgarian |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
-german
-dutch
-swedish
-danish
-norwegian
-english |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
-Italian
-french
-spanish
-portuguese
-Romanian |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| contain individual languages |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a unit of horizontal classification |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a unit of verticle classification |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| largest unit of linguistic classification |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is a group of languages related by descent from a common ancestor called the protolanguage of that family |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an indispensible element of culture |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many live languages are there? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| appeals to one ethnic group |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| global appeals to all people world wide |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| universalizing though originally nurtured within judaism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
-universalizing
-siddhartha gautama |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
-largest ethnic religion
-no founder
-dominant in india and nepal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
-christianity
-islam
-buddhism |
|
Definition
| largest universalizing religions |
|
|
Term
-eastern orthodox
-roman catholic
-roman catholic
-protestant |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
-2 billion followers
-roman cathlicism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1.3 billion followers
-mainly in the middle east |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- 400 million followers
- in china, japan, korea, and South east asia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- hinduism
-confucianism
-daoism
-shintoism
-judaism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| number one religion in united states |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| - muhammad's followers and army |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| missionaries and military conquest |
|
Definition
| how religions get spread around |
|
|
Term
| religions have holy places associated with the founder's life |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| - no single architectural style since schism/split |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
-mosque
-makkah
-madinah
-jerusalem |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| was born as a reaction to anti-semitism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when was the talk between israel and palestinian arbas first began? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| appeals primarily to one group of peopl living in one place |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
-christianity
-islam
-buddhism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- 2 billion people
-predominant religion in North America, south america, europe, and australia
- roman catholicism is the dominant christian branch |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
-1.3 billion people
- predominant religion of the middle east
- sunni branch comprises 83 percent of muslims and is the largest branch in most muslim countries |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
-400 million people
-mainly in china and south east asia
- mahayanists account for about 56 percent of buddhists primarily in china, japen, and korea |
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- 80% of population is in India and Nepal
- 3% are in India other in Nepal |
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| traditional ethnic religions |
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| is a large fundamental division within a religion |
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| a division of a branch that unites a number of local congregations in a single legal and administrative body |
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| relatively small group that has broken away from an established denomination |
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-was applied to the christian church in the second century
- headed by the pope who is the bishop of rome |
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| are considered the successors to Jesus's twelve apostles |
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| was believed this person possesed a universal primacy or authority |
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| colelction of 14 self governing churches derive from the faith and practices in the eastern part of the roman empire |
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| split of eastern church and rome was in |
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| is regarded as beginning when martin luther posted 95 theses ont he door of the church at writtenberg on october 13,15,17 |
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- means the way of the elders
- emphasizes buddha's life of wisdom
- self help
-saitary introspection |
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-split from theravada about 2,000 years ago
- emphazes buddha's life of teachings of compassion and helping others |
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| has no gods so individuals selects suitable rituals |
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| is a form of worship dedicated tot he female consorts of vishnu and siva |
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| means submission tot he will of god |
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| comprises 2/3 of muslims and are the largest branch in the most muslim countries in middle east and asia |
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| comprises 90% of the population in Iran and a substantial share in neighboring countries |
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| god was revelated to sikhism's first guru, nahak, and was the one supreme being |
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-siyyid Ali Muhammad founded the faith in shiraz Iran in 1844
- Baha'is belife that one of the bab's disciples known as Baha'u'llah was the prophet and messenger for god |
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| when aryan tribes invaded india they brought their religion with them |
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-started with prophet muhammad
- muslims belive that muhammad recieved his first revelation from god, through the agel gabriel at age 40 while he was meditating |
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| -founded by Guru Nahak who traveled through south asia preaching hsi new faith |
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| founded during the nineteenth century by Husayn Ali Nuri |
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| was first diffused from its hearth in southweast asia through migration |
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| individuals who help to transmit a universalizing religion through relocation diffusion |
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| carried the teachings of jesus along the roman empires's protected sea routes ad excellent road network to people in other locations |
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| daily contact between believers in the towns and non-believers in the surrounding countryside |
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| acceptance of religion by the empire's key elite figure, the emperor |
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| the structure is an expression of religious principles an environment in the image of god |
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| greek term meaning lord or master |
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| first holiest city for muslims because it is the birthplace of muhammad |
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| a form of pilgrimage which is a journey to a place considered sacred for religious purposes |
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-holiest object in islamic religion
- cubeliek structure encased in silk |
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| where muhammad recieved his first support and where he is burried |
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| a space for community assembly, not a sanctified place liek the christian church |
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| transforming ethnic groups into nations |
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| is a group of people identifiable by a common background |
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| lends itself to more objective analysis |
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| always reflects one's self identification |
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| means nto dependaent on the opinion of the group members |
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- individualism vs collectivism
- power distance
- uncertainty avoidance
- masculinity/femininity |
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| man who uncovered 4 dimensions of culture |
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| to group people based ont heir ethnicity one should ask them |
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| directly who they think they are |
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| is a set of physical features |
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| does not seem to always rest on one and the same set of features or criteria |
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| is a group of people who share common hsitory, culture, and language, often possessing or seeking its own government |
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- based on a certain ethnicity
- an imagined community |
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| connects the concept of a nation with the concept of citizenship |
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| s strong identification of a group of individuals with a political entity defined in national terms |
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- separation of two ethnicities ont he basis of religion
- conflicts due to boundaries and ethnicities not matching |
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