Term
|
Definition
"Millennium man"
6 mya
Tugen Hills of Kenya
Marten Pickford, Brigette Senut
Unknown
Signs of bipedalism |
|
|
Term
| Sahelanthropus tchadensis |
|
Definition
7 mya
Chad, Central Africa
Michael Brunett
320-380 cc
Foramen magnum, small brain, heavy brow, huge back molars, small incisors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"ardy"
4.4-4.5 mya
Ethiopia
Tim white
400 cc
Bipedal, smaller canines-not pointed |
|
|
Term
| Australopithecus anamensis |
|
Definition
3-4 mya
E. africa
Meave Leakey
unknown brain
Closest to ape australopithecus (oldest), tibia shape = bipedal, thick enamel on teeth |
|
|
Term
| Australopithecus afarensis |
|
Definition
"Lucy"
3.2 mya
Ethiopia
Donald Johanson
375-500 cc
No chin, long arms, bowl shaped pelvis (bipedal), locked knee, post orbital constriction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
3.5 mya
Tanzania
Mary Leakey
big toe next to all other toes, arched feet |
|
|
Term
| Australopithecus africanus |
|
Definition
"Taung child"
3-3.2 mya
Taung, Sterkfontein
Raymond Dart, Broom
420-500cc
elongated skull, reduced canines, human-like pelvis |
|
|
Term
| Astralopithecus bahrelghazalia |
|
Definition
3.5-3.0 mya
W. Africa
Michelle Brunet |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"surprise"
2.5 mya
Bourin Middle Awash valley
Berhane Asfaw, Time White
350-450cc
some evidence for tool use, large molars |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"flat-face man"
3.5 mya
W. Lake Turkana
Meave Leakey
small ear canal, small teeth, flat face |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"flat-face man"
3.5 mya
W. Lake Turkana
Meave Leakey
small ear canal, small teeth, flat face |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"black skull"
2.7-2.5 mya
Ethiopia Kenya
Alan Walker, Richard Leakey
410cc
smallest brain, massive face, very strong jaw |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"next to man"
2-1.5 mya
S. Africa in limestone caves (Kromdaii)
Robert Brown
530cc
larger skull, brow ridge, small canines |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"zinj"
2-1 mya
Tanzania Oldavi gorge
Mary & Louis Leakey
500-550cc
post-orbital constriction, large molars, thick enamel on teeth, sagittal crest, flaring zygomats |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"handy man"
1.5-2 mya
Koobi Fora (Lake Turkana)
Richard Leakey
650cc
larger, rounder skull, less prognathic face, larger body, smaller teeth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1.5-2 mya
Koobi Fora (Lake Turkana)
Leakey's team
500-750cc
larger brain case, long face, large molars and premolars |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"Java man" "peking man"
1.8-250,000
Africa, Mid. East, India, China
Eugene Dubois
900-1200cc
short arms, long legs, obligate biped, post-orbital constriction, post-cranially modern, sagittal keel, wide and low skull |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
800,000 ya
Gran Dolina of Sierra de ata puerca, Spain
Eudald Carboness, Juan Luis Arsuaga
1000 cc
rounded supraorbital toris, less post orbital constriction, larger incisors, smaller molars, inflated zygomats, occipital bun |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"turkana boy"
1.6 mya
Turkana
Alan Walker
750-1225 cc
5ft 3 in. tall, postcranially modern, prognathic face, less-pronounced brow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"archaic homo sapien"
200,000-125,000 ya
Dali, Jihniushan, Mabu, Broken Hill
1200 cc
rounder supraorbital toris, smaller teeth, large nasal opening, human thickness of bone and size of teeth, receding foreheads and chin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"neanderthal"
150,000-30,000ya
Philippe-Charles Schmerling
1600cc
occipital bun, low forehead, lack of chin, large incisors, robust body, bowed bones from heavy lifting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
160,000 ya
Klasies river mouth
Paul Haslem and Ludwig Abel
1400 cc
have chin, high forehead, lack of brow ridge, small incisors and molars |
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