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Definition
| helps the small infant maintain a constant body temperature. |
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Term
| Number of neurons in human brain |
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Definition
| The human brain has 100 to 200 billion neurons |
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Term
| Characteristics associated with right vs. left hemispheres or the brain |
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Definition
Right- spacal bilateral (left side of body) negative emotions
Left- responsible verbal(right side of body) positive emotions |
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Term
| Hours of sleep 2-year old needs |
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Definition
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Term
| Methods to help comfort or put baby to sleep |
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Definition
| Singing, routines, swottling, physical touch(holding), |
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Term
| Co-sleeping trends worldwide. |
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Definition
| 90% of world likely to co-sleep with children |
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Term
| Relationship between diet and height.(weight) |
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Definition
| Determined more by genetics |
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Term
| Weights of adopted children reflect? |
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Definition
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Term
| The World Health Organization recommendations for breastfeeding and solid food intake. |
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Definition
| The World Health Organization recommends breastfeeding until age 2 years, with solid foods added at 6 months. |
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Term
| Benefits of breastfeeding. |
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Definition
| Free, protection from repiratory and other infections, bonding with child, reduced risk of breast cancer, better nutrietion to child |
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Term
| Identify conditioned vs. unconditioned response. |
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Definition
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Term
| Benefits of voluntary reaching. |
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Definition
| Adaptive behavior, greater control of environment, promotes being held |
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Term
| Behaviors of infants with a lot of crawling experience. |
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Definition
| depth perception, more socializing, remember location of things, object permanence picked up quicker for early crawlers |
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Term
| In the violation-of-expectation method, infant lends their attention to? |
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Definition
| Children will look at things longer when there is a violation of expectation |
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Term
| Beliefs of cognitive psychologists on development and innate skills. |
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Definition
| Children have innate capacity for language |
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Term
| Components of the information-processing model. (how long each) |
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Definition
Sensory resgister
Long term memory
Short term
Working memory |
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Term
| Vygotsky’s perspectives on learning. |
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Definition
Role of social interaction.
Child better able to learn better or more by an expert (parents or older children) |
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Term
| Benefits of parents talking and reading to their infants and toddlers. |
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Definition
Language development
Interaction/bonding
More to girls |
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Term
| Percent of mothers with a child under age 2 who are employed. |
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Definition
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Term
| Percent of child-care settings in the United States that provide a level of sufficient care . . |
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Definition
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Term
| Quality of child care in US. |
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Definition
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Term
| B.F. Skinner’s perspective on language development. |
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Definition
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Term
| The earlier toddlers form word |
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Definition
| –gestures the sooner they produce two-word utterances. |
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Term
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Definition
| comprehension develops ahead of production |
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Term
| Once toddlers produce about 200 words, they start to . . . |
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Definition
| Combine word, two word udderance , verb and a noun like a command |
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Term
| Resolving Erikson’s basic trust versus mistrust conflict; autonomy versus shame and doubt. |
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Definition
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Term
| Ways to promote autonomy in toddlerhood. |
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Definition
| Giving them choices, asking them to help you with things, compromises |
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Term
| Facial expressions offer reliable cues regarding which emotions infants are experiencing. |
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Definition
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Term
| Why might anger be seen as adaptive to child psychologists? |
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Definition
| Allows child to defend themselves |
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Term
| Characteristics of collectivist vs individualistic culture, |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Boys are going to struggle the most, taught to hide emotions |
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Term
| Temperament/personality can be understood in terms of genetic-environmental factors. |
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Definition
| Resistance child, secure, avoidant, cold to warm |
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Term
| Examples of the Strange Situation and attachment styles. |
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Definition
| Child is left in a room with a stranger, how children reacts to parents return indicates attachment styles |
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Term
| Characteristics of fathers and mothers play. Amount of time fathers spend with children. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Fine vs. gross motor skills. |
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Definition
| Fine grasping, gross walking running |
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Term
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Definition
Sensorimotor stage
Preoperational stage |
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Term
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Definition
| from ages 2 to 7 (magical thinking predominates; motor skills are acquired). |
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Term
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Definition
| from birth to age 2. Children experience the world through movement and senses (use five senses to explore the world). During the sensorimotor stage children are extremely egocentric, meaning they cannot perceive the world from others' viewpoints. The sensorimotor stage is divided into six substages |
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Term
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Definition
| – around six months the infant repeat consonant vowel combinations in long strings, such as bababababa or nanananana |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to the pattern of changing spatial proportions over time during growth. During prenatal growth, from conception to 5 months, the head grows more than the body. In humans, the head comprises almost 50% of total body length at approximately the third month of intrauterine development. By the time of birth the head has decreased to approximately 30% of total body length as a result of the limbs and trunk growing faster than the head.The "cephalocaudal trend" is also the trend of infants learning to use their upper limbs before their lower limbs |
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Term
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Definition
| Cooing is vowel-like noises that have a pleasant “oo” quality. |
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Term
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Definition
| – the understanding that objects continue to exist when out of sight |
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Term
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Definition
| applying a word to a wider collection of objects and events that is appropriate |
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Term
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Definition
| – is the prenatal growth from 5 months to birth when the fetus grows from the inside of the body outwards. When referring to motor development, the proximodistal trend refers to the development of motor skills from the center of the body outwards |
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Term
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Definition
identification of the self as a physically unique being
Sensorimotor – spans the first two years of life. Piaget believed that infants think with eyes, ears, hands, and other sensorimotor equipment. they cannot yet carry out many activities inside their heads |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to the tendency of a person to look to a significant other in an ambiguous situation in order to obtain clarifying information |
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Term
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Definition
| two word utterances. like a telegram, they focus on high content words, omitting smaller, less important ones |
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Term
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Definition
| – when toddlers first learn words, they apply them too narrowly |
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Term
| Zone of proximal development |
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Definition
| – refers to a range of tasks that the child cannot yet handle alone but can do with the help of a more skilled partner |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Unresponsive to parent’s presence. |
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Term
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Definition
| seek closeness to the parent and fail to explore |
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Term
| Disorganized/disoriented attachment |
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Definition
| Insecure even upon parents’ return. |
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Term
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Definition
Erikson's Infancy (birth to 18 months)
Children develop a sense of trust when caregivers provide reliabilty, care, and affection. A lack of this will lead to mistrust.
Feeding |
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Term
| Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt |
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Definition
Erikson's
Children (2-3years old) need to develop a sense of personal control over physical skills and a sense of independence. Success leads to feelings of autonomy, failure results in feelings of shame and doubt. toliet training |
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Term
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Definition
| is a decrease in an elicited behavior resulting from the repeated presentation of an eliciting stimulus (a simple form of learning) |
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