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human capital def. test 2
def.
66
Business
Undergraduate 2
03/15/2011

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Term
Strong Culture
Definition
an organizational culture with a consensus on the values that drive the company and with an intensity that is recognizable even to outsiders. also deeply held, widely understood and resistant to change
most of these companies are midrange
Term
Strong Situation
Definition
overwhelm the effects of individual personalities
Term
Weak Situation
Definition
individual personalities have a stronger influence. open to a lot of interpretation
Term
Sterotypes
Definition
Beliefs that all members of specific groups share similar traits and are prone to behave the same way.
Term
Halo Effect
Definition
The tendency for our overall impressions of others to affect objective evaluations of their specific traits; perceiving high correlations between characteristics that may be unrelated.
Term
Organizational Culture
Definition
One where the people are united by common standards and those standards provide the basis for all their actions. It reflects the values, beliefs, and attitudes of its members
Term
Artifacts
Definition
symbols of culture in the physical and social environment
Term
Values
Definition
underlined belief about what should and should not be
Term
Basic assumptions
Definition
deeply held beliefs that guide behavior and tell members of an organization how to think about things
Term
Perceptions
Definition
- View others as having thoughts and feelings, etc. (particularly undesirable) that we actually have.
Term
Perceptual distortion
Definition
Can be purposeful or unconscious. Example: A manager writes something insulting on an employee’s evaluation and then the manager denies the comment was meant in a bad way.
Term
First Impression error
Definition
The tendency to form lasting opinions about an individual based on initial perceptions
Term
Selective perception
Definition
The tendency to focus on some aspects of the environment while ignoring others
Term
Self full-filling prophecy
Definition
Thinking things will turn out a certain way, then working only toward the predicted level.
Term
Internal Causality
Definition
Where people initiate actions
Term
External Causality
Definition
Where people react to there environment
Term
Fundamental Attribution Error
Definition
We attribute the behaviors of others to internal factors.
Term
attributions
Definition
Explanations of how people assign responsibility and the cognitive processes by which they interpret the causes of their own behavior and the behavior of other people
Term
Fit Perspective
Definition
argues that a culture is good only if it fits the industry or the firm’s strategy.
Term
The adaptive perspective
Definition
An organizational culture that encourages confidence and risk taking among employees, has leadership that produces change, and focuses on the changing needs of customers. Trys to meet the needs of everyone. Promote long term performance
Term
Socialization
Definition
the process through which people acquire social knowledge and skills necessary to correctly assume new roles in a group or an organization.
Term
Role
Definition
Where you fit in at an organization
Term
Strategic planning
Definition
Make decisions about long term goals
Term
human resource planning
Definition
try to antisapate how many people they need to hire
Term
Cost Leadership
Definition
Attempts to achieve high performance through reducing costs associated with production or delivery of product or service. Reducing cost
Term
Differentiation
Definition
Attempts to achieve high performance through differentiating products or services from those of competitors.
Term
Focus
Definition
– Simply that the firm focuses on a small part of the market – a niche.
Term
Core Capabilities
Definition
Integrated knowledge sets within an organization that distinguish it from its competitors and deliver value to customers
Term
Control-Oriented Work System
Definition
that minimizes employee knowledge and skill requirements, and seeks to limit the variability of performance across people
Term
High Performance Work System (HPWS)
Definition
Is a specific combination of HR practices, work structures, and processes that maximizes employee knowledge, skill, commitment, and flexibility.Is composed of many interrelated parts that complement one another to reach the goals of an organization, large or small
Term
Egalitarian
Definition
eliminate status and power difference
Term
Shared Information
Definition
A shift away from the mentality of command and control toward one more focused on employee commitment
Term
Knowledge Development
Definition
Employees in high-performance work systems need to learn in “real time,” on the job, using innovative new approaches to solve novel problems
Term
Performance-Reward Linkage
Definition
It is important to align employee and organizational goals. When rewards are connected to performance, employees will naturally pursue outcomes that are mutually beneficial to themselves and the organization.
Term
External fit-
Definition
Organization meeting key goals and strategies with whichever system they are using
Term
Internal fit
Definition
check to see if all HR strategies fit together
Term
Person-job fit
Definition
select people with the right knowledge skills to fit the job
Term
Person-Organization Fit
Definition
select people who fit with the overall organizational values
Term
selection system.
Definition
The process of reducing the number of applicants and choosing from among the individuals who have the relevant qualifications.
Term
Validity
Definition
The degree to which a test or selection procedure meaures a person's attriibutes
Term
Concurrent Validity
Definition
Organization obtains measures on the selection device (predictor) and the criterion (job performance) at the same time from current employees
Term
Predictive Validity
Definition
Organizations obtain the measure of the selection device from job applicants. These applicants are hired randomly or using the current selection device. After the new hires have worked on the job for some time, job performance measures can be obtained
Term
Compensatory Approach
Definition
Organizations allow a high score on one device to compensate for a low score on another device.
Term
Noncompensatory Approach
Definition
Organization decides that a minimum score on each device is necessary.
Term
Multiple Hurdle Method
Definition
A sequential strategy in which only the applicants with the highest scores at the initial test can go on to other stages.
Term
Combination Approach
Definition
Must first pass the first selection task, the you may use compensatory
Term
Interviewing
Definition
Can provide an evidence of communication and interpersonal skills. Can gain insight into a candidate’s personality and interpersonal styles
Term
Structured Interviews
Definition
: Use a set of established questions (standardized questions and looking for standardized answers)
Term
Non-directive interview
Definition
The interviewer has great discretion in choosing questions to ask
Term
Situational Interviews
Definition
Hypothetical Situation: How would you respond?
Term
Behavioral Interviews
Definition
Applicant is asked questions based on what you did in the past in a given situation.
Term
Reliability
Definition
Degree to which selection devices yield consistent results – over time and different measures.Free of errors.
Term
Test-Retest Reliability
Definition
Has the same applicants repeat steps of the selection process. The two scores are then correlated to arrive at an estimate of the reliability of the selection device.
Term
Interrater reliability/agreement
Definition
Measure of the consistency of information between two independent interviewers
Term
principal
Definition
trys to engage the agent to act in certain ways
Term
the Agent
Definition
has their own utility function that may or may not make corespond with the principal
Term
. Identify the factors that the employer is able to control as well as the constraints he or she faces when trying to motivate employee effort.(3)
Definition
1)Compensate effort
2)Provide incentive systems
3)Create a system the employee does not want to leave
Term
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Definition
Must satisfy lower levels before higher levels become important
Term
Lower-order Needs
Definition
Needs that are satisfied externally; physicological and safety needs
Term
Higher-order needs
Definition
Needs that are satisfied internally;social, esteem, and self-actualization needs.
Term
Theory X
Definition
How to manage individuals ruled by lower order needs
Term
Theory Y
Definition
How we manage individuals run by upper level needs
Term
Selection(Encoding)
Definition
How you come up with ways to remember things
Term
Lists the Barriers to social perception
Definition
Stereotypes
Halo Effect
Projection
First impression error
Perceptual Distortion
Selective Perception
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
Term
four functions of organizational culture within the organization.
Definition
-Provides a sense of identity to members and increases their commitment to the organization.
-Culture is a sense making device for organization members.
-Culture reinforces the values in the organization.
-Culture serves as a control mechanism for shaping behavior.
Term
Sustained competitive advantage through people is achieved if these human resources:
Definition
Are valuable.
Are rare and unavailable to competitors.
Are difficult to imitate.
Are organized for teamwork and cooperation.
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