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human factors
Test 1
155
Aviation
Undergraduate 2
09/29/2009

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Term
What is the study of how people interact with their environments?
Definition
human factors
Term
Human factors ____ information about human behavior, abilities, limitations and other characteristics ____ of tools, machines, tasks, jobs, and environments for ____ human use
Definition
discovers and applies
to the design
productive, safe, comfortable, and effective
Term
What three principles are involved IN HUMAN FACTORS?
Definition
RESEARCH, APPLICATION AND PERFORMANCE
Term
Why study Human Factors in Aviation and ATC Operations? 5 THINGS
Definition
1.Human Factors is the #1 accident cause.
2.Trial and error is a long, expensive, and dangerous process.
3.Aviation and ATC environments have wide fluctuations in activity and demands.
4.Human factors errors tend to be repeated and are preventable.
5.Ineffective performance places valuable resources at risk.
Term
WHAT % OF ACCIDENTS IS CAUSED BY HUMANS?
Definition
70-90%
Term
WHAT ARE THE TWO MAIN CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS?
Definition
HUMANS AND WEATHER
Term
IN HUMAN FACTOR PRINCIPLES, WHAT ABOUT THE USER DO WE HAVE TO KEEP IN MIND?
Definition
SIZE, CAPABILITIES, AND TRAINING OF THE USER
Term
WHAT ARE THREE HUMAN FACTOR MISCONCEPTIONS?
Definition
HUMAN FACTOR IS NOT;
-APPLYING CHECKLIST AND GUIDELINES
-APPLYING AN INDIVIDUAL AS A MODEL
-COMMON SENSE
Term
HUMAN FACTORS IS NOT APPLYING A CHECKLIST AND GUIDELINES BUT
Definition
A COMPLETE EVALUATION OF THE SITUATION IS NEEDED
Term
HUMAN FACTORS IS NOT APPLYING AN INDIVIDUAL AS A MODEL BUT
Definition
A RANGE OF USERS IS NEEDED
Term
HUMAN FACTORS IS NOT COMMON SENSE SINCE ITS
Definition
NOT THAT COMMON
Term
NAME THE FIVE FACETS OF THE SHELL MODEL?
Definition
SOFTWARE
HARDWARE
ENVIRONMENT
LIVEWARE(OTHER)
LIVEWARE(SELF)
Term
NAME THE FOUR INTERFACES OF THE SHELL MODEL?
Definition
SOFTWARE-LIVEWARE
HARDWARE-LIVEWARE
ENVIRONMENT-LIVEWARE
LIVEWARE-LIVEWARE
Term
SOFTWARE IS?
Definition
INSTRUCTIONS

EX; Laws, regulations, company policies
Social norms, manners, or customs
Term
HARDWARE IS?
Definition
Physical man-made equipment

Examples:
Chairs, desks, keyboards.
Cockpit and ATC information displays.
Readability of gauges and placards.
Reach and angle of controls.
Alarm noises
Term
ENVIRONMENT IS?
Definition
All physically present environmental conditions

Examples:
Temperature, wind, humidity
Noise, vibration
Light levels, visibility
Term
LIVEWARE OTHERS IS?
Definition
OTHER PEOPLE THAT YOURSELF
-PEOPLE YOU INTERACT WITH IN ORDER TO COMPLETE MISSION.

EX:Crew members / Cabin Crew
Air Traffic Control
Passengers
Other flight crews
Maintenance Personnel
Law Enforcement/Security
Term
LIVEWARE SELF IS?
Definition
What condition are you in physically, mentally, and emotionally? Who are you, how do you function?
Term
A WOMEN RUNNING AT 2:00AM IN SINGAPORE IS WHAT INTERFACE?
Definition
SOFTWARE-LIVEWARE

RULES ARE VERY STRICT THERE
Term
MAN RUNNING IN MOP-4 EQUIPMENT WOULD HAVE A HARD TIME TO RUN IS WHAT INTERFACE?
Definition
HARDWARE-LIVEWARE
Term
THERE ARE CLEAR SKIES WHEN RUNNING, OR FOG CAUSES AN ACCIDENT IS WHAT INTERFACE?
Definition
ENVIRONMENT-LIVEWARE
Term
COMMUNICATING OR INTERACTING WITH SOMEONE IS WHAT INTERFACE?
Definition
LIVEWARE-LIVEWARE
Term
INTERFACE, A cold cockpit decreases dexterity IS A?
Definition
ENVIRONMENT-LIVEWARE
Term
Mandatory dismissal decreases cheating IS WHAT INTERFACE?
Definition
SOFTWARE-LIVEWARE
Term
Tiny keyboards decrease typing speed?
Definition
HARDWARE-LIVEWARE
Term
Group cohesion decreases disagreements?
Definition
LIVEWARE-LIVEWARE
Term
Heavy gloves decrease grip strength?
Definition
HARDWARE-LIVEWARE
Term
Clear communication improves understanding?
Definition
LIVEWARE-LIVEWARE
Term
Fatigue affected the student’s exam grade?
Definition
LIVEWARE-LIVEWARE
Term
WHAT IS THE ABILITY TO PROCESS INFORMATION?
Definition
COGNITIVE PROCESSING
BRAIN WORKING
Term
WHAT IS THE JOB OF THE HUMAN NERVOUS SYSTEM?
CAN THE NERVES BE MODIFIED?
Definition
TRANSFER IMPULSES

YES
Term
NERVES ARE VERY FRAGILE, WHAT ARE THREE THINGS THEY NEED?
Definition
OXYGEN, SUGAR, REST
Term
mental processes require attention to be completed IS?
Definition
CONSCIOUS
Term
processes require little or no attention to be completed IS?
Definition
SUBCONSCIOUS
Term
MOST OF OUR PERCEPTION IS ______?
Definition
SUBCONSCIOUS
Term
Conscious and subconscious processing can be differentiated by the amount of ____ required?
Definition
attention
Term
The ability to gather and interpret sensory information IS?
Definition
PERCEPTION
Term
OUR PERCEPTION CAN BE MODIFIED BY?
Definition
EXPERIENCE, CONFIDENCE, AND MOTIVATION
Term
____ can be influenced by your thoughts or paradigms?
Definition
Perception
Term
____vision is where your acuity and color vision are best?
Definition
central
Term
what is used for detecting motion, speed and orientation?
Definition
peripheral vision
Term
what is this called if a normal runway line is always there but if it were painted smaller it would be an?
Definition
extraneous cue
Term
__% OF OUR PERCEPTION IS VISUAL?
Definition
80
Term
WHAT IS RELATIVE MOTION?
Definition
OBJECTS IN OUR VISUAL FIELD ARE EASIER TO DETECT
Term
WHAT CAN EFFECT FOCUSING OR TRACKING AN OBJECT?
Definition
VIBRATION AND ACCELERATION
Term
WHAT SENSES ARE EFFECTED BY VISUAL PERCEPTION?
Definition
SMELL, HEARING, VESTIBULAR SENSATIONS
Term
When things don’t make senSE WHAT MAY BE THE source of problem?
Definition
PERCEPTION
Term
Describes human information processing IS?
Definition
MULTIPLE RESOURCE THEORY
Term
What are resources? (4 levels)
Definition
STAGES
INPUT SOURCES
PROCESSING CODES
RESPONSE TYPE
Term
MRT STAGES HAS WHAT TWO STAGES UNDER IT?
Definition
PERCEPTUAL AND COGNITIVE STAGE
RESPONSE SELECTION AND EXECUTION STAGE
Term
STAGES REFERS TO WHAT LEVEL OF ____IS NEEDED?
Definition
BRAIN ACTIVITY
Term
INPUT SOURCES IS?
Definition
WHAT SENSES YOU ARE USING
Term
PROCESSING CODES IS LIKE?
Definition
SOLVING A MATHEMATICAL PROBLEM
Term
MRT RESPONSES, WHAT ACTIONS DO I PERFORM?
Definition
VOICE AND MOTOR(MOVEMENT)
Term
PERCEPTUAL AND COGNITIVE STAGE REQUIRES?
Definition
A HIGH LEVEL OF THOUGHT OR IS HARD
Term
RESPONSE SELECTION AND EXECUTION STAGE REQUIRES?
Definition
NOT MUCH THOUGHT AND EASY
Term
What stage would walking and not counting steps would be?
Definition
RESPONSE SELECTION AND EXECUTION
Term
WHAT STAGE WOULD HAVING TO EXPLAIN THE GOVERNMENT STRUCTURE BE?
Definition
PERCEPTUAL AND COGNITIVE STAGE
Term
WHAT ARE THE TWO PRIMARTY TASKS PERFORMED IN PROCESSING CODES?
Definition
LANGUAGE AND SPACIAL
Term
SPACIAL SKILLS REFERS TO_____
LANGUAGE SKILL REFERS TO_____
Definition
AIRPORT IN RELATION TO NANTUCKET-THINKING ABOUT DIRECTION

READING A WORD
Term
MRT: Responses
What resources are used to perform tasks?
Definition
LANGUAGE AND MOTOR SKILLS
Term
Example 1
What resources are used?

Driving a car
Conversation
Definition
RSE
AUDITORY
SPACIAL
VOCAL
Term
Example 2
What resources are used?

Driving a car
Texting (Cellphone)
Definition
RSE
VISUAL
SPACIAL
MOTOR
Term
Our ability to direct resources to an area of interest or need IS?
Definition
ATTENTION
Term
FOUR TYPES OF ATTENTION ARE?
Definition
SELECTIVE
FOCUS
DIVIDED SUSTAINED
Term
When performing two tasks, interference increases as?
Definition
task demands increase, or
there is greater sharing of resources.
Term
IMPROVING SELECTICE ATTENTION, Decrease the number of sources you have to monitor. This would decrease __ __ ?
WHAT COULD YOU DO WITH THE GUAGES TO IMPROVE THIS?
Definition
LOAD STRESS
PUT THEM CLOSER TOGETHER
Term
____ IS AN EXAMPLE OF sELECTIVE ATTENTION?
________ IS AN EXAMPLE OF FOCUSED ATTENTION?
____ IS AN EXAMPLE OF DIVIDED ATTENTION?
____ IS AN EXAMPLE OF SUSTAINED ATTENTION?
Definition
-INSTRUMENT FLYING(UNDER PRESSURE WE TEND TO USE LESS RESOURCES)
-WATCHING A MOVIE(SINGLE SOURCE AT ONCE)
-MANUVERING WHILE TALKING ON RADIO(TWO TASKS AT ONCE)
-MONITORING YOUR SURROUNDINGS
Term
YOUR NAME, ADDRESS, AND OTHER STUFF THAT CAN EASILY BE PULLED OUT OF YOUR BRAIN, Well-developed nerve pathways IS CALLED AN?
Definition
ENGRAM
Term
LOAD STRESS VS. SPEED STRESS wHICH is a greater factor in performance?
Definition
LOAD STRESS
Term
WHAT IS A DISTRACTION WITH FOCUSED ATTENTION?
Definition
GETTING A TEXT WHILE WATCHING A MOVIE
Term
SUSTAINED ATTENTION, WHAT ARE 2 GUIDELINES?
Definition
KEEP OPERATED MOTIVATED
MAKE SIGNALS EASIER TO DETECT
Term
_____ sharing impacts performance?
Definition
Resource
Term
wHAT ARE THE 3 TYPES OF MEMORY?
Definition
SHORT, LONG , AND SENSORY MEMORY
Term
WHAT TYPE OF MEMORY...
NO ATTENTION REQUIRED
TEMPORARY STORAGE
PROCESS IT BUT DONT REMEMBER
Definition
SENSORY
Term
WHAT TYPE OF MEMORY...
LIMITED CAPACITY
ATTENTION IS REQUIRED
SHORT DURATION
Definition
SHORT TERM
Term
WHAT TYPE OF MEMORY...
RETAIN INFO FOR LONG PERIODS OF TIME
Definition
LONG TERM
Term
The ability of the brain to organize, store, and retrieve information IS?
Definition
MEMORY
Term
AUDITORY AND VISUAL ARE WHAT TYPE OF MEMORY?
Definition
SENSORY
Term
Information is encoded several ways, WHAT ARE THE THREE WAYS IN SHORT TERM MEMORY TO ENCODE?
Definition
VISUAL
PHONETIC
SEMANTIC
Term
VISUAL IS___
PHONETIC IS____
SEMANTIC IS____
Definition
VISUAL
AUDITORY
INFO W/ MEANING
Term
WHERE ARE ENGRAMS FORMED?
Definition
LONG TERM MEMORY
Term
Transfer IN LONG TERM MEMORY is by ____ coding OR WHAT CODING IS USED IN LONG TERM MEMORY?
Definition
semantic - INFO W/ MEANING
Term
Interference with motor skill development, WHAT ARE THE TWO DISTRACTIONS?
Definition
1.Distraction in the early learning phases
2.Inadequate time to develop basic skills
Term
WHAT ARE SOME TECHNIQUES TO OPTIMIZE LEARNING? (4)
Definition
CREATE ENGRAMS, BE ORGANIZED, DEVELOPE SEMANTIC CODING, STUDY
Term
What is judgment?
Definition
A decision, opinion or conclusion after due consideration
A SKILL SET THAT IS DEVELOPED AND TAKES STEPS
Term
_____ is the sum of awareness management, decision-making, and risk assessment.
Definition
JUDGEMENT
Term
WHAT ARE THE TWO FORM OF JUDGEMENT?
Definition
COGNATIVE AND PERCEPTUAL
Term
WHAT JUDGEMENT TAKES ALOT OF THINKING?
WHAT JUDGEMENT IS EASY TO LEARN AND IS MOSTLY THINGS YOU ALREADY KNOW?
Definition
COGNITIVE
PERCEPTUAL
Term
WHEN YOU FIRST LEARN TO FLY IT IS ____ BUT THE MORE YOU DO IT THEN IT BECOMES _____
Definition
COGNATIVE, PERCEPTUAL
Term
_____TRAINING IS WHEN YOU ARE TRAINED INCORRECTLY WHERE AS_____ IS WHEN WE TEACH OURSELVES THE WRONG WAY TO DO SOMETHING OR NEVER HAD A PROBLEM SO YOU THINK ITS OK?
Definition
IMPROPER, VICARIOUS LEARNING
Term
Decisions based on your experience with the situation or problem IS?
Definition
Recognition-Primed Decisions (RPD)
Term
WHEN YOUR INSTRUCTOR PULLS THE STALL HORN SO THAT WAY YYOU CAN RECONIZE4 IT IS ?
Definition
Recognition-Primed Decisions (RPD)
Term
wHAT IS A CHALLENGE TO Recognition-Primed Decisions (RPD)?
Definition
ANAMALIES
Term
WHAT IS AN ANAMALIES?
Definition
PEICE OF INFO THAT DOESNT FIT THE STORY
Term
Recognition-Primed Decisions (RPD) DEPEND UPON WHAT?
Definition
PRIOR EXPERIENCE
Term
RATIONAL CHOICE DECISIONS ARE USED TO ?
Definition
CREATE AN OPTION
Term
wHATS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN Recognition-Primed Decisions (RPD) AND RATIONAL CHOICE?
Definition
Recognition-Primed Decisions (RPD) IS SOMETHING THAT IS BASED ON EXPERIENCE WHERE RATIONAL CHOICE IS MOSTLY AN UNFAMILIAR SITUATION
Term
Jensen and Trollip'S Judgment Process Model HAS WHAT 8 ASPECTS?
Definition
BADRAPPV
-BACKGROUND
-ACTION
-DECISION
-RISK ANALYSIS
-ALTERNATIVE GENERATION
-PROBLEM DISCOVERY
-PROBLEM DIAGNOSIS
-VIGILANCE
Term
VIGILANCE NEEDS TWO THINGS TO MAKE IT HAPPEN, WHAT ARE THEY?
Definition
ATTENTION(BE ALERT) AND KNOW WHAT YOUR LOOKING FOR (KNOWLEDGE)

(LOOKING FOR AND EXPECTING PROBLEMS)
Term
What degrades your vigilance?
Definition
NOT PAYING ATTENTION, NO KNOWLEGE
Term
Recognition of a change in status, with or without warning IS?
Definition
PROBLEM DISCOVERY
Term
PROBLEM DISCOVERY IS KNOW WHAT IS ____?
Definition
NORMAL AND WHAT IS NOT NORMAL
(CHANGE IN THE STATUS OF FLIGHT)
Term
CHANGING THE DESIGN IN CARS WHEN APPLYING A THIRD BRAKE IS WHAT JUGEMENT PROCESS?
Definition
PROBLEM DISCOVERY
Term
Correctly identifying the problem IS?
Definition
Problem diagnosis
Term
Recalling or creating options OR IDENTIFYING A SERIES OF ALTERNATIVES THAT MAY BE AVAILABLE TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM IS?
Definition
ALTERNATE GENERATION
Term
The aspect asks: ‘What is the likelihood and impact of failure of
each option? IS AN EXAMPLE OF?
EX:PILOT DETERMINES THE RISK INVOLVED IN EACH ALTERNATIVE...
Definition
RISK ANALYSIS
Term
Emotional aspects that influence decisions IS? ALSO, A MAJOR PART IN THE COGNITIVE PROCESS
Definition
BACKGROUND
Term
WHAT ARE SOME COMMON BACKGROUND PROBLEMS?
Definition
PEER PRESSURE, FINANCIAL PRESSURE, ILLNESS AND FATIGUE
Term
ACTUALY CHOOSING YOUR OPTION OR THE PILOTS MIND IS ALREADY MADE UP, YOU HAVE CHOSEN YOUR PATH, AND NOW READY TO ACT IS?
Definition
DECISION
Term
How do we develop skills to make decisions?
Definition
DO THING OR TO JUST DO IT
Term
The process of coordinating actions to carry out your choice OR THE ONE THAT THE PILOT ACTS ON DECISION IS?
Definition
ACTION
Term
RC model: In which step of the RC Model did the individual fail?
While the student knows the answer to the professor’s question, they fail to participate in the class because they don’t want to appear wrong in front of their colleagues.

What step in the Rational choice model failed?
Definition
PEER PRESSURE, BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND AFFECTED? ACTION
Term
RC Problem #2
The VFR pilot was desperately looking out the window for a hole in the clouds (for over 30 seconds) when he lost control of the aircraft. NTSB: He failed to monitor his instruments to maintain a flyable attitude.

What step in the Rational choice model failed? __________________________
Definition
VIGILENCE, FAILED TO USE RESOURCES
Term
RC Problem #3
Although he could hear the whine and flopping noise from his right rear tire, he thought it was normal on this rough, gravel road. The car actually had a flat tire and he lost control. NDSHP: He failed to recognize the tire failure.

What step in the Rational choice model failed? __________________________
Definition
DISCOVERY, FAILED TO NOTICE THE TIRE WAS NORMAL OR NOT
Term
RC Problem #4
Following an engine failure on takeoff at an altitude of 200 feet AGL, a pilot attempts to turn 180 degrees to return to the runway instead of landing on a field straight ahead. He later states he wanted to minimize damage to his aircraft by going back to the runway.

What step in the Rational choice model failed? __________________________
Definition
RISK ANALYSIS, DIDNT THINK OF RISK
Term
RC Problem #5
The student got a flat tire on the way to the first block exam. He decided to drop the class as he thought is was an automatic failure to miss a block exam in Human Factors.

What step in the Rational choice model failed? __________________________
Definition
ALTERNATE GENERATION, CREATING OPTIONS, DIDNT KNOW HE COULD RETAKE
Term
RATIONAL CHOICES ARE ____ WHILE rpd ARE _____?
Definition
SLOWER, FASTER
Term
____is a preference in the way we approach decisions, based on our prior experience?
Definition
BIAS
Term
Our experience creates _____ assumptions, which filter information and impact our decisions.
Definition
subconscious
Term
Humans seek more information than they can absorb in a given time IS WHAT BIAS?
Definition
SHORT TERM MEMORY ISSUE, THINK WE ARE SMARTER THAN WE ARE
Term
Humans tend not to extract enough information from sources IS?
Definition
COMMON HUMAN PARADIGM
WE THINK WE KNOW ALL THE ANSWERS
Term
Early information is considered more important or accurate OR We consider all information to be equally reliable, when it is not IS AN EXAMPLE OF?
Definition
IRRATIONAL DECISION AMKING
Term
_____ is more often a result of poor planning/inefficiency rather than an emergency
Definition
Time pressure
Term
WHAT ARE THE THREE HUMAN Responses to Time Pressure?
Definition
ACCELERATING, FILTERING, AND PROBLEM SOLVING STRATEGIES CHANGE
Term
Faster pace of activity, eliminating rests, pauses, or interruptions. ALSO, FOING TO FAST IS?
Definition
ACCELERATION
Term
Prioritize information received, using only what is needed,
Negative information receives a higher priority IS?
Definition
FILTERING

ONLY READING A FEW KEY WORDS
Term
Strategies don’t use all of the information available
Strategies look at the single most critical aspect of the situation and react to it.
Strategies make use of less information
IS?
Definition
PROBLEM SOLVING STRATEGIES CHANGE

DOING SOMETHING DIFFERENT THAN BEFORE
Term
Attention Anomalies, WHAT Redirects attention and perception resources elsewhere?
Definition
DISTRACTION

FOCUS ATTENTION
Term
ATTENTION ANOMALIES, WHAT is focused attention inappropriate for the situation?
Definition
CHANNELED ATTENTION

FIXATION, FOCUS ATTENTION
Term
is when our perceptual and processing capabilities are overwhelmed?
Definition
TASK SATURATION

TOO MUCH GOING ON
Term
WHAT is ignoring a predictable and recurrent input?
Definition
HABITUATION

BOY WHO CRUED WOLF
Term
WHAT IS IT WHEN YOU ARE EXPOSED TO SOMETHING SO MUCH YOU DONT EVEN NOTICE IT ANYMORE?
Definition
HABITUATION
Term
the process of using procedures from a previous setting inappropriately in a current setting IS?
Definition
NEGATIVE TRANSFER
Term
WHAT IS AN EXAMPLE OF NEGATIVE TRANSFER?
Definition
GOING FROM A STICK TO A AUTOMATIC

YOU LOOK FOR A CLUTCH WHEN THERE ISNT ONE
Term
our perception can be altered by our expectation of what we are about to perceive IS?
Definition
EXPECTANCY
Term
WHAT IS AN EXAMPLE OF EXPECTANCY?
Definition
TENERIFE ACCIDENT
GOT POSITION AND HOLD BUT THOUGHT TAKE OFF INSTEAD CAUSE HE EXPECTED IT
Term
_____ can be the result of an incorrect action or be due to failing to detect or report a previously committed error?
Definition
ERROR
Term
Three Types of Errors ARE?
Definition
-Decisional (Errors of Intention)
-Procedural AND Perceptual Motor (Errors of Execution)
Term
ERROR OF INTENTION MEANS_____
ERROR OF EXECUTION MEANS_____
Definition
-DID WHAT YOU WANTED TO DO
-WANTED TO DO THE RIGHT THING BUT SOMETHING WENT WRONG
Term
An error in which you performed an act which you intended, but was later determined that act was incorrect IS?
Definition
DECISIONAL

taking off with a 20 knot tailwind
flying under bridges
continuing flight into IFR conditions with inadequate training or equipment
Term
When the operator intended to do something other than what happened IS?
Definition
PROCEDURAL AND PERCEPTUAL MOTOR ERROR
Term
Intending to performing one task, but incorrectly performing another IS?
Definition
PROCEDURAL ERROR

TYPING A PAPER, YOU MISSED A KEY, AND SPELT THE WRONG WORD
Term
NEGATIVE TRANSFER IS A ___?
Definition
PROCEDURAL ERROR
Term
These errors result due to faulty perception / interpretation or poor motor control IS?
Definition
PERCEPUTAL MOTOR ERROR

A lack of understanding of what you see and hear, or an inadequate development of skill
Term
Tripping on the stairs
Entering a spin after stall recovery
Misreading instruments
ARE ALL EXAMPLES OF?
Definition
PROCEPTUAL MOTOR ERROR

VISUAL ILLUSIONS
Term
The aircraft crashed short of the runway after a deteriorating airspeed and flight path while on approach. Upon investigation, you determined …

How could this error be decisional?
Definition
NO USEABLE FUEL BUT TOOK OFF ANYWAYS
Term
The aircraft crashed short of the runway after a deteriorating airspeed and flight path while on approach. Upon investigation, you determined …
How could this error be procedural?
How could this error be perceptual motor?
Definition
- TANKS NEEDED SWITCHED SO YOU MEANT TO SWITCH THEM BUT TURNED THEM OFF
-WASNT WATCHING AIRSPEED INDICATOR
Term
What error type?
At the beginning of the flight, he lifted off into a hover, and then performed a pedal-turn into the wind prior to entering translational lift. During the turn, the snow pad on one of the helicopter's skids caught in some tall brush, resulting in a dynamic rollover into the terrain. According to the pilot, there was no problem with the helicopter's flight controls, but he simply failed to see that there was tall brush (approximately six feet high) behind and to the right of the aircraft.
Definition
PERCEPTUAL ERROR
Term
What error type?
The Lear 35A was substantially damaged during an in-flight recovery after the captain attempted an intentional aileron roll maneuver during cruise flight and lost control. The captain reported the airplane was "functioning normally" prior to the intentional aileron roll maneuver. The captain stated that the "intentional roll maneuver got out of control" while descending through flight level 200, they experienced "excessive G-loads" during the subsequent recovery.
Definition
DECISIONAL-INTENTIONAL ROLL OVER
PERCEPRTUAL ERROR-OUT OF CONTROL
Term
What type of error?
Controllers were in the process of changing the runway configuration from landing and departing from the west to landing and departing to the east. The tower local controller instructed a Boeing 757, "cleared for take off runway 9, fly heading 110 at the marker". Controller then saw an aircraft on landing roll on runway 27 and noticed there were still other aircraft inbound for runway 27 and instructed the 757 to abort the takeoff.
Definition
PROCEDURAL
Term
A series of errors, or chain, creating conditions favorable for an accident IS?
Definition
ERROR CHAIN
Term
One error increases the likelihood of the significance of subsequent errors IS AN EXAMPLE OF?
Definition
ERROR CHAIN
Term
HOW DO WE DECREASE ERROR FREQUENCY?
Definition
CHECKLIST, READ BACK CLEARANCES
Term
HOW DO WE REDUCE ERROR CONSEQUENCE?
Definition
SEAT BELTS, AIR BAGS, ETL
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