Term
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Definition
1.the probable hominins
2.Gracile australopiths--Australopithicus
3.Robust australopiths
4.Homo Habilis |
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Term
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Definition
o sehalanthropus tchadensis (7-6 myrs)
o orrorin tugemensis (6-2)
o ardipithecus kadabba
o Ardipithecus ramidus |
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Term
| Gracile australopiths--Australopithicus |
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Definition
• A. anamensis
• A. afarensis
• A. africanus
• A. sediba
• A. barelgazali
• Kenyapithecus platyops |
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Term
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Definition
• Paranthropus
• Aethiopicus
• Boisei
• Robustus |
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Term
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Definition
• Erectus
• Rudolfensis
• Sapiens
• Heidelburgensis
• Neandethalensis |
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Term
| Major Sites of early hominins |
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Definition
• Eastern Africa (Kenya, Tanzania, ethipoia)
• South Africa
• One site in central Africa |
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Term
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Definition
• Big toe not inline
• Discovered in Ethiopia
• Thin tooth enamel
a foramen magnum in line with bipedalism |
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Term
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Definition
• Found in Kenya near lake turkana
• Very large thick canines.
• Parabolic arch
• Knocked knee creatures (standing on two legs)
• Flexability in elbow..so prolly chilled in trees occasionally |
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Term
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Definition
• Found in Ethiopia and Tanzania
• 400 cc in brain size. Just a little bigger than chimps.
• Prognathic jaw which means its less flat.
• Parabolic arch.
• Reduced canines
• Post cranial
Long arms, short legs
Valgus knees (definitely bipedal at some point)
Long and curved from swinging in trees |
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Term
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Definition
• Larger brain (450-500cc)
• Forehead development-frontal cortex forming
• Prognathic face is reducing.
• Canines are heavily reduced.
• Big jaws
• Afarensis looking post cranial body
• Shape of hip is just like afarensis |
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Term
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Definition
• Flat face
• Possible forehead
• Broad shorter skull-possible homo?
• Found in Malapa
• Small teeth
• Flat thickly enameled
• Arms are long, tiny hands
• Two legged action |
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Term
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Definition
evolution of characters at various rates both within and between species.
Hominid evolution: the early evolution of bipedalism in Australopithecines, and its modification of the pelvic girdle took place well before there was any significant change in the skull, or brain size. |
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Term
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Definition
Ethiopia
• Found in same temporal deposits where there are some of the earliest stone tools
• 450 cc cranial capacity
• had fairly large molars with thick enamel
• femur is fairly long compared to humerus. Arms seems more ape like, which is weird cause humans don’t have that |
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Term
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Definition
Kenya
• got broad flat face.
• Small brain
• Thick enamel but the cheek teeth are small |
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Term
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Definition
o Primitive
• Several afarensis like traits
• Smallish brain- 400-450cc
• Prognathic snout (snout pulls forward)
• Compound temporonucal crest neck muscles
• Moderate sized incisors
o Derived
• Big sagittal crest
• Dish shaped midface
• Flaring zygomatic arches
• Frontal trigon (above brow ridge)
• Large molars
• Thick mandible |
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Term
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Definition
• Shares with p. aethiopicus
o Dish faced
o Flaring zygomatic
o Sagittal crest
o Large flat molars (largest ever recovered)
o Hyperrobust --megadont!
o Ate whatever he wants
• Small incisors
• Othronathic
• 530 cc brain size
• No temporonucal crest |
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Term
| paranthropus robustus vs aus. africanus |
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Definition
• larger temporal fossa
• shorter snout
• sagittal crest (males only)
• face is hafted
• flatter forehead
• flatter face
• major differences are dietary |
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Term
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Definition
• not as robust as boziei
• flaring zygomatic arches
• frontal trigon
• 530 cc brain
• like boizei: orthonathic snout, small incisors, lack of compound temporonucal crest
• very big molar teeth
• tall jaw, meaning lots of power it can generate. |
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Term
| Pliocene hominid systematics |
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Definition
• over time more diversity occurs
o possibly because less fossils. Haven’t been looking in earliest deposits.
o Evolution could have just diversified over time. Starting with only just one. |
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