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Human Development Across the Life Span
Chapter 4 The Prenatal Period and Birth
41
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
02/13/2013

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Term
Infertility
Definition
Not being able to get pregnant after a year of trying
Term
Artificial insemination
Definition
Injecting sperm, either from a woman's partner or from a donor, into her uterus
Term
In vitro fertilization (IVF)
Definition
Several eggs are removed from a woman's ovary and manually combined with sperm in a laboratory dish before being returned to a woman's uterus
Term
The germinal period
Definition
page 104!
Term
blastocyst
Definition
zygote divides many times throught mitosis forming the blastocyst
Term
Embryonic period
Definition
page 110
Term
Organogenesis
Definition
Every major organ takes shape - embryonic period
Term
amnion
Definition
a watertight membrane that fills with fluid that cushions and protects the embryo
Term
chorion
Definition
a membrane that surrounds the amnion and attaches rootlike extensions called villi to the uterine lining to gather nourishment for the embryo.
Term
Placenta
Definition
Chorion eventually becomes the lining of the placenta, a tissue fed by blood vessels from the mother and connected to the embryo by the umbilical cord
Term
Spina bifida
Definition
Part of the spinal cord is not fully encased in the protective covering of the spinal column
Term
Anencaphy
Definition
A lethal defect in which the main portion of the brain above the brain stem fails to develop - caused by spina bifida
Term
Testosterone
Definition
Primary male sex hormone that stimulates the development of a male internal reproductive system
Term
The fetal period
Definition
page 113
Term
Differentiation
Definition
Every neuron starts with the potential to become any specific type of neuron
Term
Age of viability
Definition
Survival outside the uterus is possible if the brain and respiratory system are sufficiently developed
Term
Prenatal environment
Definition
Mother's womb
Term
Teratogen
Definition
Is any disease, drug, or other environmental agent that can harm a developing fetus
Term
Critical period
Definition
Period of rapid growth
Term
Thalidomide
Definition
A tranquilizer used to relieve morning sickness
Term
Sudden infant death syndrome
Definition
A sleeping baby suddenly stops breathing and dies
Term
Fetal alcohol symptome
Definition
Noticeable physical symptoms such as a small head and distinctive facial abnormalities
Term
Rubella
Definition
Masern
Term
Look at tables on page 121 and 122
Definition
Term
AIDS
Definition
Acquired immunodeficiency snydrome
Term
Lamaze method
Definition
Teaches women to associate childbirth with pleasant feelings and to ready themselves for the process by learning exercises...
Term
Stillbirths
Definition
Fetal deaths late in pregnancy
Term
The perinatal environment
Definition
Is the environment surrounding birth
Term
Perinatologist
Definition
A maternal-fetal specialist
Term
Anoxia
Definition
Oxygen shortage
Term
breech presentation
Definition
feet or buttocks first
Term
Cerebral palsy
Definition
Neurological disability primarily associated with difficulty controlling muscle movements
Term
Cesarean section
Definition
Kaiserschnitt
Term
Postpartum depression
Definition
An episode of clinical depression that lasts months rather than days in a woman who has just given birth
Term
Couvade
Definition
Fathers tend to be anxious during pregnancy and birth and some even experience some of the same physiological symptoms as their pregnant partner - bloating, weight gain, fatigue, insomnia, and nausea
Term
Neonatal environment
Definition
The events of the first months and how parents might optimize the development of young infants
Term
At-risk newborns
Definition
May have problems because of genetic defects, prenatal hazards, or perinatal damage.
Term
Apgar test
Definition
Provides a quick assessment of the newborn's heart rate, respiration, color, muscle tone, and reflexes
Term
Low birth weight (LBW)
Definition
The younger (and smaller) babies are at birth, the lower their chances for survival
Term
Surfactant
Definition
Substance that prevents the air sacs of the lungs from sticking together and therefore are aids breathing
Term
Kangaroo care
Definition
Skin-to-skin contact is therapeutic for these infants
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