Term
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Definition
| using ideas about talents and interests to shape one’s provisional career prospects |
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Term
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Definition
| learning more about career matches to one’s interests, abilities, and personality; possibly beginning training |
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Term
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Definition
| entering the workforce and learning firsthand about jobs, responsibility |
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Term
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Definition
| theorywork is fulfilling when it fits important facets of personality |
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Term
| Holland Personality-Type theory |
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Definition
| identified six personality prototypes that fit into jobs |
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Term
| Strong Interest Inventory (SII) |
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Definition
| measure of how much one likes different occupations, school subjects, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| : working teens do not learn how to manage money, due to parents still covering |
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Term
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Definition
Teens with job are better at handling adult job stress
increased self esteem and money management |
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Term
| What percent of teens drink? |
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Definition
| 2/3 of teenagers drink or 50% get drunk |
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Term
| What makes teens more likely to drink? |
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Definition
If parents drink
when peers drink & exert pressure to drink
to cope with stress at home, with peers, or at school |
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Term
| What can reduce teen drinking? |
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Definition
teaching effective coping mechanisms
in-school student-led discussions of facts about drinking and how to resist peer pressure |
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Term
| When does smoking usually start? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which factors increase chances of smoking? |
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Definition
If parents or friends smoke
If parenting is not authoritative
Informal school norms that it’s ok to smoke |
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Term
| Treating Depression 2 approaches |
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Definition
antidepressant drugs
psychotherapy
(work best when coupled together) |
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Term
| Adolescent-limited antisocial behavior |
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Definition
relatively minor criminal acts by those who aren’t consistently antisocial
Short-lived, |
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Term
| Life-course persistent antisocial behavior |
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Definition
| Life-course persistent antisocial antisocial behaviors emerging at an early age and continuing throughout life |
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Term
| Contributors to life-course antisocial behavior |
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Definition
Heredity
Biology
Harmful cognitive processes
Family processes - stress |
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Term
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Definition
| a relatively new term referring to the period when people are not adolescents but are not fully adults |
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Term
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Definition
| similar to a midlife crisis, but occurs in one’s 20s |
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Term
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Definition
| new responsibilities and duties mark movement into the next developmental stages (e.g., marriage) |
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Term
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Definition
| important rituals marking initiation into adulthood (e.g., college graduation or marriage ceremonies) |
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Term
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Definition
| ±10% in early 1900s, but ±67% today |
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Term
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Definition
| increases with student’s psychological well-being and when all parties take responsibility and are supportive |
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Term
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Definition
living on the boundary between life and death in physically or psychologically risky situations
Men do not rehearse these; are highly confident |
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Term
| Older hypothesis (risk taking) |
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Definition
| higher risk-taking with lesser prefrontal cortical development |
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Term
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Definition
| sociodemographics — mainly poverty — explain risk-taking |
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Term
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Definition
: major psychosocial conflict during young adulthood (Erikson’s 6th stage)
Stronger sense of one’s own identity is needed to achieve this intimacy |
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Term
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Definition
| major marker of becoming an adult |
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Term
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Definition
| consuming ≥5 (men) or ≥4 (women)drinks in a row within 2 weeks |
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Term
| Students are likeliest to binge drink when |
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Definition
alcohol is readily available
they have positive attitudes toward drinking
: doing other drugs in the past 30 days; being a male, fraternity or sorority member |
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Term
| NIAAA’s four-tiered approach |
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Definition
preventing binge drinking on college campuses
Least effective strategies are Tier 4
Most effective strategies are Tier 1
(one on one intervention) |
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Term
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Definition
| an addiction involving physical dependence on alcohol and withdrawal symptoms when not drinking |
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Term
|
Definition
how much energy the body needs
Slows down with age |
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Term
|
Definition
social factors
gender
Ethnicity |
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Term
| Baltes et al.’s three dimensions |
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Definition
Multidirectionality
Interindividual variability
Plasticity |
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Term
|
Definition
| some aspects improve while others decline during adulthood |
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Term
| Interindividual variability |
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Definition
| patterns of change vary between people |
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Term
|
Definition
| abilities can be modified under the right conditions |
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Term
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Definition
| alignment between one’s personal view of work and the company’s missions |
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Term
| Holland Six personality types |
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Definition
| investigative, social, realistic, artistic, conventional, and enterprising |
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Term
| Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) |
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Definition
Self-efficacy (perceived ability)
Outcome expectations (predicted success)
Interest (what one likes)
Choice goals (what one desires to achieve)
support
barriers |
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Term
| How we advance in occupations |
|
Definition
expectations
support from coworkers
priorities
job satisfaction |
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Term
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Definition
| continuum through the working years reflecting how congruent a person’s occupational behaviors are with what is expected of them at different ages |
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Term
|
Definition
Changes in self-concept and adaptation stages
Implementation
Establishment
Maintenance
Deceleration
Retirement |
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Term
| During adulthood, people progress through three developmental tasks |
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Definition
Implementation (trying out jobs)
Stabilization (making an occupational choice)
Consolidation (advancing up the career ladder) |
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Term
| three adult developmental tasks overlap with four developmental stages |
|
Definition
Exploratory (age 15-24)
Establishment (age 24-44)
Maintenance (age 45-64)
Decline (age 65 and beyond) |
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Term
|
Definition
| what we learned during training may not transfer directly into what the “real world” |
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Term
|
Definition
Initiation
Cultivation
Separation
Redefinition |
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Term
|
Definition
workers feel meaningless and devalued,
not reaching desired goals |
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Term
| two types of passion accurately predict who burns out |
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Definition
Obsessive passion
Harmonious passion |
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Term
|
Definition
| uncontrollable urges to engage in work; interferes with positive feelings or satisfaction |
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Term
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Definition
| freely choosing to engage in work, and work does not overpower one’s identity |
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Term
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Definition
| the promotional level above which women may not go |
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Term
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Definition
| women obtaining a precarious promotion, e.g., in times of an organizational crisis |
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Term
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Definition
emergency care for dependents preventing employee from missing work
less work-family conflict |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| Osteoporosis is more common in women, because _____________ |
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Definition
they have less bone mass in general
post-menopausal estrogen decreases |
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Term
| Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMS) |
|
Definition
drugs allowing estrogen to affect bones, while blocking negative effects on breasts and uterus
(e.g. Raloxifene) |
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Term
|
Definition
| passing from the reproductive to the nonreproductive years due to biological changes |
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Term
|
Definition
transition phase from regular menstruation to menopause
Starts in the 40s and usually complete by the mid-50s |
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Term
| Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT): |
|
Definition
| low does of estrogen, sometimes with progestin |
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Term
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Definition
intensely competitive, angry, hostile, restless, and aggressive, whereas
“Type B” is the opposite |
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Term
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Definition
| broad range of skills related to how individuals adapt to their physical and social environments and solve “real world” problems |
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Term
| Mechanics of intelligence |
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Definition
| aspects of fluid intelligence |
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Term
| Pragmatics of intelligence |
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Definition
| aspects of crystallized intelligence |
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Term
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Definition
| when thinking processes merge with the products of thinking, causes expert performance at old age |
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Term
| Costa and McCrae’s “Big Five” model of personality dimensions (OCEAN), |
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Definition
Openness to experience
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism |
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Term
|
Definition
| having a vivid imagination and dream life, appreciating art, and desiring to try anything once |
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Term
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Definition
| being hard-working, ambitious, energetic, persevering |
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Term
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Definition
| thriving on social interaction, liking to talk, easily taking charge, readily expressing feelings, |
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Term
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Definition
| being accepting, willing to work with others, and caring |
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Term
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Definition
| being anxious, hostile, self-conscious, depressed, impulsive, and vulnerable |
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Term
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Definition
| Erikson’s 7th phase, being productive by helping others and guiding the next generation |
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Term
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Definition
| being unable to deal with their children’s needs or mentoring younger adults |
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Term
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Definition
| constructing a life story based on an identity of being generative |
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Term
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Definition
| positive capacity to cope with stress, adversity, or transitions |
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Term
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Definition
| the person who gathers the family together for celebrations and keeps them in touch |
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Term
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Definition
| being caught between caring for parents and children |
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Term
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Definition
| when children move back to their parent’s home at least once |
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Term
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Definition
: when adults fill-in for missing or deceased grandparents
(native americans) |
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Term
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Definition
| grandchildren live with grandparents in order to learn (tribal) customs |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Why do better educated people live longer? |
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Definition
| more money, better healthcare, more knowledge |
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Term
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Definition
| number of years a person can expect to live |
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Term
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Definition
| number of years a person is expected to live free from debilitating chronic disease |
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Term
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Definition
| : age at which half of the people born in a particular year will die |
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Term
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Definition
ages of 60-80 (aka the young-old)
Knowledge and technological advances contribute to their better life quality |
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Term
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Definition
over 80 (aka the oldest-old)
Few interventions have been developed to reverse this group’s physiological, cognitive, and disease-related declines |
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Term
| Biological Theories of Aging |
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Definition
| “Damage or error” and “programmed” theories |
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Term
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Definition
| : cellular damage is caused by chemicals bonding to cells’ insides |
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Term
|
Definition
| certain proteins make muscles and arteries less flexible |
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Term
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Definition
| damaged or defective neurons collect and form around a core of protein |
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Term
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Definition
| spiral-shaped masses form in the axon’s fibers |
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Term
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Definition
| X-rays, CT scans, and MRIs are used to study brain anatomy |
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Term
|
Definition
| SPECT, PET, fMRI, and MIRSI are used to measure brain activity |
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Term
| Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs): |
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Definition
| interruptions of blood flow to the brain that may forewarn a stroke |
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Term
| Cerebral vascular accidents (CVAs): |
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Definition
| strokes reflecting reduced blood flow to the brain due to blockages or hemorrhages |
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Term
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Definition
| small cerebral vascular accidents causing dementia |
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Term
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Definition
| losing the ability to hear low-pitched sounds |
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Term
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Definition
| loss of auditory pathway neurons |
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Term
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Definition
| diminished nutrient supply to receptor cells |
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Term
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Definition
| atrophy and stiffening of the receptor area’s vibrating structures |
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Term
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Definition
| atrophy and degeneration of receptor cells |
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Term
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Definition
how quickly a person reacts to make a specific response
Predicts performance on cognitive tasks requiring little effort |
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Term
| Useful field of view (UVOF): |
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Definition
| tests information-processing speed, simultaneous monitoring of central and peripheral stimuli; |
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Term
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Definition
| how well people reproduce various clock faces from memory |
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Term
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Definition
| assesses eight functional areas, e.g., leg strength, head and neck flexibility, visual acuity, working memory |
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Term
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Definition
| conscious and deliberate memory for previously learned information |
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Term
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Definition
unconscious and automatic (non-deliberate) memory about previously learned information as seen through one’s behavior or reactions
hard to put into words |
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Term
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Definition
| remembering the meaning of words and concepts; recalling facts not tied to a specific event or time |
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Term
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Definition
| recalling information about the world tied to a specific time or event (e.g., what you can recall about 9-11) |
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Term
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Definition
| one form of episodic memory for personal life events (e.g., your 5th birthday party) |
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Term
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Definition
| combines explicit vs. implicit memory with external vs. internal memory aids to create four types of memory interventions |
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Term
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Definition
| using environmental resources, such as pagers, calendars or notebooks; helps overcome limited or declining attention and storage space in working memory |
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Term
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Definition
| using mnemonic devices, such as visual imagery, rehearsal, or the method of loci |
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Term
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Definition
| using sensory images to help memory |
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Term
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Definition
| using priming, retrieval training, or classical conditioning to help memory |
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Term
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Definition
| : feeling and physical changes must be present for at least two weeks |
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Term
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Definition
| feeling sad or down, which older people describe as “feeling helpless” or “feeling tired” |
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Term
| Treating Depression in Older Adults |
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Definition
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) are the most preferred
Boost mood-regulating serotonin levels |
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Term
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Definition
| helps the person lessen maladaptive beliefs about the self and view the future more positively |
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Term
|
Definition
| practice and homework assignments help the person experience more reinforcement and avoid negative events |
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Term
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Definition
| excessive, irrational dread about everyday situations, including irrational severe anxiety, phobias, obsessions and/or compulsions |
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Term
| Autosomal dominant inheritance |
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Definition
| genes with 100% accuracy in predicting early onset alzheimers |
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Term
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Definition
| people use familiar remembered strategies to cope with daily life |
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Term
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Definition
| upper limit of physical health, ego strength; sensory-perceptual, motor, and cognitive skills |
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Term
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Definition
| physical, interpersonal, or social demands of the environment |
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Term
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Definition
| point at which the press level is average for a particular level of competence |
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Term
| Zone of maximum performance potential |
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Definition
| point at which slight increases in press level improve performance |
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Term
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Definition
| point at which slight decreases in press level maximize life quality, adaptive behavior, and positive affect |
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Term
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Definition
reflecting on experiences and events of one’s lifetime
Can promote either integrity or despair (Erikson’s 8th stage) |
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Term
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Definition
| feeling good about one’s past choices, coming to terms with one’s death |
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Term
|
Definition
| externalizing one’s problems; feeling a sense of meaninglessness |
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Term
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Definition
| the positive feelings that can result from certain life evaluations |
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Term
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Definition
| a transition involving sudden (“crisp”) or gradual (“blurred”) withdrawal from full-time employment |
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Term
| Sociocultural Definitions of Death |
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Definition
| Cultures differ in how they view and deal with death |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| study of interface between human values and technological advances in the health and life sciences |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| : deliberately ending life (e.g., by a drug overdose) |
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Term
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Definition
| allowing a person to die by not giving available treatment |
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Term
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Definition
| stating one’s wishes about life support and other treatments |
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Term
| Durable power of attorney for healthcare |
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Definition
| person appoints someone to act as an agent for his/her healthcare decisions |
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Term
|
Definition
Denial – shock, disbelief
Anger – hostility, resentment (“Why me?”)
Bargaining – looking for a way out
Depression – no longer able to deny, patients experience sorrow, loss, guilt, and shame
Acceptance – acceptance of death’s inevitability with peace and detachment |
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Term
|
Definition
| our deeply rooted fear of mortality makes not dying the primary motive underlying all behaviors |
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Term
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Definition
| making one’s choices known and providing information about how one wants his/her life to end, including the process of separating from family and friends |
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Term
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Definition
focused on relief from pain or other disease symptoms
not treatment |
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Term
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Definition
| the state or condition caused by loss through death |
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Term
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Definition
| the sorrow, hurt, anger, guilt, confusion, and other feelings that arise after suffering a loss (varies greatly) |
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Term
|
Definition
| culturally approved ways in which grief is expressed |
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Term
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Definition
| going through a period of anticipating a loved one’s death, which supposedly buffers its impact |
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Term
|
Definition
| psychological facets of coming to terms with bereavement |
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Term
|
Definition
Coping
Affect
Change
Narrative
Relationship |
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Term
|
Definition
| sadness-related behaviors seen on the anniversary of the death |
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Term
|
Definition
| differ with ethnicity and culture |
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Term
|
Definition
Loss-oriented stressors
Restoration-oriented stressors
Flip-flop between the two |
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Term
|
Definition
| stressors related to the loss itself |
|
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Term
| Restoration-oriented stressors |
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Definition
| stressors present when adapting to the survivor’s new life situation |
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Term
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Definition
| : isolation; preoccupation with, upsetting memories of, longing and searching for the deceased to the point of interfering with everyday functioning |
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Term
|
Definition
| disbelief and shock about the death, experiencing the deceased’s presence; mistrust, anger, and detachment from others |
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Term
|
Definition
| Different age groups handle bereavement differently |
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