Term
| What are Erikson's Psychodynamic Stages? |
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Definition
First year: Basic Trust vs. Mistrust
Second year: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt |
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Term
| Explain Erikson's first year psychodynamic stage. |
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Definition
basic trust vs mistrust
attachment and trust
trust in caregiver; quantity vs quality
quality is better |
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Term
| Explain Erikson's second year psychodynamic stage. |
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Definition
autonomy vs shame and doubt
physically they start to walk, stand, grab things, self-control
tension between being independent and control
control may cause a child to be unable to control themselves or think they can't
includes emotion
best to scaffold children (Vygotski) |
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Term
| What plays a powerful role is social relationships, exploration of environment, and discovery of self? |
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Definition
| Emotions; they are a huge part in figuring out how we fit in with the world |
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Term
| In children, what provides the best clues to emotion? |
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Definition
| Facial expressions; nonverbal communication |
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Term
| Assuming a close correspondence between emoitional state and what can lead to error? |
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Definition
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Term
| Emotional expressions are _____ organized and vary with the child's developing ______, ______, and ______ . |
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Definition
flexibly
capacities
goals
context |
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Term
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Definition
| vocal, facial, gestural, and situational |
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Term
| How do emotions develop over time? |
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Definition
energize development
become more varied, complex with age |
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Term
| What are the first appearances of happiness? Explain. |
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Definition
smile- from birth
social smile - 6 to 10 weeks; this is purposeful and adaptive
laugh - 3 to 4 months; contageous |
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Term
| What are the first appearances of anger? Explain. |
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Definition
general distress - from birth
anger - 4 to 6 months; frustration and annoyance |
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Term
| What are the first appearances of sadness? Explain. |
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Definition
distress to "still face" - 2 to 7 months;
this is less common and doesn't last as long as anger |
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Term
| What are the first appearances of fear? Explain. |
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Definition
first fears - 6 to 12 months; sense of self hasn't fully developed
object permanence - people can leave and not come back
stranger anxiety - 8 to 12 months; "I am not you" |
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Term
| At what age can children recognize others' facial expression? |
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Definition
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Term
| Children look to who to understand how they are suppose to be acting? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are self conscious emotions? |
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Definition
shame
embarrassment
guilt
envy
pride |
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Term
| These emotions are related to other people and the child must have sense of self. |
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Definition
| Self-conscious emotions; need to be informed to feel this way |
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Term
| When do self-conscious emotions emerge? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is effortful control? |
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Definition
| emotional self-regulation; the child is able to consciously control his/her emotions |
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Term
| Who does effortful control improve? |
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Definition
| gradually; with the development of the cebebral cortex and the assistance of cargivers |
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Term
| In what year do children start to understand their emotions better? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 4 structures of temperament? and what percentage of children fit in this categories? |
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Definition
Easy-40%
Difficult-10%
Slow to warm up-15%
Unclassified-35% |
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Term
| Temperament is a ______ behavior. |
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Definition
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Term
| Biological development of shyness |
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Definition
react negatively, with drawn from new stimuli
high heart rates, stress hormones, and stress symptoms
higher right hemisphere frontal cortex activity |
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Term
| Biological development of sociability |
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Definition
react positively, approach new stimuli
low heart rates, stress hormones, and stress symptoms
higher left hemisphere frontal cortex activity |
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Term
| temperament develops with? |
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Definition
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Term
| at what age are long term predictions about temperament best achieved? |
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Definition
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