Term
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Definition
| Learning of novel behaviors. Little 4-year-old boy gets a gun and kills his sister. He does this because she wouldn't shut up. At the time he was watching the roadrunner. he probably just thought she would come right back to life because of this cartoon. He learned how to use the gun from TV. |
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Term
| Inhibition ad Dis Inhibition of responses |
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Definition
| If you don't stop negative reinforced every time it doesn't work |
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Term
| Response Facilitation de- facilitation |
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Definition
-certain behaviors we want our kids to do.
-in a TV drama when someone pulls over on the side of a isolated road to help someone. Bad things happen! So we have been de-facilitated to not stop and help. |
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Term
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Definition
public persons you are and private self. He clams we all have multiple public persons.
-Crisis of self- who am I
-your private self keeps changing
-would you change if everyday you decided to be a different person |
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Term
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Definition
-groups demand loyalty of us
-groups can make you do things you wouldn't do, mob like behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
-Salmon Ash started this research
-Coming in 5 people only 1 was subject of the study, flash cards 3 lines ABC, ask what's the longest line, what's the shortest line,when asked later many said that they felt strong pressure to say the wrong answer to go along with the group. Maybe the people that said they weren't going along with the group really began to think that B was the right answer. 5.5% clamed they didn't comform. |
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Term
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Definition
| (Stanford) his research could not be done today. Prisoner start acting like prisoners. Prson guards start abusing the prisoners. They were looking at the rule of rule plying. How quickly will that happen. This happened in a matter of two days. People comform so quickly. |
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Term
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Definition
we attend to those people who have status and power.
-we notice them often because of what they can do to us or for us.
-ben a character on tv or movies: confers status. |
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Term
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Definition
if it is relevant to our lives we are going to pay attention to it. Coach and Little House on the Prairie. Bought a book about Minnesota. THings pop up when you start thinking about it. Looking to buy a car. Now you see the billboards everywhere about new cars.
-with kids it's showing what the next stage of development is. Pay attention on what is coming up in their lives.
-Action and movement causes us to attend. Do this even when there is no apparent action. Things like multiple camera angles to keep you attention. |
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Term
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Definition
(new, very little of it) Don't see a lot of it in our real world has to do thing like watching TV to see it.
-Example: seeing the space ship went up. Now they never show it its not novel anymore. |
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Term
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Definition
have to be able to remember it so you can imitate it yourself.
-watch the same things over and over and over again
-this certainly increase retention
-New TV movies and video games will come out because people like them
-Similar movie star characters will be doing the same things |
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Term
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Definition
you must want to do it because you think doing this behavior will benefit you in some way
-co-viewing is one of the most powerful effects. When kids have violent behavior they are much more likely to act out. But if a parent is with and says this is something you don't want to do and don't want to have done to you. The kids is much less likely to act out. |
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Term
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Definition
most believe you can
-this is where video games really have an advantage. Kids doing the violence not just watching it. Kids who play the video game are much more likely to act aggressive, and to be better at acting aggressive. |
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Term
| total time on avg. americans spend in from on TV |
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Definition
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Term
| Total computer time a day |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Why kids are becoming sexual active |
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Definition
losing time and childhood because of media. The media is selling sexuality, and that is making younger and younger kids become sexually active.
-the fertility clock of women is becoming younger |
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Term
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Definition
| his daughter introduced herself to all the men in her apt. building so they wouldn't be a stranger anymore. |
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Term
| People learn from and copy what they see on TV and movies and games. |
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Definition
Stars argue:(or producers, advertisers)
-theres no effect, parents and peers influence only
-just reflecting reality (ex. save by the bell (distorted)
-individual responsibility, free choice
(But children are unsupervised a lot)
We have laws to protect us against smoking. (2nd hand violence)
when kids are shut out from everything they will get exposed to it someday at school and will get hurt. were just giving them what they want. Theses arguments do not make a lot of sense. when you see someone you like on tv you copy. |
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Term
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Definition
we as society have changed over time.
dramatic effects, they seem like were not changing, but they are.
people accept lying now, dramatic change |
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Term
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Definition
| collection of individuals who, as a result of interacting with one another over time, become interdependent, developing shared patterns of behavior and a collective identity. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| says that in twelve-person groups, five to seven people often hold the discussion while the others listen silently. He also found that groups of more than ten or eleven tend to break into smaller cliques. |
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Term
| What is the ideal six for a group? |
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Definition
Dan Rothwell tells us, "the appropriate size for a group is the smallest capable of performing the task effectively.
-six for a problem solving group 5 to 7 people |
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Term
| Advantages of working in a small group |
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Definition
-groups provide more input than do individuals
-often, complex problems need knowledge that goes beyond that of a single individual
-having 5 or 6 heads rather than one means that more ideas can be generated and explored.
-cohesive groups provide support and commitment.
-groups can meet members' interpersonal needs. |
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Term
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Definition
| is the idea that groups are often more effective than the best individuals within them. |
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Term
| 3 basic interpersonal needs |
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Definition
interpersonal needs- the needs to establish indentity by associating with others.
#1-inclusion need: is the need to establish identity by associating with others.
#2- control need: the need to prove one's worth and competence by making effective decisions.
#3 affection need: the need to develop close, caring relationship with others. |
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Term
| Individual rather than group work |
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Definition
| when tasks are relatively simple and straightforward, time is limited, and implementing decisions is easy |
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Term
| Times when groups do not work effectively are . . . |
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Definition
when social loafing occurs and when members take a free ride by letting others do their work.
-social loafing: when members get "lost in the crowd" and don't fulfill their work potential.
-free-rideing: sit back and let others do the work for them |
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Term
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Definition
| throughout life of their relationship, individuals try to influence the group to meet their needs whereas the group as a whole seeks to influence individuals to do what is best for it. |
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Term
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Definition
behaviors that help the group to accomplish its task.
-they include acting as information giver, information seeker, evaluator critic. |
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Term
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Definition
| -Behaviors that enhance the social climate of the group maintenance roles |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
sometimes a group gets too confident and begins to make poor decisions. Irving Janis coined the term.
-in group think, group members believe that they can do no wrong. This problem can occur when cohesion is too high, when group members are too similar (so that no new ideas challenge group consensus), or when the group is isolated from outside influences. |
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Term
| Illusion of invulnerability symptoms of group think |
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Definition
| a group that is immersed in groupthink believes so strongly that it is the best that it loses all sense of reality. |
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Term
| belief in the groups own morality another groupthink |
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Definition
| members feel that their actions and beliefs are more valuable than those of people outside the group. |
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Term
| Shared stereotypes another groupthink |
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Definition
| members take on an "us versus them" mentality, believing that anyone who oppose the group is stupid and wrong. |
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Term
| collective rationalizations another group think |
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Definition
| problems or failures are explained away, which allows members to stick to an ill-advised course of action even in the face of contrary information. |
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Term
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Definition
| individual members who begin to doubt the group feel strong pressures . . . they hesitate to speak up because they know they will encounter disapproval. |
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Term
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Definition
| leader and key members of the group are protected from outside information by self-appointed ______ who "protect" them from negative information. |
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Term
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Definition
forming
storming
norming
performing
and adjourning |
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Term
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Definition
orientation
conflict
emergence
and reinforcement |
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Term
| poole's multiple-sequence model |
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Definition
| suggests that groups develop simultaneously on three different tracks: task, topic, and relation tracks. |
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Term
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Definition
| leadership is not a story of one member rising through the ranks to triumph because of natural ability or clever manipulation. Rather, leadership is a matter of not making mistakes. |
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Term
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Definition
| is any behavior that moves a group toward the accomplishment of task or maintenance goal. |
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Term
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Definition
| are groups that have specific performance objectives that they are try to reach (and reaching these objectives) requires coordinated collaboration. |
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Term
| "Gibbs" Defensive climate |
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Definition
| group members feel threatened, the group is unproductive. To the extent to which group members sense evaluation (judgmental toward one another), control(members impose their will on others), strategy(hidden agendas), neutrality(lack of commitment), superiority(avoided as much as possible), and certainty on the part of others, they close down and refuse to cooperate. |
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Term
| "Jack Gibbs" supportive climate |
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Definition
| description("I am concerned about getting the work done as soon as possible, because I have commitments at the end of the month"), problem orientation, spontaneity(members communicate in an open and honest manner), empathy(tells others that you understand their thoughts and feelings), equality(asking for others opinions and weighing everyone's contributions equally), and provisionalism, a group can create a supportive climate. |
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Term
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Definition
| is a 6 step guide to solving problems that derives directly from Dewey's theories about reflective thinking. |
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Term
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Definition
the group draws up a matrix. one set of behaviors or characteristics is written in columns across the top of the matrix, and another set is written in rows along the left hand side.
example: a group with the task of inventing a new sport might list equipment or materials across the top of a matrix and actions or playing surfaces along the side. Although many of the resulting combinations might seem ridiculous, some jut might work. |
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Term
| find-something-similar method |
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Definition
| group members are encouraged to think of analogies. A group that wants to solve a parking problem might think of how bees, squirrels, shoe stores, dry cleaners, and so on store things. All of these methods encourage members to break away from standard ways of thinking and to become more open minded and daring. |
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Term
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Definition
| form of public discussion in which a number of experts give brief, prepared speeches on a topic of general convern. |
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Term
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Definition
| there are no outside experts; audience members are the discussants. They share their comments and opinions with one another and are led by a moderator whose job is to announce the topic, to provide necessary background information, to set the ground rules for participation, and generally to control the discussion. |
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Term
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Definition
| experts interact with one another in a small group while an audience listens |
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Term
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Definition
| goal is to increase audience response to a speech or public discussion |
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Term
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Definition
people are placed in small groups, are given a scenario, and are asked to act out their responses.
-by experiencing a situation rather than passively discussing it, members can get in touch with their emotions and practice new behaviors. |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to traditional one to many forms of mediated communication such as TV, radio, newspapers, and books. |
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Term
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Definition
| is used to describe digital information and telecommunication systems, including networked computing and mobile telephony. |
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Term
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Definition
| gathering and disseminating of information. |
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Term
| mass communication book define |
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Definition
is a form of communication through which institutional sources (often referred to as "the media") address large, diverse audiences whose members are physically separated from one another.
-networks clean up violence by only cleaning up the blood and gore, and they leave all the guns and weapons.
people don't see negative effects. |
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Term
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Definition
| the analysis and evaluation of information |
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Term
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Definition
| or education and socialization. |
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Term
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Definition
| that is, it reinforces social ideals and passes on cultural understanding from one generation to the next. |
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Term
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Definition
| reinforcing socially destructive behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| the media offer receivers an escape from the problems of everyday life. |
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Term
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Definition
monkey see monkey do
copy people we like to be like them
most learning occurs through social learning theory |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
when people are made they have they lash out
perhaps watching that on tv will release anger but really it just produces a model. |
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Term
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Definition
| notice behaviors before copying takes place |
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Term
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Definition
| remember how it is done to copy it |
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Term
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Definition
| must believe reproducing this behavior is benefitical |
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Term
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Definition
means must believe you can.
like superman |
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Term
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Definition
group demand loyality and put pressure on us to do things
individuals are more responsible than groups |
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Term
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Definition
| all members within an organization are connected to one another. |
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Term
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Definition
| system divided into orders and ranks |
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Term
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Definition
| clear chain of command (report to someone) |
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Term
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Definition
| believe their is a recriprocal |
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Term
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Definition
| someone near the top of the organization sends a message to someone near the bottom. |
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Term
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Definition
| when a message travels from bottom up |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| transmission of a message in a one way direction from one person to the next. |
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Term
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Definition
| listen to workers at lower levels of the organization and pass on their concerns. |
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Term
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Definition
| anything that influences one part influences all parts |
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Term
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Definition
| acts in a relatively independent fashion |
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Term
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Definition
| consists of collectively held logics and legends about organizational life |
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Term
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Definition
| directly related to a particular job |
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Term
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Definition
| personal strengths such as flexibility, enthusiasm, and persistence. |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to what the tecnhology is designed to do. |
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Term
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Definition
| unforeseen side effect of technology |
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Term
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Definition
| groups that can effect or are affected by organizations that have a "stake" in the organization. |
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Term
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Definition
| survelliance, correlation, culutural, transmission, and entertainment. |
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Term
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Definition
| gathering and disseminating of information |
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Term
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Definition
| analysis and evaluation of information |
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Term
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Definition
| education and socialization |
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Term
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Definition
| reinforces social ideals and passes on cultural understandings from one generation to the next. |
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Term
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Definition
| reinforcing socially destructive behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| overwhelm or paralyze an audience |
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Term
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Definition
| audiences who defend themselves |
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Term
| magic bullet or hyodermic needle |
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Definition
| inject people with a message |
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Term
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Definition
| viewed as creative consumers who looked for media messages for their own needs. |
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Term
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Definition
| gatekeepers select the issues they feel are most worthy of coverage and give those issues wide attention. |
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Term
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Definition
| media messages keep powerless groups from making their ideas known. |
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Term
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Definition
| media reproduces and packages a single message |
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Term
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Definition
| Elisabeth Noelle-Neuman's theory believes that people who think their ideas are popular tend to express them, those who see themselves in the minority remain silent. |
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Term
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Definition
| george gerbner draws our attention to ways in which individuals come to accept the televised world as an accurate reflection of our world. |
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