Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Human Development 1
Human Development test 1
50
Psychology
Undergraduate 2
02/08/2010

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Psychologists who study orderly and sequential changes that occur in behavior with the passage of time are studying what?
Definition
Development
Term
The four major issues of developmental psychology are describing, explaining, predicting, and ________ developmental changes.
Definition
Controlling
Term
What domains of development entails changes in weight, height, organ structures and processes, and skeletal, muscular, and neurological features?
Definition
Physical
Term
Those changes that occur in mental activity, including sensation, perception, memory, thought, reasoning, and language, are studied in the field of ________ development.
Definition
Cognitive
Term
Those changes that concern a person’s personality, emotions, and relationships with others are known as ________ development.
Definition
Emotional-social
Term
Developmental psychologists studying psychosocial development assume what?
Definition
Term
When a particular biological potential, such as the ability to walk, automatically unfolds in a set, irreversible sequence, we refer to this process as what?
Definition
Maturation 
Term
The more or less permanent modification in behavior that results from the individual’s experience in the environment is called what?
Definition
Learning
Term
An advocate of the ecological approach believes that the study of developmental influences must include what?
Definition
the person's interaction with the environment, the person's changing physical and social settings, the relationship among those settings, and how the entire process is affected by the society in which the settings are embedded
Term
Which ecological system includes the social structures that directly or indirectly affect a person’s life, such as school, work, the media, government agencies, and various social networks?
Definition
Exosystem
Term
Know examples of normative age-graded influence on development for adolescent’s.
Definition

21 - drink

16 - drive

Term
Each generation’s members experience certain decisive economic, social, political, and military events at similar junctures in life; these are referred to as what?
Definition
Normative history-graded influences
Term
Unique turning points at which people change some direction in their lives (such as divorce, winning the lottery, or being severely injured in an accident) are called what?
Definition
Non-normative life events
Term
A person’s ________ functions as a reference point that allows people to orient themselves in terms of what or where they are within various social networks.
Definition
age
Term
The social heritage of a person (those learned patterns for thinking, feeling, and acting that are transmitted from one generation to the next) is called what?
Definition
Culture
Term
All societies are divided into social layers that are based on time periods in life, which psychologists call what?
Definition
age strata
Term
It seems that a new stage has emerged between adolescence and adulthood called what?
Definition
Emerging adulthood
Term
What are characteristics of a theory?
Definition
provides an explanation for a class of events
Term
The major function of a theory is to what?
Definition
organizes observations, shows relationships among facts, stimulates inquiry
Term
Sigmund Freud’s theory suggests that individuals pass through various ________ stages.
Definition
Psychosexual
Term
According to Freud’s view, the unconscious is important because_____?
Definition
it contains motivation stemming from impulses buried below the level of awareness 
Term
A major premise of Freudian theory is that fixation occurs when _____?
Definition
an individual who does not develop a complex might become so addicted to the pleasures of a given stage that they are not willing to move on to later stages
Term
What is a criticism of psychoanalytic theory?
Definition

- can't be tested using the scientific method

- based on male dominated culture of the Victorian era

- Freud's patients suffered from emotional difficulties

Term
In contrast to Freud’s concern with psychosexual development, Erik Erikson emphasized what?
Definition
Psychosocial development
Term
Erikson concluded that the personality continues to develop over the life span in____?
Definition
everyone
Term
According to Maslow’s theory, what are the fundamental needs?
Definition
Physiological (food, water, sex)
Term
Behavioral theorists look at the interaction between what?
Definition
people
Term
Operant conditioning is derived from?
Definition
consequences
Term
Reinforcement occurs when ______?
Definition
one event strengthens the probability of another event's occurring
Term
Behavior modification uses ________ to change behaviors?
Definition
learning, stopping the reinforcement of a behavior 
Term
According to Piagetian theory, when a child engages in the process of assimilation, he or she_____?
Definition
takes in new information and interprets it so that if conforms to a currently held model of the world
Term
According to Piagetian theory, when a child engages in the process of accommodation, he or she is___?
Definition
changing their schema to make it better match the world of reality
Term
The difference between Lewin’s field theory and Bronfrenbrenner’s ecological theory is the concept of what?
Definition
Term
Sex cells (sperm and ova) are called what?
Definition
gametes
Term
A normal adult male’s sperm production can be affected by what?
Definition
physical health, recreational environment, scrotum temperature, smoking, drinking, drugs, chemicals, radiation, unprotected sexual activity
Term
The principal male sex hormones are?
Definition
testosterone and androsterone
Term
The primary female reproductive organs, the ovaries, produce mature ova and the female sex hormones ____?
Definition
estrogen and progesterone
Term
The optimal time for fertilization (conception) to occur within the menstrual (ovarian) cycle is?
Definition
in the middle
Term
Fertilization actually takes place in what female reproductive structure?
Definition
fallopian tubes
Term
If pregnancy fails to take place, the decreasing level of hormones leads to menstruation, about ____ days after ovulation.
Definition
28
Term
Long, threadlike structures made of protein and nucleic acid containing hereditary materials are known as _______.
Definition
Chromosomes
Term
The first step in cloning is?
Definition
nuclear transplantation 
Term
Humans have ____ genes in each cell.
Definition
 23
Term
A medical diagnostic procedure, used by physicians to identify hereditary defects before an infant’s birth, that draws fluid from the sac surrounding the fetus is called?
Definition
Amniocentesis 
Term
The placenta is the organ that does what?
Definition
functions as an exchange terminal that permits entry of food materials, oxygen, and hormones into the embryo and exits carbon dioxide and metabolic wastes 
Term
During the fifth prenatal month, the mother generally begins to feel the spontaneous movements of the fetus (a sensation like a fluttering butterfly in the abdominal region) known as?
Definition
Quickening
Term
Most pregnancies end with the birth of a normal, healthy baby. However, about what percent of all conceptions result in spontaneous abortion?
Definition
15 percent
Term
Rh-negative disorder is one in which the infant may be given intrauterine transfusion because?
Definition
there is an incompatibility of a protein in the mother's and child's blood
Term
A woman’s obstetrician suggests to her that he needs to get a sample of amniotic fluid from her fetus. Why?
Definition
to detect if there are any hereditary defects in the fetus
Term
Regina, a first-time mother, tells you she is expecting quintuplets. What does this suggest to you?
Definition
she used ART to become pregnant 
Supporting users have an ad free experience!