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Human Communication 1101
definitions for chapters 1-5
47
Other
Undergraduate 2
09/10/2015

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Term
Process
Definition
Communication is always in motion. It doesn't start or stop and the past influences the future
Term
systematic
Definition
communication consists of interrelated parts that affect each other.
Term
symbolic
Definition
communication relies on symbols that are abstract, arbitrary, and ambigious representations of other things.
Term
Quantitative Research Methods
Definition

Systematic techniques such as survey and experiments used to gather data in numerical form (fractions, percentages, etc.) 

 

Example: how many people participate in Christmas

Term
Qualitative Reseach 
Definition

procedures such as textual analysis amd ethography used to understand how people perceive and make sense of experience.

 

Example: What Christmas means to them

Term
Ethography
Definition
lives among the group to come up with information
Term
Critical Research
Definition

data analysis that aims to identify, critique or change communication practices that oppress, marginalize or other wise harm people

 

Example: a few corporations own the bulk of hte media and not all research gets made public

Term
Perception
Definition
the active process of sel;ecting, organizing and interpreting people, objects, events, situation and activites.
Term
Triangulation
Definition

all 3 methods

of research

Term
Selection
Definition
our needs, interests and motives influence what we choose to notice after selecting we organize it
Term
selection Influences
Definition

size ..really large or really small

intensiity....extent something contrasts like really bright colors

Novelty...somethings new or different

Dynamic....movement

repition

Term
Constructivism
Definition

theory that we organize our experiences by applying cognitive structures or schema patterns to what we have selected

 

Term
prototype
Definition

the clearest or most representative examples of some category a broad category of what something is`

Example: your idea of what a teacher is 

Term
personal contruct
Definition

measuring people and situations mentally along wong bipolar (opposite) dimensions of judgement

examples: smart vs. stupid

good vs. bad 

industious vs. lazy

Term
perceptions
Definition
selection of what we want. Compare what we are seeing and catergorizing it. create a prototype. what is revelent to a prototype.
Term
stereotype
Definition
generalizations about people and situations we create to predict what will happen
Term
scripts
Definition
sequence of activities that define how we and others are expected to act or behave in a specific situation
Term
interpretation
Definition

subjective process of creating explanations for what we observe and experience.

 

Term
attribution
Definition

act of explaining why something happens or why a person acts a particular way.

 

has 4dimensions 

 

Term
internal-external locus:
Definition

internal factor: hes short tempered

external factor: the traffic jam frustrated him

Term
stability
Definition

the explanations of actions as the result of stable, enduring factors that won't change over time

Ex: shes a nervous person

Term
variable (unstable)
Definition
Ex: shes nervous right now because of the big deals shes closing
Term
specifically
Definition

the explanation of actions as the result of global factors

ex: she's intelligent

 or specific factors

 ex:she's gifted at math

Term
control -factors beyond their control
Definition

ascribing of responsibility for actions either to people or themselves

ex: she doesn't try to control her temper

or

ex: she has a chemical imbalance

Term
self serving bias
Definition
constructing attributions that serve our personal interests and are inclined to attribute our positive actions and our successs to internal and stable factors and our failures due to external unstable factors beyond our control
Term
Physiological Factors
Definition

this influences peroples perception due to:

A. State of being

B. Five senses

C. Age

Term
systems
Definition

where communication takes place and consits of interrelated parts that affect one another.

Ex: familiy communication, each member is part of the system 

Term
Arbitrary
Definition

constantly changing chioce of using a ceertain word

EX: sick, phat , dog

Term
ambigious
Definition

different meaning for different people

EX: good friend means someone to hang out with to some but someone to confide in to another

Term
abstract
Definition
symbols are not concrete or tangible, it's not the thing it represents.
Term
high level abstractions
Definition

duty is love, love is duty

 

Term
low level abstraction
Definition

(concrete words)

shoe polish is popcorn

Term
regulative rules
Definition

rules specifying how, when, where ad with whom to communicate about certain things.

ex:raise your hand in a classrooom

whisper in libraries

 

Term
constructive rules
Definition

what communication stands for or means

:talking over others is a rude behavior

Term
punctuation
Definition
our perception of when interaction begins and ends
Term
indexing
Definition

a technique to remind us that our evaluations apply only to specific times and circumstances

mental indexing (notes) that remind us that we and others are able to change in remarkable ways

Term
Kinesics
Definition

hand gestures, facial movements and body positions

:movements..

Term
Haptics
Definition
physical touch
Term
artifacts
Definition

objects to annouce identities and personalize our environment

:jewlery

Term
proxemics
Definition

personal space and object arrangement 

:how we may arrange the furniture around the tv

Term
Chronemics
Definition

time, sense of status, gives us expectation 

:people of high status can keep people with low status waiting

Term
paralanguage
Definition

the use of silence, murmurs and gasps

volume pitch and rhythm

whispering

Term

intrapersonal

 

Definition

communication with ourselves

self talk

Term
interpersonal
Definition
communication between people
Term
public speaking
Definition
speaking in front of a group of people
Term
cognitive schema
Definition
a mental map of how we organize information
Term
attributions
Definition
the act of explaing why something happens or why a person acts a particular way
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