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| Chemical messenger that is released in part of the body but affects cells of a different part of the body |
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| Glands that release section through DUCTS |
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| Glands that release secretions through the BLOODSTREAM. |
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| Examples of exocrine glands |
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| Sweat glands, tear glands (lacrimal), pancreatic glands |
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| controls the secretions of the pituitary gland |
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| "master gland" - makes hormones that controls the function of other endocrine glands. |
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| releases parathyroid hormone (regulates calcium levels in the body) |
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| releases thymosin (stimulates T cell production for the immune system) |
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| Releases norepinephrine and epinephrine (adrenaline) in response to stress ("fight or flight" response) |
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| releases melatonin, which regulates our daily sleep/wake cycle |
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| produces thyroxine, which regulates metabolism |
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| releases insulin (when blood sugar levels are too HIGH) and glucagon (when blood sugar levels are too LOW) |
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| Produces estrogen (responsible for egg development) and progesterone (prepares uterus for pregnancy) |
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| produces testosterone (sperm production) |
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| Covers the entrance to the trachea when swallowing |
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| throat; passageway for food and air |
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| voicebox; muscles pull vocal cords together and air moving between them produces the sound of our voice |
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| windpipe; takes in oxygen from the environment |
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| Leads into the lungs from the bronchi; branches out until it reaches alveoli |
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| air sacs; grouped into clusters that resemble grapes; a delicate network of thin-walled capillaries; where gas exchange takes place |
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| large, flat, thin muscle that is between the heart and liver and is involved in breathing |
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| the protective sac around the heart |
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| Divides the left side of the heart from the right side of the heart |
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| upper chambers of the heart |
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| lower chambers of the heart |
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| The right side of the heart; pumps blood from the heart to the LUNGS |
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| the left side of the heart; pumps blood from the heart to the BODY |
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| keeps blood moving through the heart in only one direction |
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| largest vessel; thick walls; oxygen rich (bright red); carries blood from the heart to the body |
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| contains vales to keep blood flowing toward the heart; oxygen poor (dark red); returns blood to the heart from the body |
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| contains enzymes to start breaking down food in the mouth |
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| connects the mouth to the stomach |
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| a large muscular sac that contains digestive enzymes to break down food |
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| Most chemical digestion takes place here; where nutrients are absorbed from food |
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| colon; retains water; develops feces |
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| detoxifies the blood; produces bile (which breaks down fats) |
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| destroys and makes red blood cells; produces antibodies for the immune system. |
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| contractions of smooth muscle in the esophagus to help us swallow |
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| Removes waste products from the blood; maintains blood pH and regulates the amount of water in the blood |
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| Carries urine from the kidney to the bladder |
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| carries urine from the bladder to outside of the body |
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| an external sac that holds the testes a few degrees cooler than normal body temperature |
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| hundreds of tiny tubes found in the testes where the sperm are produced |
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| Where the sperm mature and are stored |
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| Where the egg is fertilized by the sperm |
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| Where the fertilized egg implants and grows and develops for 40 weeks (9 1/2 months) |
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| Supplies nutrients and oxygen to the fetus; eliminates wastes and carbon dioxide |
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| the protective layers that surround the brain |
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| largest part of the brain; involved in thinking, logic, intelligence, learning and judgment |
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| back of skull; controls muscle movement |
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| part of the brain stem; connects brain and spinal cord; controls blood pressure, heart rate, breathing, swallowing, vomiting and defecation. |
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| bathes the brain and spinal cord and acts as a "shock absorber"; also allows for the exchange of nutrients and waste products between blood and nervous tissue. |
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| Cardiac region of the stomach |
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| the upper section of the stomach; where the esophagus connects |
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| Pyloric region of the stomach |
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| the lower section of the stomach; where the stomach connects to the small intestine |
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| amniotic fluid that is partially digested; contains mucous and skin cells that have sloughed off from the fetus |
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| the folds of the stomach; can stretch outward, allowing the stomach to expand as it fills with food. |
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| connective tissue that holds the intestines together and attach it to the dorsal abdominal wall |
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