Term
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Definition
Occurs during adolescence
Figuring out who we are and where we’re
going
involves challenging parental and societal ideas
Part of social development: maturation of
skills and abilities that enable people to live
in the world together |
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Term
| Identity Formation (cont.) |
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Definition
Influenced by
family and cultural factors (microsystem)
religion and belief systems (exosystem)
larger sociocultural context (macrosystem)
norms and rules in a given time period
(chronosystem)
Peers also have much influence
Arguably more than parents (Harris, 1995 |
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Term
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Definition
biological identification of “maleness” or
“femaleness” |
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Term
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Definition
the extent to which one
identifies as male or female
gender is not always congruent with sex |
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Term
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Definition
The general patterns of work, appearance
and behavior associated with being a man or
a woman
These differences are culturally defined
Social factors exaggerate the small biological
differences between boys and girls |
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Term
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Definition
Cognitive generalizations children make
about what’s appropriate for boys vs. girls
Children learn not culturally accepted to
transgress gender lines
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Term
| Identity and Race / Ethnicity |
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Definition
Adolescents in ethnic minority groups have
additional processes around forming their
ethnic identities
prejudice and discrimination can present
challenges
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Term
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Definition
People are living much longer
By 2030 more than 1 in 5 Americans will be
over 65
Most older adults thrive in old age
May spend time reflecting on their lives |
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Term
| Aging and Cognitive Changes |
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Definition
Cognitive abilities do eventually decline with age
mental processing speed decreases
sensitivity to visual contrast declines sensitivity to sound decreases
Aging and Cognitive Changes
A normative decline in memory occurs in older age
seems to affect short-term memory more than
long-term memory
may be due to shrinking of frontal lobes
Older adults can form new memories...slower |
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Term
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Definition
A brain condition in which thinking, memory
and behavior decline progressively
Symptoms: memory loss, trouble with daily
routines, language deterioration, inability to
care for oneself |
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