Term
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Definition
term used for shared, derived charcteristics
-shared by a group of organisms |
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Term
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Definition
similar features, shared by unrelated organisms
example
wing of a bat, wing of a bird simalirty not due to commone ancestry |
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Term
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Definition
3000 mya
first micro organisms |
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Term
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Definition
Begins with cambrian explosion
plants colonize on land, segmented critters, amphibans 570-280 |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
metor-
devils tail-
yucatan peninsula
crater 180 km diameter
mass extention |
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Term
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Definition
mammalin adaptive radiation
65-1.8 mya |
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Term
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Definition
65-55 ma
-cooler climates
North america/ greenland/europe connected
africa/South america and island
antartica/austrila connected
-angiosperm,adaptive radiations
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Term
| orders most closley related to primates |
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Definition
1. Dermoptera- colugos
2.chiroptera-bats
3.scandenta-tree shrews |
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Term
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Definition
55-34 mya
N.america+ eurasia connected until45 mya
prosiman adaptive radiation
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Term
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Definition
34-23 mya
primates present in s america in beggining
old world/ new world split during oligocene
fossils found in fayum depresssion |
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Term
| New world/ old world monkey split |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| study the process from death to fossilization |
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Term
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Definition
| found in africa just before nw/ow monkey split 2.1.3.3 Squirrell/monkey like |
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Term
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Definition
| largest of the fayum anthropoids 2.1.2.3 stem catarrhine y5 molar pattern ancestral to owm apes + humans larger visual cortex caning dimorphism slow moving quadraped |
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Term
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Definition
| changes in one functional system occur at different rate than other functional systems |
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Term
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Definition
23 mya
hominoid adaptive radiation
in cenozoic
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Primate like but not true primates
diverse group
came before primates
in the paleocene |
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Term
| 2 major groups of earliest primates in eocene |
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Definition
1. Adapids- ancestral to modern lemurs
2. omomyids-ancestral to haplorhines
had an adpative radiation |
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Term
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Definition
Hominoid (humans,great apes, lessser apes)
Hominoid adaptive radiation accured in the miocene
Homminodid dilemma ( could not adapte quick enough to changes, could not have kids quick enough to increase poup.) |
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Term
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Definition
ancestor to mordern orgautans
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| they study of animal and plant fossils |
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Term
| Multi disciplunary approach |
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Definition
geologist-interpert the layers
geophsicists- age the fossil site
paleoecolgists- reconstruct the enviroment
anatomists/biomechanics- reconstruct critter +its movement
archeolgists -inturpurt tools |
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Term
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Definition
Located in kenya, africa
a ridge with trenchs on either side, Fossil site for many early hominid |
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Term
| Absoulute Dating techiniques |
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Definition
Aka chrometric, radiometrice dating
-gives an actual age or something |
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Term
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Definition
| Dating by dating the earth (rock) around where the fossils are found... gives a time range not exact date |
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Term
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Definition
| gives and absoulute date of a fossil by using chemicals such as uranium, or potassium by putting it on fossil and by using the half life of the chemical determines how old the fossil is |
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Term
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Definition
branch of stratigraphy
dates the fossils by dateing the rocks around, and deterimineing what type of rock sediment was laid |
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Term
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Definition
used to date fossil "lucy"
must be used on volcanic materials |
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Term
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Definition
| Florine content test, determined that the fossil had absorbed very little florine from the soil |
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Term
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Definition
A feature the identifieys one sex, but really has nothing to with the reporductive process
Sexual selection |
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Term
| Changes in the skull for bipeedality |
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Definition
| foramen magnum moved forward under the skull |
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Term
| Changes in the spine for bipeds |
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Definition
Spine becmae s shapep, 2 curves
neck-kyphosis
lower back-lordasis |
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Term
| changes in the pelvis for bipeds |
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Definition
3 bones ilium, ischium, pubis
sacrum- became part of vertebral column
ilium- became short broad curved like a bowl
pubis-longer in 2 domensions mediolateral +superior inferior |
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Term
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Definition
| gluteus medius, minius keeps from falling to the side when standing on one leg |
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Term
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Definition
| gluteus maxiumus (butt)) keeps you from falling forward when walking |
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Term
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Definition
Short 3.5 feet tall
post crania (head) fully bipedal
ape like arms- long
small canines
supnasal prognathism
large temoralis muscle
saggital kept crest ridge of bone on top of skull or orgin |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
au anamensis
au afarenis "lucy"
au afrucanus "taung baby" |
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Term
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Definition
Au afarenis
two sites, laetor + hadar
homind dateing 3.7-3.0 mya ago |
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Term
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Definition
states climate is related to body size
colder the climate the shorter and stouter the body size, warmer climate the longer taller body |
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Term
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Definition
| climate is related to the size of appendages |
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Term
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Definition
| robust have bulkier bones, larger molars, jaw stuck out farther, Gracile less specialized, robust more specialized avioded competetiona nd only lived in one enviroment |
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Term
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Definition
| changes the way we thought about evolution because it showed that bipedailty evolved way before we thought, and that humans did not dircetly come from apes |
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Term
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Definition
| genus name for robust australopithecines |
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Term
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Definition
3.6 mya
found in tanzinia
two early humans walked through wet volcanic ash
most likely Australopithecus afarensis |
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Term
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Definition
first use of tools
2.5 mya |
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Term
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Definition
began 1.8 mya
the ice age |
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Term
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Definition
| are believed to be the direct line to modern humans went extinct 1million years ago |
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Term
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Definition
| defining characteristic bipedaility, africa, 23-5 mya |
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Term
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Definition
first to leave africa, went to eruasia, europe. india
tools- auechelan
existed from 1.8- 1.3 mya
smaller brain size |
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Term
| what is regional continiuty and replacement models |
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Definition
| how homo ercetus and modern day homo sapiens left africa and envloved into new locations |
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Term
| hominoids in chrological order newest to oldest |
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Definition
A.boisei
A.robustus
H.Habilis
A.Garhi
A. Africanus
A. Aethiopicus
A. Afarensis
A. Anamemnis
Ardipithecus
O.tugensis
S. tchandnsis |
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Term
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Definition
| tool culture associated with archaic homo sapians |
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