Places

• Fieldwork
• Lab Experiments
• Remote Sensing

• Writing
• Table/diagrams
• Mathematical formulas
• Maps

• Find patterns and relationships
• Build models (to generalize)
• Hypotheses

• Topographic
• Thematic/Isopleth
• Proportional symbols
• Choropleth
• Mercator

• Opportunity for interaction
• Implies nearness to something
• Connectivity
• Airline hub cities are more accessible

• A dynamic flow process from one location to another; movement of human beings such as interurban commuters or intercontinental migrants
• Complementarity
• Transferability
• Intervening Opportunity
• Spatial Diffusion

• Variation in physical environments and research endowments from place to place
• International division of labor derives from the evolution of the world's economic system
• Specialization/ Economies of scale (average cost of production falls with increasing output

• Depends on the frictional effects of distance
• Compare the cost of movement to value gained
• Commodity mobility (value of the product)(movement distance: money and time)(Ability of commodity to bear cost of movement)

• The volume and pattern of movement and flows
• Closer alternatives that reduce the attractiveness of longer-distance interactions

• The way that things spread through space and time
• Expansion(Contagion) Diffusion: From small to big
• Hierarchical (Cascade) Diffusion: From big to small 

• Geography Information System
• A system for stpring and manipulating geographical information on computer
• Data are linked to location
• Allows different types of data from multiple cources to be merged

• Represents earth's surface horizontally and vertically
• Uses contour lines (a line that connects places that have the same height from sea level)

• Shows particular conditions, processes, and events
• Uses isoline (a line that connects places with equal data value) 

• Its a cyndrical map projection
• Widely used in cartography
• Developed by Gerardus Mercator in 1569
• Downsides: not a physical projection, Cannot be constructed using geometrical tools, stretch out continents at the higher altitudes, the scale of the shape and the direction of lines may change when shapes are moved

• The ration between linear distance on a map and linear distance on earth's surface
• Express in terms of corresponding lengths or representative fraction (1:1000)
• Large scale-more detail; smaller area covered

• Polychonic
• Mercator
• Azimuthal Equidistant
• Molloweide

True to East-West and along the central North South

• Functional regions (Metroploiton area)
• Regionalism (Loyalty to the particular interests of a particular region)
• Sectionalism (Extreme devotion to local interests and customs)
• Irredentism (The belief that Irredenta should be controlled by the country to which they are ethnically or historically related)

• A collection of evidence about our character and experiences as humans (Layers of meaning)
• Ordinary (Vernacular)
• Symbolic

• Developed as people live somewhere
• Ranging from urban to rural and various different forms of structures

• Represents particular values of aspirations
• Builders and financiers of those want to impart to a larger public

• A self-conscious sence of place; feelings evoked among people as a result of the experiecence and memories they associate with a place
• Intersubjectivity
• Third Place
• Insiders vs Outsiders

• Insider (develops through the lifeworld, the taken-for-granted pattern and context
• Outsiders (evoked only if local landmarks, way of life and so on are distinctive enough to evoke a significant common meaning for people who have no direct experience of them

• Allows us to understand geograhical changes
• Places and regions represent the cumulative legacy of successive periods of change
• Making distinction between the general and the unique (general effects) (unique outcomes)