Term
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Definition
| 1. Advocates of the __________ perspective believe that much of behavior is motivated by inner, unconscious forces, memories, and conflicts of which a person has little awareness of control . |
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Term
| social cognitive learning |
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Definition
| 2. Jerome learns about etiquette by observing how his father interacts with his mother. This type of learning can be described as________. |
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Term
| qualitative; quantitative |
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Definition
| 3. Piaget’s view assuming that thinking undergoes_________ advances, but the information-processing approach assumes that development is marked by________ advances. |
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Term
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Definition
| 4. Your family, friends, and classmates are part of your: |
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Term
| some experiments would be unethical |
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Definition
| 5. Why don’t lifespan researchers always use experiments? |
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Term
| Children are more or less more of a “blank slate” written on by others or the environment, rather than active participants in their development. |
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Definition
| 6. Key issues in Lifespan development includes all of the following EXCEPT |
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Term
| Interactions with each others and society across the lifespan |
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Definition
| 8. Erik Erikson’s psychosocial stages of development focus on: |
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Term
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Definition
| 9. We watched a YouTube clip of young geese imprinted on Konrad Lorenz at birth. This is an example of___________. |
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Term
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Definition
| 10. Which test can be used to accurately (definitively) determine the sex of the child: |
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Term
| Poverty rates have gradually decreased in the U.S. during the last decade |
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Definition
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Term
| a recent increase in alcohol consumption by pregnant women |
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Definition
| 12. A recent report said that maternal death rates in the U.S. are rising, and suggested that this may be due to all of the following EXCEPT: |
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Term
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Definition
| 13. Baby Dionne is playing in her crib and reaches to pull back a blanket that is partially covering the teddy bear that she wants to play with. Piaget would say that this is an example of ________. |
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Term
| secondary circular reaction |
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Definition
| 14. Ryan accidently hits his crib and it makes an interesting noise. Ryan decides to repeat the action again. This is known as ________. |
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Term
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Definition
| 15. Any woman who could become pregnant should be sure she gets enough _______ to prevent ________ in her infant if she did become pregnant. |
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Term
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Definition
| 16. The nature vs nurture, genetics usually set a range of possibilities called |
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Term
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Definition
| 17. A child’s biological parents (with whom she lives) chooses and educational toys for her, and because she is genetically related to them, she readily accepts and uses these objects. This is an example of the __________ genotype-environment effect. |
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Term
| there is no scientific evidence in bonding in humans |
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Definition
| 18. Research on bonding in humans indicates that_________. |
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Term
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Definition
| 19. The visual cliff is used to test infants_________. |
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Term
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Definition
| 20. ___________ refers to the idea that a developing structure (like the young brain) or a behavior is modifiable due to experience. |
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Term
| Has more antibodies to prevent against disease and may improve brain development |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 22. What is the name of the period from 2 to 8 weeks following fertilization during which significant growth occurs in the major organs and body system? |
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Term
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Definition
| 23. For many human characteristics, a combination of multiple gene pairs is involved in producing a particular characteristic. This is known as: |
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Term
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Definition
| 24. One- and two-day-old newborns who are stroked on the head just before breast feeding and receiving a sweet- tasting liquid soon learn to suck and turn their head at the head stroke. This is an example of: |
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Term
| infants have rudimentary mathematical skills |
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Definition
| 25. The study illustrated in the textbook with Mickey Mouse statuettes in which the statues were hidden behind a barrier and then revealed led to the conclusion that___________. |
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Term
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Definition
| 26. Katherine was born five weeks premature. Because her liver did not work efficiently at first, she developed a yellowish tinge to her body. What is this condition? |
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Term
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Definition
| 27. A newborn who shows interest and surprise at first seeing a novel toy but may not show interest after seeing the same toy several times is demonstrating what type of learning (when she no longer shows interest)? |
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Term
| principle of heirarchial integration |
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Definition
| 28. Once Hannah has learned to control and combine the movement of her fingers, she quickly learned how to grasp and reach her rattle. This skill illustrates the: |
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Term
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Definition
| 29. If a babies experience do not stimulate certain nerves or nerve connections, then these nerve connections will be eliminated, a process known as _______________. |
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Term
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Definition
| 30. What is the fatty substance that help helps insulate neurons and spread the transmission of nerve impulses? |
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Term
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Definition
| 35. What is the term for the reflex where the neonate tends to turn its head towards things that touch its cheek? |
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Term
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Definition
| 36. Babies are typically able to walk independently (i.e. without holding on to objects around __________months of age. |
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Term
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Definition
| 37. Piaget argued that infants acquire knowledge through__________. |
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Term
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Definition
| 38. Most people cannot remember their early childhood, a phenomenon known as________. |
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Term
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Definition
| 39. __________ refers to the degree to which an activity requires attention. |
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Term
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Definition
| 40. Eight-month-old Kimberly responds to her first plum by rolling it around her high chair tray as if it was her red rubber ball. This demonstrates the Piagetian process of: |
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Term
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Definition
| 41. Piaget observed his son Laurent dropping a toy swan repeatedly, varying the position from which he dropped it, [and] carefully observing each time to see where it fell. This is an example of: |
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Term
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Definition
| 42. Piaget calls an internal image of past events or objects a(n)________ |
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Term
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Definition
| 43. When a child is able to pretend that he/she is able to drive a car, feeding a doll, or cooking dinner after he/she has witnessed such scene, and the person the child witnessed doing the activity is no longer present, this is called: |
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Term
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Definition
| 44. What is the term for the theory that is genetically determined, innate mechanism directs language development (this was Chomsky’s theory)? |
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Term
| Children prefer it, it is related to linguistic competence, and it is related to early acquisition of words |
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Definition
| 45. It is important to speak to your child using infant-direct speech because________. |
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Term
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Definition
| 46. Contemporary approaches to infant intelligence suggest that the_________ with which infants process information may correlate most strongly with later intelligence. |
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Term
| Their ability to use sign language starting at about 6 months and their ability to perform deferred imitation tasks earlier than Piaget believed |
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Definition
| 47. What evidence has been used to suggest that children have attained some level of symbolic representation at a younger age than Piaget had suggested? |
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Term
| Putting a baby to sleep on its back |
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Definition
| 48. Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for SIDS for babies who are less than 5 months old? |
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Term
| mothers consumption of alcohol during pregnancy |
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Definition
| 49. The primary, PREVENTABLE cause of mental retardation is: |
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Term
| responses to the environment |
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Definition
| 50. Dr. Brazelton developed an assessment called the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale primarily to assess: |
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Term
Increased cognitive abilities of the infant
Emerging bonds with the parents |
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Definition
| 1. Separation anxiety and stranger anxiety that begin after the first year represent: |
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Term
| An infant sees her fathers facial expression of encouragement and her mothers facial expression of fear |
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Definition
| 2. In which of the following scenarios is social referencing most likely to be stressful for and infant: |
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Term
| food alone is insufficient to bring about attachment |
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Definition
| 3. Harry Harlow’s class study with the cloth and wire monkeys illustrates that _________ |
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Term
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Definition
| 4. An infant keeps a very regular schedule of hunger, sleep, and excretion. This relates to which dimension of temperament. |
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Term
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Definition
| 5. According to Piaget, an infant who at first by chance gets her thumb in her mouth and then purposefully repeats the action is exhibiting: |
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Term
| in the first 18 months of life |
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Definition
| 6. According to Erikson, when do children pass through the trust- vs.- mistrust stage: |
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Term
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Definition
| 7. The term _________ reflects how well parents match or work with their child’s behavior. For example, my nephew had a difficult temperament but became easier over time as his mother reacted to him with warmth and consistency. |
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Term
In some instances is associated with abusive parenting
May lead to dissocociative experiences in adolescence |
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Definition
| 8. The disorganized/disoriented attachment style_________ |
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Term
| Sensitivity to their infants needs and desires |
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Definition
| 9. What is the hallmark of mothers of securely attached infants? |
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Term
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Definition
| 11. The process in which infants behaviors invite further responses from…about the father responses from infants is________. |
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Term
| a sense of self awareness |
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Definition
| 12. As discussed in class, a red spot was put on an elephant’s head and placed in front of a mirror to look at. The elephant looked at the mirror and used his trunk to touch his reflection, researchers doing this suggested that the elephant has |
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Term
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Definition
| Head Start was designed to promote_______. |
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Term
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Definition
| 14. According to Thomas and Chess,¬¬¬¬¬¬__________ babies are inactive reactions to their environments and may initially withdrawn from new situations |
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Term
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Definition
| 15. My dog Chet exhibited his own________ when he tricked the other dog for a treat by pretending there was a possum or raccoon in the back yard. |
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Term
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Definition
| 16. What is Fred most likely to spend time doing with his infant daughter? |
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Term
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Definition
| 17. What is the term for instances in which new words are associated with their brief encounter? |
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Term
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Definition
| 18. A 4-year old child is asked to draw a pencil falling. The child draws the pencil falling horizontal with no stages in between. The child shows that she does not understand |
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Term
Most common kind of illness preschool years
May help children build up immunity to severe illnesses
Mat promote coping skills |
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Definition
| minor illnesses such as colds |
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Term
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Definition
| 20. The average preschooler watches 21 hours of TV a week, but the American Accociation of Pediatrics recommends________ for kids under 2 and ________over that. |
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Term
| Tiny amounts of lead typically do not harm most children |
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Definition
| 21. Which of the following about lead poisoning is FALSE? |
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Term
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Definition
| 22. The left hemisphere of the brain becomes more specialized during the p….following areas except: |
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Term
Increased criminal convictions by age 30, for those who like TV violence
Increased bullying and aggressive behaviors
An inscensitivity for the suffering of victims of violence. |
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Definition
| 23. The impacts of watching violent programs on TV includes_______. |
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Term
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Definition
| 24. Which of the following stages is a period where the general level of physical and …are extraordinary high |
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Term
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Definition
| 25. Madeline is working to teach 4-year-old daughter, Eliza, how to count. She places in one row with very little space between the buttons, and the 8 buttons in another row… between the buttons; therefore, the second row is longer than the first. Then Madeline asked daughter which row has more buttons. Inevitably, Eliza chooses the second row ,…knows that 10 is more than 8. What is this an example of? |
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Term
| their memory is fragile and easily changed |
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Definition
| 26. Which of the following is true about children’s, particularly preschoolers eye witness testimony? |
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Term
| they lack understanding of conservation |
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Definition
| When giving kids in the 2-7 year age range glasses of organic apple juice, it helped… same size cup because they have difficulty accepting the idea that a short, wide cup …much as a tall skinny glass, that is________ |
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Term
| they should begin when they show signs of readiness |
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Definition
| 28. According of the American Acadamy of Pediatrics, when should children be potty trained? |
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Term
| Helps children solve problems and reflect on difficulties they encounter. |
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Definition
| 29. According to Vygotsky, private speech______. |
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Term
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Definition
| 30. Brazelton suggests a_______ approach to toilet training. |
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Term
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Definition
| 31. _________ is a philosophy that promotes the notion of independence |
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Term
| Try to do more and more things independently and may become frustrated and afraid to fail. |
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Definition
| Erikson says that Preschool aged children tend to: |
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Term
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Definition
| 33. What is the term for play in which two or more children actually interact with sharing or borrowing of materials, although they do not do the same thing? |
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Term
| Boys are shaped more towards independence, girls towards dependence |
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Definition
| 34. In terms of gender, which of the following is TRUE? |
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Term
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Definition
| 35. Three-year-old Susan is exposed to repeats of older television programs which…men in highly traditional roles and have a powerful influence in her identification of male behavior. The explanation for Susan’s gender development is based on the: |
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Term
| Watch the kids and start doing what they are doing |
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Definition
| 36. What is a “skilled” way for children to enter into group play? |
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Term
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Definition
| 37. Leo and Mary use firm control with their children but encourage communication in rule setting within the family. What is their parenting style? |
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Term
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Definition
| 38. Maurice and Mary are children of authoritarian parents. They are likely to… of the following characteristics (based on their gender) EXCEPT: |
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Term
Kids are less likely to internalize their parents rules
Are more likely to be aggressive |
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Definition
| 39. As a result of spanking, ________ |
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Term
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Definition
| 40. The ________ hypothesis points to the likelihood that person…. May turn into abusive as adults |
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Term
| “I have brown eyes and black hair” |
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Definition
| 41. Jamie is a 4-year-old girl. When asked to describe herself she is most likely to say: |
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Term
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Definition
| 42. Ted is mentally retarded, having an IQ of 65, he is a janitor, can read and write and lives in an apartment by himself. What classification of mental retardation does he have? |
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Term
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Definition
| 43. What is the term used to describe the support a child might receive that does something she can’t do independently? |
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Term
| De-center and reverse operations |
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Definition
| 47. According to Piaget, during concrete operational stage kids first begin: |
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Term
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Definition
| 48. When you are playing arcade games and attempting to drive a car….the type of intelligence you would be using would be_____. |
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Term
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Definition
| 51. The first stage of cognitive development according to Piaget is: |
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Term
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Definition
| 54. The information processing approach emphasized changes in development is called: |
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Term
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Definition
| 57. Baby Dionne is playing in her crib… pull back blanket that is covering teddy bear she wants to play with.. this is an example of: |
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Term
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Definition
| 58. Piaget argued that infants acquire knowledge through: |
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Term
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Definition
| 59. John makes minor changes to his schemes every time he has a new…called: |
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Term
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Definition
| 60. Piaget called an internal image of a past event or object a(n): |
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Term
tends to be increasingly related to particular competencies
tends to increase during elementary school
tends to decline slightly upon entering middle school |
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Definition
| Self- esteem during middle childhood for European- American kids: |
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Term
| It protects ones self image |
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Definition
| What is the effect of making downward social comparisions? |
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Term
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Definition
| A seventh grade student is tempted to cheat on an exam, but talks himself out of it because he is afraid he will get caught and flunk the course. The student is demonstrating: |
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Term
The original work was done primarily on white males and doesn’t fit women
An individuals judgments are not the same as their actual behaviors |
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Definition
| Criticism of Kohlberg’s work on moral development include: |
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Term
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Definition
| What is Carol Gilligan’s final stage of moral development for women? |
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Term
Teach kids to leave situations in which bullying can occur
Teach kids to not get upset by the bully’s taunts
Teach them they are not responsible for the bully’s behavior |
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Definition
| Which of the following can help victims stop bullying? |
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Term
experience sleep problems, anxiety and depression within the first 2 years
tend to recover to pre-divorce levels of function within 2 years of the divorce |
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Definition
| . Most children of divorce; |
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Term
| tend to exhibit few differences compared to other families |
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Definition
| Families with gay and lesbian parents: |
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Term
| Girls typically fare worse once their mother has remarried |
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Definition
| 12. Which of the following is TRUE about divorce/ remarriage? |
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Term
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Definition
| Barbara expected more out of one of her students because she had … student had excelled the previous year. When the student met her expectations… |
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Term
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Definition
| Which of the following is a type of thinking that is evident in both early childhood: |
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Term
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Definition
| Sally is able to take her understanding of the general concepts about how a to predict how pendulums with different weights might compare. She is using: |
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Term
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Definition
| The_________ effect refers to the limited promotions and career advancement often faced in the workplace. |
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Term
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Definition
| Which very common STI has been identified as the leading causes of cervical cancer? |
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Term
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Definition
| Many adolescents begin to drink because conspicuous examples of drunkenness convince them to assume that everyone is drinking heavily. This is known as: |
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Term
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Definition
| According to James Marcia the status of adolescents who commit to a particular of crisis during which they consider various alternatives is called: |
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Term
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Definition
| . Renee engages in unprotected sexual intercourse with her boyfriend because she doesn’t think she can get pregnant or that she could get a sexually transmitted disease, is an example of: |
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Term
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Definition
| Which is NOT one of the factors attributed to the decline in teenage pregnancy rates: |
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Term
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Definition
| At age 13, Julie hangs out with a group which consists of all girls, which is typical for a… grouping is called: |
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Term
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Definition
| Jeb is psychologically normal but shoplifts when pressured by his peers. How would… |
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Term
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Definition
| Adolescents who are liked by some and disliked by others are called: |
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Term
| form intimate relationships |
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Definition
| According to Erikson, I Early adulthood one of the major tasks is to: |
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Term
| Girls attempt suicide more frequently than boys |
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Definition
| Which of the following is an accurate statement about adolescents suicide? |
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Term
| Comprehensive sex education programs are less effective than abstinence |
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Definition
| Which of the following is FALSE? |
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Term
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Definition
| Bipolar disorder is typically characterized by each of the following EXCEPT: |
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Term
| hallucinations and delusions |
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Definition
| Schizophrenia is often characterized by: |
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Term
may be exhibited as confussion
may be exhibited ??
may be mis diagnosed as dementia |
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Definition
| In the elderly, depression: |
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Term
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Definition
| When Sam was an adolescent, he saw the world in terms or “right or wrong” ideas he understands that what might be “right” for him might be “wrong” for someone else is more relativistic thinking called: |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Mary is a successful cheif executive officer of a marketing firm. She gained her success by being able to learn about the norms of appropriate behavior in the firm. Mary is high in: |
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Term
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Definition
| when studying for this exam, you likely thought about the strategies …rehearsal or trying to come up with examples of the material. Thinking ahead is an example of_______. |
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Term
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Definition
| Which of the following health problems of middle childhood has increases over the past several decades? |
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Term
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Definition
| The first stage of cognitive development according to Piaget: |
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Term
| Limit where they go b/c of fear of a panic attack |
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Definition
| Individuals who have agoraphobia |
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