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| The audience's perception of your effectiveness as a speaker. |
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| Degree to which the speaker is perceived as skilled, reliable, experienced, qualified, authoritative, and informed; an aspect of credibility. |
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| The degree to which the speaker is perceived as honest, fair, sincere, honorable, friendly, and kind; an aspect of credibility. |
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| The extent to which the speaker is perceived as bold, active, energetic, strong, empathic, and assertive; an aspect of credibility. |
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| Also known as coorientation, the degree to which the speaker's values, beliefs, attitudes, and interests are shared with the audience; an aspect of credibility. |
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| A change of audience opinion caused by separation of the message content from its source over a period of time. |
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| Use of your own life as a source of information. |
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| A program on the internet that allows users to search for information. |
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| Complete citations that appear in the "references" or "work cited" section of your speech outline. |
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| Brief notations indicating a bibliographic reference that contains the details you are using in your speech. |
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| Oral explanations of who the source is, how recent the information is, and what the source's qualifications are. |
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| Information you can use to substantiaite your arguments and to clarify your passion. |
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| Specific instances used to illustrate your point. |
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| Studies in which a limited number of questions are answered by a sample of the population to discover opinions on issues. |
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| Written or oral staements of others' experience used by a speaker to substantiaite or clarify a point. |
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| Statements made by an ordinary person that substantiate or support what you say. |
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| Statements made by someone who has special knowledge or expertise about an issue or idea. |
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| Statements made by a public figure who is known to the audience. |
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| Numbers that summarize numerical information or compare quantities. |
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| A comparison of things in some respects, especially in position or function, that are otherwise dissimilar. |
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| A clarification of what something is or how it works. |
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| Determinations of meaning through description, simplification, examples, analysis, comparison, explanation, or illustration. |
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| The intentional use of information from another source without crediting the source. |
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| The intentional or unintentional use of information from one or more sources without fully divulging how much information is directly quoted. |
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| A source advocating one position presents an argument from the opposite viewpoint and then goes on to refute that argument. |
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