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Definition
| Systematic changes and continuities in the individual that occur between conception and death |
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Term
| Three broad domains of development |
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Definition
1. Physical
2. Cognitive
3. Psychosocial |
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Definition
| the growth of the body and its organs ... |
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Definition
| Changes and continuities in perception, language, learning, memory, problem solving and other mental processes |
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Term
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Definition
| Changes and carryover in personal and interpersonal aspects of development, such as motives, emotions, personality traits, interpersonal skills and relationships, and roles played in the family and in the larger society |
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Definition
| Physical changes that occur from conception to maturity |
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Definition
| Deterioration of organisms that leads inevtiably to their death |
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Term
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Definition
Socially defined age group in a society
- Segregating children into grades in school based on age |
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Term
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Definition
| Ritual that marks a persons's "passage" from one status to another - usually in reference to the transition from childhood to adulthood |
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Term
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| defines what people should and should not do at different points in the life span |
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Term
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Definition
| A person's sense of when things should be done and when he or she is ahead of or behind the schedule dictated by age norms |
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Definition
| people's classifications or affiliation with a group based on common heritage or traditions |
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Term
| Socioeconomic status (SES) |
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Definition
| Standing in society based on such indicators as occupational prestige, education, and income. |
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Term
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Definition
| The transitional period between childhood and adulthood that begins with puberty and ends when the indivdiual has acquired adult competencies and responsibilities |
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Term
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Definition
| Extending from about age 18 to 29, when young people are between adolescence and full-fledged adulthood |
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Term
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Definition
| The average number of years a new-born who is born now can be expected to live |
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Term
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Definition
| Question of how biological forces and environmental forces act and interact to make us what we are |
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Term
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Definition
| the biological unfolding of the individual according to a plan contained in the genes (the hereditary material passed from parents to child at conception) |
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Term
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Definition
| All the external physical and social conditions, stimuli, and events that can affect us, from crowded living quarters and polluted air, to social interactions with familiy members, peers, and teachers.... |
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Term
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Definition
| the process through which experience (that is, environmental stimuli) brings about relatively permanent changes in thoughts, feelings, or behavior. |
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Term
| bioecological model (Bronfenbrenner) |
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Definition
| Biology and environment interact to produce development |
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Term
| Four environmental systems that influence and are influenced by the developing person: |
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Definition
1. Microsystem
2. Mesosystem
3. Exosystem
4. Macrosystem |
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Term
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Definition
| Immediate physical and social environment in which the person interacts face-to-face with other people and influences and is affected by them |
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Term
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Definition
| consists of the interrelationships or linkages between two or more microsystems |
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Term
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Definition
| Consists of linkages involving social settings that individuals do not experience directly but that can still influence their development (Parent's workplaces and social networks, Government etc.) |
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Term
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Definition
| The larger cultural context in which the microsystem, mesosystem, and exosystem are embedded. |
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Term
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Definition
| Defined as the shared understandings and way of life of people, including belief and practices concerning the nature of humans in different phases of the life span... |
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Term
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Definition
| Captures the idea that changes in people and their environments occur in a time frame |
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Term
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Definition
| Ensuring that the curricula and treatments provided have been demonstrated to be effective |
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Term
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Definition
| Observation of growth and development of own children |
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Term
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Definition
| Adolescence, then, was a tempestuous period of the life span, a time of emotional ups and downs and rapid changes |
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Term
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Definition
| Study of aging and old age |
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Term
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Definition
| A perspective that views development as a lifelong, multidirectional process that involves gain and loss, is characterized by considerable plasticity, is shaped by its historical-cultural context, has many causes, and is best viewed from a multidisciplinary perspective |
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Term
| 1. Development is a lifelong process |
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Definition
| Today's developmentalists appreciate that human development is not just "kid stuff", that we change throughout the life span |
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Term
| 2. Development is multidirectional |
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Definition
| Today's developmentalists recognize that different capacities show different patterns of change over time |
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Term
| 3. Development involves both gain and loss |
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Definition
| Gain and loss are intertwined during every phase of the life span |
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Term
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Definition
| Refers to the capacity to change in response to both positive and negative experiences |
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Term
| 4. Development is characterized by lifelong plasticity |
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Definition
| the aging process is not fixed but rather can be altered considerably depending on the individual's experiences |
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Term
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Definition
| The brain's ability to change in response to experience throughout the life span |
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Term
| 5. Development is shaped by its historical-cultural context |
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Definition
| As societies change, the developmental experience changes. |
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Term
| 6. Development is multiply influenced |
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Definition
| human development is the product of many interacting causes - both inside and outside the person, both biological and environmental |
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Term
| 7. Development must be studied by multiple disciplines |
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Definition
| Because human development is influenced by everything from biochemical reactions to historical events, it is impossible for one discipline to have all the answers |
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Term
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Definition
| A belief that investigators should allow their systematic observations (or data) to determine the merits of their thinking |
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Term
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Definition
| A set of concepts and propositions intended to describe and explain vertain phenomena |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Group of individuals studied |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Formed by identifying all members of the larger population and then, by a random means, selection a portion of that population to study |
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Term
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Definition
| Observing people in their everyday surroundings |
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Term
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Definition
| Creating special stimuli, tasks, or situations designed to elicit the behavior of interest |
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Term
| functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) |
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Definition
| A brain-scanning technique that uses magnetic forces to measure the increase in blood flow to an area of the brain that occurs when that brain area is active |
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Term
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Definition
| An in-depth examination of an individual (or a small number of individuals), typically carried out by compiling and analyzing information from a variety of sources |
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Term
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Definition
| An investigator manipulates or alters some aspect of the environment to see how this affects the behavior of the sample of individuals studied |
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Term
| Three critical features shared by any true experiment: |
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Definition
1. Random assignment
2. Manipulation of the independent variable
3. Experimental control |
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Term
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Definition
| without random assignment |
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Term
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Definition
| Involves determining whether two or more variables are related in a systematic way |
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Term
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Definition
| Results of multiple studies addressing the same question can be synthesized to produce overall conclusions |
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Term
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Definition
| The performances of people of different age groups, or cohorts, are compared |
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Term
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Definition
| Group of individuals born at the same time |
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Term
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Definition
| Relationship between age and a particular aspect of development |
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Term
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Definition
| The effects of being born as a member of a particular cohort or generation in a particular historical context |
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Term
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Definition
| Performance of one cohort of individuals is assessed repeatedly over time |
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Term
| Time-of-measurement effects |
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Definition
| Effects of historical events and trends occuring when the date are collected |
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Term
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Definition
| Combines the cross-sectional approach and the longitudinal approach in a single study |
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Term
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Definition
| Belief that one's own group and its cultur are superior |
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Term
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Definition
| Standards of conduct that investigators are ethically bound to honor to protect their research participants from physical or psychological harm |
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