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Definition
| (permanent) movement of people from one place to another |
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| induce people to leave where they are |
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| attract people to a new place |
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| forced migrants who cannot return home on account of some cultural or political viewpoint |
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Definition
(permanent) movement within one country
-rural to urban
-urban to suburban
-urban to rural
Type of migration |
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Definition
(permanent) movement from one country to another
Type of migration |
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Definition
-seasonal migration
-special events
type of migration |
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Definition
-Physical barriers:distance, mountains, oceans
-Economic barriers: expense of migrating
-Cultural and political barriers: host country policies, quotas, immigration rules, host country attitudes |
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Definition
A period from the 15th-20th centuries in which Europeans, Americans and Japanese maintained direct political and economic control of other countries
-Why? Economic gain, population pressures, religious efforts |
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| Industry and Manufacturing: Primary sector |
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Definition
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| Industry and Manufacturing: Secondary Sector |
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| Four Major regions for Industry and manufacturing |
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Definition
Western Europe-birthplace of industrial revolution, UK, late 18th century shift towards mechanical manufacturing and industrial processing
-Eastern Europe: Silesia (Czek/Slovak republic), Ukraine, various parts of Russia
-North America: New england, mid atlantic, great lakes
-East Asia: Japan, china |
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| Why the four major regions popular in industry and manufacturing? |
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Definition
| proximity for raw materials, proximity to markets, labor costs/ labor relations |
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Definition
Activities fulfilling some need and returning money to provider
-In US/Canada: 75% OF ALL JOBS
-In wealthy countries: 65%+ of all GDP |
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Definition
| retail, health, recreational |
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| finance, law, engineering, transportation |
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| Government, employment (including public school employee)-16% of all US jobs |
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turning over production responsibility to independent firms
-chase lower costs in different countries |
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Definition
| a visual display of geographic information |
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Definition
| where things (topography, boundaries, cities etc.) are. |
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Definition
| telling a ??story about some phenomenon |
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| what is the map about (obvious, but overlooked) |
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Definition
| what do the symbols on the map indicate |
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| Map component: Orientation |
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Definition
| how does the map correlate to directions in the real world |
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| how does distance on the map correlate to distance in the real world |
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Definition
other means of picturing the earth
-aerial imagery
-satellite imagery
-invisible wavelengths (infrared, ultraviolet, etc)
-radar and sonar |
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Definition
| using satellites to pinpoint coordinate locations |
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| Geographic Information Systems (GIS) |
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Definition
-layers of information on top of each other
-interactivity and analytical tools are the main (and quite major) innovations. |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of population characteristics |
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Term
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Definition
| 6.89 billion. us census estimate |
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Term
| 5 most populous countries |
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Definition
China (1.3 billion)
India ( 1.2 billion)
USA (310 million)
Indonesia ( 243 million)
Brazil (201 million) |
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| 66% of world population in four major clusters |
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Definition
-East Asia ( ~20%)
-South Asia ( ~20%)
-Southeast Asia (~10%) |
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Term
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Definition
# dry places:: ~20% of land surface
permanently wet places: agricultural challenge
cold places
high elevation places: 50% of Switzerland over 1 km in the sky... only 5% of pop. there
-major exceptions to elevation. |
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Definition
| the # of people occupying an area of land |
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| # of people supported by an area of arable land |
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| total # of live births in a year for every 1,000 people. |
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| total # of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people. |
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Definition
| CBR-CDR-- natural increase: not migration |
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| the total fertility rate is the average number of children a woman ( age 15-49) will have in her lifetime. |
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Definition
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| annual number of deaths of infants under one year old, compared with total live births |
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| how long a newborn can expect to live |
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Definition
| number of people too young or old to work, compared to number of people working age |
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Definition
| study of how people make a living. |
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Term
| Gross Domestic Producer (GDP) |
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Definition
| the value of the total outpour of goods and services produced in a country, in a year. |
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Definition
| GDP divided by population total |
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| Historical roots of Development |
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Definition
| -WWII-Bretton Woods-July 1944
-July 1944-birth of international bank for reconstruction and development (IBRD), the general agreement on tariffs and trade, and the international monetary fund (imf) in bretton woods new hampshire
-1945-industrialized countries-Europe & US and Japan restructure global economic system under US leadership
-1945-The Marshall Plan-ensuring Europe’s economic stability and strategic security
-+1% of US Gross National Product dedicated from 1948 to 1952 to rebuild Western Europe
-Emergence of the terms 1st world, 2nd world, and 3rd world |
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Term
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Definition
-International Trade
-Foreign Direct Investment
-Loans
-Foreign aid and assistance
-We might also consider mechanisms at non-governmental organization level |
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Term
| World Trade Organization (WTO) |
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Definition
-Reduces barriers to international trade in two principal ways:
1)”negotiate” reduction or elimination of trade restrictions on manufactured goods and movement of money
2) enforces agreements and protects intellectual property
-Country members representing 97% of world trade
-153 members
-Established in 1995 |
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Definition
-Offer favorable tax, regulatory and trade arrangements to foreign firms from core coutnries
-Typically set up in semi-periphery and periphery countries |
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| Foreign Direct Investment |
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Definition
| -coming in and owning property/having capitol in another country |
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Term
| Structural Adjustment Programs |
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Definition
-Programs associated with loans from the world bank and the IMF, which are designed to create economic reforms in a country
-Objectives of the program included
-LDCs only spend what they can afford; reduce government spending
-Direct benefits to the poor
-Divert investments from military to health and education
-Encourage privatization |
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Definition
-Enacted by executive order in 1961
-Receives guidance from the State Department |
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Term
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Definition
-Volatile Market cycles
-recurring economic crises
-Foreign indebtedness
-Inflation
-Currency Devaluation |
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Term
| Development indicators
-Economic: |
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Definition
| per capita (GDP or GNI divided by population during a particular time)
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Term
| Development Indicators-Social: |
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Definition
| water and sanitation access, education |
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Term
| Developmental Indicators-Demographic: |
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Definition
| life expectancy, infant mortality, natural increase rate |
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Term
| Gender-related development |
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Definition
-Women face inequality in households society and workplace
-Women’s productivity in household not accounted in state’s Gross National Income
-Women on average have two-thirds of the income of men in developed countries
-Women are less likely to attend school in developing countries than in develped countries
-Education is key measure |
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