Term
| weight and height in preschool children age 2 |
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Definition
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Term
| when do the majority of preschool accidents happen? |
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Definition
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Term
| weight and height in preschool children age 6 |
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Definition
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Term
| how many different kinds of colds afftect preschoolers? |
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Definition
| 7-10 causing runny nose (frequently) |
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Term
| Before the age of 10,are children more likely to die from an accident than from an illness? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the greater dangers of injuries? |
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Definition
high levels of physical activity
curiosity
lack of judgement |
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Term
| when is lead poisoning most dangerous in children? |
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Definition
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Term
| high levels of lead are linked to higher levels of? |
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Definition
| antisocial behavior in school age children, causing aggression & delinquency |
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Term
| What does the DHHS calls the most hazardous health threat to children under the age of 6? |
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Definition
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Term
| What part of the body grows the fastest? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| body weight more than 20 percent higher than the average weight for a person of a given age and height |
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Term
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Definition
| protective insulation that surrounds parts of neurons—which speeds the transmission of electrical impulses along brain cells but also adds to brain weight |
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Term
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Definition
| a tendency of the two hemispheres to adopt specialized tasks |
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Term
During the preschool years, boys on the average start becoming taller and heavier than girls.
True or False |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following suggestions is NOT recommended for preventing obesity in children?
a. Provide food that is high in nutritional value.
b. Make sure meals are low in fat.
c. Ensure a consistent diet with little variety.
d. Allow children to develop their own food preferences. |
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Definition
| c. Ensure a consistent diet with little variety. |
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Term
Which of the following benefits was NOT included in the discussion of minor illnesses in preschoolers?
a. Prevents the development of empathy
b. Builds up immunities
c. Permits children to understand their bodies
d. Helps children develop coping skills |
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Definition
| a. Prevents the development of empathy |
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Term
| what is the cerebral cortex responsible for? |
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Definition
| sophisticated info processing |
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Term
| what does the cerebellum control in the brain? |
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Definition
| balance and refined motor movement |
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Term
| The increase in ______ in the brain is particularly important for intellectual development. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the preschool period marked by? |
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Definition
| physical growth & rapid brain growth |
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Term
| During the preschool years, the two halves of the brain become more specialized in a process called |
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Definition
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Term
| Language differences between male and female brains may not be just the product of genetics, but also the environment. For example, females may have better language skills because: |
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Definition
| they receive more encouragement for verbal skills than do boys. |
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Term
| What is gross motor skills? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do children by the age of 3 have masterd? |
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Definition
| jumping, hopping on 1 foot, skipping & running |
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Term
| What is fine motor skills? |
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Definition
| delicate smaller body movements, clear developmental pattern & require much practice |
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Term
| when is toilet training ok to start? |
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Definition
| when child stays dry for a min of 2 hrs in daytime, stays dry after a nap, has regular & predictable bowel movements, puts off with resistance & major change. |
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Term
| In addition to changes in myelination, another reason that motor skills develop so rapidly during the preschool years is because children spend a great deal of time |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| ages 2-7 children use of symbolic thinking grows, mental reasoning emerges, & the use of concepts increases |
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Term
| centration "what you see is what you get" |
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Definition
| process of concentrating on one limited superficial aspect of a stimulus |
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Term
| conservation "learning that appearances are deceiving" |
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Definition
| knowledge that quantity is unrelated to the arangement and physical apperance of objects |
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Term
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Definition
| the process in which one state is changed into another |
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Term
| egocentrisms "the inability to take other's perspectives" |
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Definition
| thinking that does not take into account the viewpoints of others |
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Term
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Definition
| thinking that reflects preschoolers use of primitive reasoning and their avid acquisition of knowledge about the world |
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Term
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Definition
| a memory of a particular event from one's own life, achieves little accuracy until then and increasesgradually throughout the preschool years. |
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Term
| do all autobiographical memories last into later life? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| broad representation in memories of events and the order in which they occur |
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Term
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Definition
| proposed that the focus of cognitive development should be on a child’s social and cultural world, |
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Term
| zone of proximal development |
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Definition
| level at which a child cam almost perform a task independently but can do so w the assistance of someone more competent |
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Term
| how does cultural factors affect autobographical memory |
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Definition
| culture tells what's important & what is not |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Are scripted events more or less accurate? |
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Definition
| less accurate than unscripte in memory |
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Term
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Definition
| lack of awarebess that others see things from a different physical perspective. failure to realize that others may hold thought, feelings and points |
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Term
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Definition
| curiosity arises. act authoritative behavior of unknown topics, no logic of what they think they know |
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Term
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Definition
| understand notion of functionality |
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Term
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Definition
| actions, events and outcomes are related to one another in patterns |
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Term
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Definition
masterful observer
useful way to consider progressive advances in child cognition |
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Term
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Definition
| Recent study shows that a child standard of performance is to be higher |
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Term
| vocabulary of around 14,000 words |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
turn taking in conversations
sticking to a topic
knowing the right and wrong things to say
use of language in different settings |
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Term
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Definition
| no tv before 2 yrs old, 1-2 hrs max after 2 years old |
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Term
| what type of children are more likely to be a victim of abuse? |
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Definition
| fussy, resistant to control, slow to adapt to new situations, overly anxious, frequent bedwetters, developmentally delayed |
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Term
| consequences of psychological maltreatment |
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Definition
| low self esteem, depression, suicide, lying, misbehavior, underachievement, criminal behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| controlling, rigid, cold style |
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Term
| authoritatian kids turn out |
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Definition
| withdrawn, socially awkward |
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Term
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Definition
| involved, place little or no limits or control |
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Term
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Definition
| dependent, moody w low social skills |
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Term
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Definition
| set few limits, not involved in kid's lives |
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Term
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Definition
| emotionally detached, unloved & unsecure |
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Term
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Definition
| firm, clear & consistent, allow disagreement & use reason, explanation, & consequences, supportive parents |
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Term
| authoritative kids turn out |
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Definition
| independent, friendly, self-assertive, cooperative |
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Term
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Definition
| follow gender roles that are typical of both sexes |
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Term
| preschoolers theory of mind |
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Definition
| brain maturation, hormonal changes, developing language, social interactions, cultures |
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Term
| abuse and the brain development |
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Definition
brains undergoo permanent changes
reduction of amygdala & hippocampus in adulthood
changes are due to stimulation of the limbic system |
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Term
| gender & play in preschoolers |
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Definition
males play rough and preffer same sex playmate by 3
females role play and preffer same sex playmate by 2 |
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Term
| gender ifentity is consistent by what age? |
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Definition
2, well establish preschool years
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Term
| obesity in middle childhood is mostly caused by |
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Definition
| 1 or a combination of :genetic factors, lack of physical activity, unhealthy eating patterns |
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Term
| when is the only time in lifespan when, on average, girls are taller than boys? |
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Definition
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Term
| At what age can girls start suffering of bad self esteem? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a study of 8-10 yr olds that found out that more than half of the girls and one third of the boys were not happy with their body size |
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Term
| gender differences in gross motor skills become increasingly pronounced during what stage? |
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Definition
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Term
| What percentage of middle childhood suffers from depression? how many from anxiety? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
inattention, impulsiveness,
low tolerance for frustration, and a great deal of inappropriate activity
appears before age 7 & continues for at least 6 months
creates handicap in at least 2 areas (interfers with
their home and school functioning) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Other treatments for ADHD (befre drugs like ritalin or dexadrine) |
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Definition
behavioral theraphy & diet
fatty acids from fatty fish, removal of foods having adverse effects |
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Term
| concrete operational stage |
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Definition
| ages 7-12 characterized by use of logic |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| grouping digits in order to store in memory |
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Term
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Definition
| smallest unit of sounds ("a" in mat) |
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Term
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Definition
| to know (metalinguistic=to know language) |
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Term
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Definition
| a series of items that vary according to the age of the person being tested |
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Term
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Definition
| provides separate measures of verbal and performance (or nonverbal) skills, as well as a total score |
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Term
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Definition
| age of the children who, on average, achieved that score for the Binet test |
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Term
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Definition
the actual age of
the child taking the Binet intelligence test |
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Term
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Definition
reflects information processing capabilities, reasoning,
and memory |
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Term
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Definition
| cumulative information of skills. strategies learned that can be applied |
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Term
| triarchic theory of intelligence |
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Definition
| developed by sternberg. componential:hoe effectively one process and analyzes info, experiential: apply what know to new experiences & contextual: street smart |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| the bell curve controversy |
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Definition
| 15 point IQ difference b/w whites and african americans is due to heredity. Accounts for higher rates of poverty, lower employment & higher use of welfare among minority groups |
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Term
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Definition
1/3% of population
IQ below 70
difficulty adaptng to everyday life
characteristics will show b4 age 18
organic-very severe retardation
89% of population is mildly retarded |
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Term
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Definition
ensures an equal opportunity for everyone regardless of disability
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Term
| causes of mental retardation |
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Definition
organic retardation-genetic disorder or brain damange (down syndrome, estra chromosone, fragile x syndrome,fetal alcohol syndrome)
cultural-familiar-no brain damange evidence, IQs b/w 55-70, grow in below avg intellectual environment |
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Term
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Definition
| the integration of all students, even those with the most severe disabilities, into regular classes |
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Term
| least restrictive environment |
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Definition
| special needs kids are to be taughet and treated the same things as regular kids |
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Term
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Definition
25% of children under 18 in the US
number is higher in minorities: 60% african americans & 35% hispanic |
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