Social Culture Region

Residential area characterized by socioeconomic traits, such as income, education, age, and family structure.

Ethnic Culture Region

Focuses on traits of ethnicity, such as language and migration history.

Concentric-Zone Model

Developed by Ernest W. Burgess in 1925

Circle model starting in the middle with

1: CBD

2: Transition zone

3: Blue-collar residential

4: Middle-income residential

5: Commuter residential

Sector Model

By Homer Hoyt in 1939

Middle circle of CBD with wedges radiating out made of High-rent sectors, Middle-rent sectors, and Low-rent sectors

Multiple-Nuclei Model

By Chauncey Harris and Edward Ullman in 1945

Centered around the CBD, blocks of Light industry and warehouses, Heavy indusry, Low-rent residential, Middle rent residential, and High-rent residential.

Centralizing Forces

Those diffustion forces which result in residences, stores, and factories locating in the inner or central city.

Decentralizing Forces

Those that result in activities locating outside the central city. Also called "suburbanizing forces."

Agglomeration

Clustering of businesses in the innter city.

Lateral Commuting

Commuting from one suburb to another for work.

Redlining

Banks and mortgage companies demarcated areas considered to be at high risk for loans (often for racial reasons).

Gentrification

The movement of middle-class people into deteriorated areas of city centers (sometimes at the cost of the lower-class people already there).

Heat Island

The extra heat produced by a city, an additional 3.5 to 10 degrees F.

Urban Morphology

The physical form of the city...street patterns, building sizes, density, ect.

Functional Zonation

The pattern of land use within a city, such as residential, commercial, and governmental.

Palimpsest

A word used to describe the visual mixture of past and present in cultural landscapes.

Central Place Theory

By Walter Christaller in 1930

Goods and services vary depending on the Threshhold (sufficient population size to support production) and the Range people are willing to travel to obtain something.

Super Wealthy

0.25% of the population... but own as much wealth as the rest of the world put together.

Glocalization

The interaction between global and local...

Neocalism

Embracing the uniqueness and authenticity of place.

Three pillars of sustainable development

1. Economic Growth

2. Environmental Protection

3. Social Progress

Concentric Circles model

for Sustainable Development

Economy

Society

Environment

Overlapping Circles model

for sustainable development

Economic

Social

Environmental