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| focuses on how cities function |
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| nucleated with one or more clear core areas |
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| areas that are also nucleted, but use much land space for housing and residences |
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| ciy at the center of a large metroploitian area |
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| area of continuosly built-up landscapes of buildings and populations |
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| continuous development that contains a central city and nearby cities |
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| a large-scale functional entity |
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| Metropolitan statistical area |
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| central county with at least one urbanized area of at least 50,000 poeple |
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| Micropolitan statistical area |
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| similar but smaller version of a metropolis |
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| small cluster of farmer's houses |
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| urban settlement likely to offer several dozen services that are more specialized than those of a hamlet |
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| larger than villiage, structures have more specialized functions |
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| larger population than towns, more functional specialization and a central business district |
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| multiple cities that have grown together to form highest level of urban hierarchy |
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| surronding area of smaller villages and hamlets that are dependent on it |
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| Central Business District (C.B.D) |
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| commercial and geographic heart of a city |
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| megalopolis that spreads from Boston to Washington D.C. |
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| social scientist who defined a city as a pemanent settlement with large size high density and social heterogenity |
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| period between 4000 and 2000 B.C.E. |
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| organized territories under governments |
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| decision makers and organizers |
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| self-governing communities that included nearby countryside |
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| big city area controlled by a single person, family, or group of associates |
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| larger than other cities in the area andrepreinting a national culture; twice as large other cities around |
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| a city that came up at the geographic margins during the dissolving of the empires |
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| created by Industrial Revolution; where factories atrract laborers from rural areas to provide housing |
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| metroploises that have more than a population of 10 miilion |
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| plces where major routes converge |
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| cities engaged in mining, manufacturing, and recreation |
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| places that provide goods and services for the surrounding area |
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| produced goods or services for areas outside the city |
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| work that produces goods for export and generates an inflow of money. |
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| workers who maintain city streets, clerks who work in offices, and teachers who teach in city schools are responsible for the functioning of the city itself |
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| ratio between workers employed in the basic sector and service sector |
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| the expansion of a country's money supply that results from banks being able to lend |
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| areas outside the city that are affected by it |
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| patterns of settlement o the earth's surface |
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| states that the 'nth'largest city will be 1/n the size of the largest city |
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| views urban settlements as centers for the distribution of economic goods and services to surrounding non-urban populations |
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| noncompeting market areas |
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| Hierarchy of central places |
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| caused by nesting of small hexagons within larger ones |
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| views cities as growing outward from a central area in a series concentric rings |
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| sociologist who created concentric zone model |
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| land economist who developed the sector model |
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| views cities as developing in a series of sectors rather than rings |
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| C.D. Harris and E.L. Ullman |
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| geographers who developed the multiple-nuclei model |
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| counters that large cities develop by spreading from several nodes of growth |
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| areas of approx. 5000 people that correspond whenever possible to neighborhood bounries |
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| increasing proportion of the poor who are female |
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| most undesirable neighborhoods |
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| where forced segregation limits residential choices, minorities may be confined to ghettos |
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| refusing to give loans for houses in "risky' areas |
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| when real estate agents would seek tactics to get white neighbors to sell |
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| an attempt to change ghetto boundaries by showing houses to whites and blacks in Black and white neighborhoods, respectively |
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| steps to curb sprawl, limit traffic and reverse inner-city decline |
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| encourage spatial separation by preventing mixing of land uses within the same district |
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| a program of land redevelopment in areas of moderate to high density urban land use |
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| housing reserved for low-income housing |
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| density of residents and houses decreasing as distance from center of the city increases |
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| progressive development of landscape in suburban areas |
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| a shift in an urban community toward wealthier residents and/or businesses and increasing property values |
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| huge stores with a wide variety of products designed for one-stop shopping |
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| legally independent suburban areas |
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| description of the formation of edge cities by Chauncey Harris |
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| relatively stable slum area that radiates from the central market to the out most zone of the peripheral squatter |
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| rings of open spaces where houses may not be built |
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| two-hour period in the morning and afternoon when people are going from and to work |
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