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| A form of economic an social organization characterized by the profit motive and the control of the means of production, distribution, and the exchange of goods by private ownership. |
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| The capacity to understand changing patterns, changing processes, and changing relationships among people, places, and regions. |
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| The increasing interconnectedness of different parts of the world through common processes of economic, environmental, political, and cultural change. |
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| The study of spatial organization of human activity and of people’s relationships with their environments. |
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| The sense that people make of themselves through their subjective feelings based on their everyday experiences and wider social relations. |
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| (fixed social capital): The underlying framework of services and amenities needed to facilitate productive activity. |
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| Economic policies that are predicated on a minimalist role for the state, assuming the desirability of free markets as the ideal condition not only for economic organization but also for political and social life. |
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| The everyday landscapes that people create in the course of their lives. |
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| A specific geographic setting with distinctive physical, social, and cultural attributes. |
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| Larger-sized territory that encompasses many places, all or most of which share similar attributes in comparison with the attributes of places elsewhere. |
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| Feelings evoked among people as a result of the experiences and memories that they associate with a place, and to the symbolism that they attach to it. |
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| The physical attributes of a location- its terrain, its soil, vegetation, and water sources, for example. |
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| The study of geographic phenomena in terms of their arrangement as points, lines, areas, or surfaces on a map. |
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| independent political units with territorial boundaries that are international recognized by their states. |
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| Supranational Organizations |
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| The collections of individual states with a common goal that may be economic and/or political in nature; such as organizations diminish, to some extent, individual state sovereignty in favor of the group interests of the membership. |
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| Large-scale geographic divisions based on continental and physiographic settings that contain major groupings of peoples with broadly similar cultural attributes. |
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| The body of practical and theoretical knowledge about making distinctive visual representations of Earth’s surface in the form of maps. |
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| the establishment and maintenance of political and legal domination by a state over a separate and alien society. |
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| The physical settlement of a new territory of people from a colonizing state. |
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| The network of labor and production processes beginning with the extraction or production of raw materials and ending with the delivery of a finished commodity. |
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| The regions that dominate trade, control the most advanced technologies, and have high levels of productivity within diversified economies. |
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| The specialization of different people, regions, or countries in particular kinds of economic activities. |
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| Environmental Determinism |
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| A doctrine holding that human activities are controlled by the environment. |
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| The attitude that one’s own race and culture are superior to others’ |
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| The extension of the power of a nation through direct or indirect control of the economic and political life of other territories. |
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| Economic and political strategies by which powerful states in core economies indirectly maintain or extend their influence over other areas or people. |
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| Regions with undeveloped or narrowly specialized economies with low levels of productivity. |
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| Regions that are able to exploit peripheral regions but are themselves exploited and dominated by core regions. |
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| The fairness of the distribution of a society’s burdens and benefits, taking into account spatial variations in people’s needs and in their contribution to the production of wealth and social well being. |
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| An interdependent system of countries linked by economic and political competition. |
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| The ratio between the number of agriculturists per unit of arable land in a specific area. |
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| The population of individuals born between the years of 1946 and 1964. |
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| The count of the number of people in a country, region, or city. |
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| The study of the characteristics of human populations. |
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| Movement by an individual against his or her will. |
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| Individuals who migrate temporarily to take up jobs in other countries. |
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| A move to another location. |
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| A move within a particular country or region. |
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| Internally Displaced Person (IPS) |
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| Individuals who are uprooted within the boundaries of their own country because of conflict or human rights abuse. |
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| Average number of years an infant newborn can expect to live. |
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| Events and conditions that impel an individual to move from a location. |
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| Forces of attraction that influence migrants to move to a particular location. |
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| An individual who crosses national boundaries to seek safety and asylum- are a significant global problem. |
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| How space, place, and landscape shape culture at the same time that culture shapes space, place, and landscape. |
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| A characteristic and tangible outcome of the complex interactions between a human group and a natural environment. |
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| A shared set of meanings that are lived through the material and symbolic practices of everyday life. |
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| Regional variations in standard languages |
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| A spatial dispersion of a previously homogeneous group. |
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| A socially created system of rules about who belongs and who does not belong to a particular group based upon actual or perceived commonality. |
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| The social differences between men and women rather than the anatomical differences that are related to sex. |
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| The geography of the past. |
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| An Arabic term that means submission to God’s will. |
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| A means of communicating ideas or feelings by means of a conventionalized system of signs, gestures, marks, or articulate vocal sounds. |
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| A collection of several individual languages that are part of a language branch, share a common origin, and have similar grammar and vocabulary. |
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| The practices and meaning systems produced by large groups of people whose norms and tastes are often heterogeneous and change frequently, often in response to commercial products. |
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| A problematic classification of human beings based on skin color and other physical characteristics. |
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| A belief system and set of practices that recognize the existence of a power higher than humans |
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| A form of social identity created by groups who share a set of ideas about collective loyalty and political action. |
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| the musical genre defined largely in response to the sudden increase of non-English language recordings released in the United Kingdom and the United States in the 1980’s. |
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