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A model that describes how economic, political, and cultural power is spatially distributed between dominant core regions, and more marginal or dependent semi-peripheral and peripheral regions |
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| a cylindrical map projection that attempts to retain the accurate sizes of all the world's landmasses |
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| maps that show true direction and land shapes fairly accurately, but not size or distance. Areas that are located far from the Equator are quite distorted on this type of map |
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| Maintains the accurate size and shape of landmasses. Rearranges direction so the cardinal directions no longer have any meaning |
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Goode's homolosine projection |
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| shows continents but distorts ocean |
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| Does not maintain accurate area, shape, distance, or direction, but it minimizes errors in each |
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| The ratio between the size of an area on a map and he actual size of that same area on the earth's surface |
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| map line that connects points of equal or very similar values |
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| A type of thematic map that transforms space such that the political unit with the greatest value for some type of data is represented by the largest relative area |
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| Thematic map that uses dots to represent the frequency of a variable in a given area |
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| A thematic map in which the size of a symbol varies in proportion to the frequency or intensity of the mapped variable. |
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| each unit area is shaded or colored to suggest magnitude of the event or item within its borders. Patterns or colors are used o show magnitude or intensity |
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| Malthus Population Catastrophe |
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| the global population would one day expand to the point where it could not produce enough food to feed everyone |
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| Advocacy of population control programs to ensure enough resources for current and future populations |
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| Boserup's Hypothesis of Population |
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| Population growth compels subsistence farmers to consider new farming approaches that produce enough food to take care of the additional people |
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| Population Pyramid Components |
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| shows percentage of population in 5-year age groups, with the youngest group at the base of the pyramid and the oldest group at the top |
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| Population Pyramid Example Shape |
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| Demographic Transition Model |
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| the steps through which a society progresses |
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| Epidemiologic Transition Model |
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| There is a distinct cause of death in each stage of the demographic transition model |
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| Gravity Model of Spatial Interaction |
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| estimate the flow of people, material or information between locations in geographic space |
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| Ravenstein's Laws of Migration |
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- Net Migration amounts to only a fraction of the gross migration between 2 places
- The majority of migrants move short distances
- Migrants who move longer distances tend to choose big city destinations
- Urban residents are less migratory than people in rural areas
- Families are less likely to make international moves than young adults
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| Zelinsky Model of Migration Transition |
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| change in the migration pattern in a society that results from the social and economic changes that produce the demographic transition |
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| languages from the indo-european family |
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| I-E Language Diffusion Theories |
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Agriculture theory
theory that explains how Proto-Indo-European languages diffused into Europe. Said it occurred through the diffusion of agriculture. Each generation (25 years) the agricultural frontier moved 11 miles
Conquest Theory
One major theory of how Proto-Indo-European language diffused into Europe which holds that the early speakers spread westward on horseback, overpowering earlier inhabitants and beginning the diffusion and differentiation of Indo-European tongues. |
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| The theory that a political event in one country will cause similar events in neighboring countries, like a falling domino causing an entire row of upended dominoes |
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| Theory that claimed whichever state controlled the resource-rich "heartland" of Eastern Europe |
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| Theory that the domination of the coastal fringes of Eurasia (the "rimland") would provided the base of world conquest (not the heartland) |
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| A pattern of settlements in a country, such that the nth largest settlement is 1/n the population of the largest settlement |
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| Three tier structure theory (core, semi-periphery, periphery) proposing that social change in the developing world is linked to the economic activities of the developed word |
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| von Thünen's Agricultural Model |
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| Identifies a crop that can be sold for more than the land cost,distance of land to market is critical because the cost of transporting varies by crop |
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| First Agricultural Revolution |
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| Dating back 10,000 years, the First Agricultural Revolution achieved plant domestication and animal domestication |
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| Second Agricultural Revolution |
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| dovetailing with and benefiting from the Industrial Revolution, improved methods of cultivation, harvesting, and storage of farm produce |
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Third Agricultural Revolution
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| Currently in progress, the Third Agricultural Revolution has as its principal orientation the development of Genetically Modified Organisms |
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| Liberal Models of Development |
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| Assomes all countries are at the same stage of development and any economic differences must be from short term inefficiencies in the local or regional market |
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| Structuralist Model of Development |
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| think that poorer countries will have a difficult time improving their situation due to the structured global economy's concentration of wealth and unequal relations in some places |
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| New International Division of Labor |
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| Transfer of some types of jobs, especially those requiring low-paid, less-skilled workers, from more developed to less developed countries |
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| Rostow's Stages of Growth |
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| A model of economic development that describes a country's progression which occurs in five stages transforming them from least-developed countries to most-developed countries |
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| form of mass production in which each worker is assigned one specific task to perform repeatedly |
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| adoption by companies of flexible work rules, such as the allocation of workers to team that perform a variety of tasks |
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| Location Interdependence Theory |
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| suggests competitors, in trying to maximize sales, will seek to constrain each other's territory as much as possible which will therefore lead them to locate adjacent to one another in the middle of their collective customer base |
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| Weber Model of Industrial Location |
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| explaining and predicting where industries will locate based on cost analysis of transportation, labor, and agglomeration factors |
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| The correct location of a firm lies where the net profit is greatest |
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| geographical economic theory that refers to how the price and demand on real estate changes as the distance towards the Central Business District (CBD) increases |
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| Borchert's Model of Urban Evolution |
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| refer to four distinct periods in the history of American urbanization. Each epoch is characerized by the impact of a particular transport technology on the creation and differential rates of growth of American cities |
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| a geographical theory that seeks to explain the number, size and location of human settlements in an urban system |
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| This concentric ring model depicts urban land use in concentric rings: the Central Business District (or CBD) was in the middle of the model, and the city expanded in rings with different land uses |
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| It is a modification of the concentric zone model of city development. The benefits of the application of this model include the fact it allows for an outward progression of growth. |
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| basically features an amount of economic activity in one main area surrounded by a remote area of less dense activity |
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| while a city may have started with a central business district, similar industries with common land-use and financial requirements are established near each other |
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| Multiple Nuclei Model Visual |
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| Describes automobile-dependent metropolitan areas· Large, self-sufficient suburban sectors · 4 criteria shape the extent, character, & internal structure of each urban realm:(1) terrain (topography, water)(2) size of metropolis(3) amount of economic activity in each realm(4) internal accessibility of each realm based on its dominant economic core |
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| Urban Realms Model Visual |
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Latin American Cities Model
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| Combines elements of Latin American Culture and globalization by combining radial sectors and concentric zones |
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Latin American Cities Model Visual
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| The Southeast Asian City Model is similar to the Latin American (Griffin-Ford) City Model in that they each feature high-class residential zones that stem from the center, middle-class residential zones that occur in inner-city areas, and low-income squatter settlements that occur in the periphery |
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| Africa has the world's lowest levels of urbanization yet the most fastest growing cities. African cities have a high range of diversity so formulating a model is difficult. The neighborhoods are ethnic and mixed, often next to a mining and manufacturing zone. All of that is then ringed around by a zone characterized by squatter settlements and informal satellite townships |
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| African City Model Visual |
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