Term
Creeps up stairs
A. 12 months
B. 14 months
C. 15 months |
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Definition
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Term
Walks up and down stairs while holding on
A. 12 months
B. 14 months
C. 15 months
D. 18-24 months |
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Definition
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Term
Creeps backwards down stairs
A. 15 months
B. 18-23 months
C. 18-24 months |
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Definition
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Term
Walks up and down stairs marking time
A. 18-24 months
B. 24-30 months
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Definition
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Term
Walks up stairs alternating feet.
A. 2, 2.5 yrs- 3 yrs
B. 3-3.5 years |
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Definition
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Term
Walks down stairs alternating feet
]
A. 2, 2.5 yrs- 3 yrs
B. 3-3.5 years |
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Definition
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Term
Jumps down from step
A. 2 yrs
B. 2.5 yrs
C. 3 yrs
D. 3.5 yrs
E. 3-4 yrs |
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Definition
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Term
Jumps on one foot, few steps
A. 2 yrs
B. 2.5 yrs
C. 3 yrs
D. 3.5 yrs
E. 3-4 yrs |
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Definition
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Term
Jumps off floor with both feet
A. 2 yrs
B. 2.5 yrs
C. 3 yrs
D. 3.5 yrs
E. 3-4 yrs |
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Definition
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Term
Jumps over objects
A. 2 yrs
B. 2.5 yrs
C. 3 yrs
D. 3-4 yrs
E. 3-5 yrs |
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Definition
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Term
Gallops, leading with one foot and transferring weight smoothly and evenly
A. 2 yrs
B. 2.5 yrs
C. 3 yrs
D. 3.5 yrs
E. 3-4 yrs |
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Definition
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Term
Hops on one foot
A. 2 yrs
B. 2.5 yrs
C. 3 yrs
D. 3.5-5 yrs
E. 3-4 yrs |
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Definition
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Term
Hops in straight line
A. 2 yrs
B. 2.5 yrs
C. 3 yrs
D. 3-4 yrs
E. 5 yrs |
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Definition
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Term
Skips on alternating feet
A. 3-4 yrs
B. 5 yrs
C. 5-6 yrs |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Sensorimotor: This scheme begins in response to reflexes |
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Definition
| Reflexive Stage (1 month) |
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Term
| Sensorimotor: Child learns about cause and effect as a result of reflexive sensorimotor patters that are repeated for enjoyment. |
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Definition
| Primary Circular Reactions (2-4 months) |
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Term
| gbSensorimotor: Voluntary movement patterns emerge due development of eye-hand coordination. early awareness of cause and effect |
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Definition
| Secondary Circular Reactions (5-8 months) |
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Term
| Sensorimotor: Voluntary movement in response to stimuli that cannot be seen (object permenance), and early development of decentered thought |
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Definition
| Coordination of secondary schemata; 9-12 months |
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Term
| Sensorimotor Period: improved fine and gross motor abilities, child seeks out new schemes; tool use begins |
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Definition
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Term
| Sensorimotor period: Child shows insight and purposeful tpp; use and explores problem solving options. Able to represent conectps w/o direct manipulation. |
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Definition
| Invention of new means through mental combinations, 18 months -2 years |
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Term
| What ages does the Preoperational period take place? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two phases of the Preoperational period? |
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Definition
1) Preconceptual: expansion of vocabulary and symbolic representations (2-4 years)
2) Intuitive thought phase: child imitates or repeats what is seen or heard; bases conclusions on what she believes to be true vs logic (4-7 years) |
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Term
| Classification, Seriation, Conservation are stages of what period of development? |
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Definition
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Term
| Inductive or Deductive reasoning denotes a transition to Concerte Operational Period? |
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Definition
| Inductive reasoning denotes a transition to concrete operations |
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Term
| Ages 7- 12 years mark this period of development: |
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Definition
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Term
| Concrete Operation: This phase is an expansion of Conservation and leads to increased spatial awareness |
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Definition
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Term
| What period of Piaget's cognitive development does this describe? Child uses logical thinking on observed or mentally represented objects, enjoys games with rules which help the child adjust to social demands. |
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Definition
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Term
| Ages for Formal Operations period |
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Definition
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Term
| What period of Piaget's cognitive development does this describe? Use of logic to hypothesize many ways to solve problems; draws from past and present experiences to imagine what can have an effect on future situations. |
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Definition
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Term
| Categories of Play: Play experiences help develop body scheme |
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Definition
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Term
| Categories of Play: This form of play is associated with language development. |
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Definition
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Term
| Categories of Play: Play experience marked by formulation of tests, classification, and refinement of ideas, feelings and combined actions. |
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Definition
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Term
| Categories of Play: Mostly participates in parallel play- eventually play becomes more cooperative. |
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Definition
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Term
| Categories of Play: This play period is marked by engagement in sensory, motor, cognitive, and social play experiences in which she refines relevant skills. |
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Definition
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Term
| Categories of Play: Child explores combination of action on multiple objects |
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Definition
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Term
| Categories of Play: Child participates in cooperative peer groups. |
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Definition
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Term
| Functional implications for Muscular System Changes: (6) |
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Definition
1. Slow Movements
2. Fatigue
3. Connective tissue becomes denser and stiffer
4. Decreased functional mobility
5. Unsteady Gait
6. Falls |
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Term
| Strategies to slow muscular system changes: (4) |
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Definition
1. Improve health
2. Increase physical activity, functional activities and activity programs
3. Strength training
4. Flexibility and ROM |
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Term
| Clinical implications for skeletal system changes in the older adult: (2) |
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Definition
1. Decreased cartilage and joint health
2. Increased risk of falls and fractures |
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Term
| Strategies to slow skeletal system changes: (4) |
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Definition
1. Postural exercise
2. Weight bearing (gravity loading)
3. Nutritional, hormonal and medical therapies
4. Falls prevention |
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Term
Clincal implications for neurological system changes in the older adult:
I. Movement:
1. Speed and coordination ___
2. Slowed recruitment of motoneurons contribute to ____
3. Reaction time and movement time ____
4. There is a trade off between ___ and ___
5. Motor control processing shifts from open to closed loop, meaning greater reliance upon ___
II. Neural Processing:
6. Learning and memory may be affected
III. Homeostatic regulation
7. Extremes in temperature, exercise can be harmful |
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Definition
1. decrease
2. loss of strength
3. increase
4. speed and accuracy
5. visual feedback for movement
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Term
| Effective strategies to improve motor learning and control for the older adult: T/F- To improve motivation and accuracy of movements task performances should be timed. |
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Definition
| False: Allow increased time due to diminished reaction and movement time. Reflects true abilities |
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Term
Effective strategies to improve motor learning and control for the older adult:
Avoid long sequences of movements due to limitations of _____. |
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Definition
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Term
Effective strategies to improve motor learning and control for the older adult:
When demonstrating new movement skills the OT should _____ |
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Definition
| Allow for increased cautionary behaviors |
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Term
| Sensory system changes: Opacity, clouding of lens due to changes in proteins, Gradual vision loss: central then peripheral, general darkening, loss of acuity, distortion |
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Definition
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Term
| Sensory system changes: Early loss of peripheral vision, Halo effect. Optic nerve atrophy. |
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Definition
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Term
| Sensory System Changes: Loss of central vision due to decreased blood supply or abnormal blood vessel growth under retina. Increased sensitivy to glare, difficulty adjusting to changes in light. May progress to total blindness |
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Definition
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Term
| Sensory Changes: Damage to retinal capillaries, growth of abnormal blood vessels- central vision impaired, vision is blurred |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe how a persons vision is affected with Right Homonymous Hemianopsia |
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Definition
[image]
Left Nasal and Right Temporal = Right H.H |
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Term
| True or False: warm colors (yellow, orange, red) should be used to assist in color discrimmination (e.g. for identification and color coding) |
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Definition
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Term
| True/False: Older adults are less dependent upon somatosensory inputs for balance |
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Definition
| False: Older adults are MORE dependent upon somatosensory input for balance. |
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Term
| This postural response is characteristic of ____: Diminished ankle torque, increase hip torque, increased postural sway |
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Definition
| Postural response pattern for decreased vestibular control |
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Term
| Reduced funtion of Vestibular Ocular Reflex (VOR) affects: (2) |
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Definition
Retinal image stability w/ head movement
Produces Blurred vision |
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Term
| Episodic attack characterized by tinnitus, dizziness and sensation of pressure in the ears |
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Definition
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Term
| IEP transitional planning to help a student identify post-school goals and develop a plan for achieving these goals for adult life MUST begin at age: |
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Definition
| 14 (or younger if indicated) |
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Term
| The transitional services are implemented at age: |
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Definition
| 16 (or younger if indicated) |
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Term
| Pathological vision conditions that result in central vision loss: (2) |
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Definition
| Cataracts and Macular Degeneration |
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Term
| Pathological vision conditions that result in Peripheral Vision Loss: |
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Definition
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Term
| A client has central vision loss secondary to macular degeneration. The OTR® plans to teach the client eccentric viewing techniques to compensate for the client’s visual loss. What should the OTR® teach the client as the FIRST step of this process? |
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Definition
| The first step in eccentric viewing techniques is increasing the client’s awareness of the central scotoma, or blind spot |
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Term
| If central vision loss is an issue the client can be taught eccentric viewing which involves which movements? |
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Definition
| Rotating head or turning trunk to use peripheral vision. |
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Term
| If peripheral vision loss is an issue, the client can use which technique? |
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Definition
| Rotate head and trunk to ensure they are seeing the entire visual field |
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Term
| ID the FOR: Movement is dependent on task characteristics and an interaction among (cognitive, neuromuscular, sensory, perceptual, socio-emotional and environmental) systems. |
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Definition
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Term
| According to Dynamic Systems theory, dysfunction occurs: |
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Definition
| Lack of flexibility or adaptability of movements to accommodate task demands and environmental constraints |
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Term
| One goal of OT intervention is to promote ___ and ___ in movements to problem solve and form an adaptive response |
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Definition
| Variability and Flexibility |
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Term
| Reisburgs's Stages for Dementia: Difficulty negotiating directions to new locations- hard to complete complex tasks, forgets important info for first time in life |
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Definition
| Stage 3: Beginning signs and deficits are noted in this stage |
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Term
| Reisburgs's Stages for Dementia: Can live at home with support- performs simple, repetitive ADLs. Can't follow and sequence written cues. Hard to find words. Can't manage home w/o assistance |
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Definition
| Stage 4: Deficits noted in al ADLs |
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Term
| Reisburgs's Stages for Dementia: Performs ADLs/IADLs with cues and assist. Can't safely drive. Responds to encouragement. Poor judgement- Difficult with all decision making- Forget to take care of hygience |
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Definition
| Stage 5: Cannot function independently |
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Term
Reisburgs's Stages for Dementia: Performs parts of familiar tasks. Follows demonstration/hand over hand cues.
Difficult to follow 2 steps of a task. Incontinent. Can't speak in full sentences. Can't sequence steps of ADL tasks |
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Definition
| Stage 6: Cannot perform ADLs w/o cues |
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Term
| Stage 7 of Reisburg's stages of dementia: |
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Definition
| Can be vegetative, usually bedbound - unable to respond verbally or nonverbally. |
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