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Human Body Systems and Disease
Vocabulary
67
Science
7th Grade
01/30/2015

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Term
cell
Definition
the smallest unit of an organism that can perform life functions
Term
tissue
Definition
similar type cells that perform the same function
Term
Four types of tissue
Definition
nerve, muscle, epithelial, connective
Term
organ
Definition
a structure made up of different types of tissues that work together to do a specific job
Term
organ system
Definition
a group of two or more organs working together for a specific job
Term
muscular system
Definition
the body system that supports the body and enables it to move
Term
skeletal muscles
Definition
Voluntary muscles attached to bones and provide the force needed to move the bones
Term
cardiac muscle
Definition
Involuntary muscle that forms the heart
Term
smooth muscles
Definition
Involuntary muscles that control many types of movement within the body (such as digestion)
Term
skeletal system
Definition
Provides shape and support for the body and protection for many organs and structures; some bones produce blood cells; some store minerals
Term
tendons
Definition
connect the skeletal muscles to bones
Term
ligaments
Definition
tissue that connects bones to bones
Term
circulatory system
Definition
the body system responsible for carrying materials through out the body; major organs include heart, blood vessels
Term
digestive system
Definition
the body system that takes in, breaks down, and absorbs nutrients that are necessary for growth and maintenance; major organs include mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestines, large intestines, rectum/anus
Term
respiratory system
Definition
the body system in which oxygen is brought into the body and carbon dioxide is released; major organs include nose, trachea, bronchi, lungs, diaphragm
Term
excretory system
Definition
the body system that helps rid the body of wastes, toxins, and excess water or nutrients; major organs include kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra
Term
nervous system
Definition
the body system of specialized cells that carry messages throughout the body; directs behavior, movement, and processes of the body; major organs include brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves
Term
integumentary system
Definition
the body system that covers and protects the body; major organ is the skin
Term
disease
Definition
condition in which the normal function of some part of the body is disturbed
Term
infectious disease
Definition
a disease that can be spread from one person to another
Term
pathogen
Definition
tiny organisms that cause infectious diseases; may be bacteria, viruses, fungi, or protists
Term
immune system
Definition
parts of the body that act together to protect the body against infection or disease; is responsible for distinguishing between different kinds of pathogens and reacting to each according to its type
Term
cold
Definition
an illness caused by a viral infection located in the respiratory system
Term
flu/influenza
Definition
a highly contagious viral infection of the respiratory system
Term
strep throat
Definition
bacterial disease caused by streptococcus that invade cells in the throat
Term
athlete's foot
Definition
a common fungal infection of the skin of the feet
Term
AIDS
Definition
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; is a viral disease that attacks the cells in the immune system making the body unable to fight off other pathogens that may attack the body
Term
noninfectious disease
Definition
a disease that is not caused by a pathogen and cannot be spread from person to person
Term
diabetes
Definition
noninfectious disease in which the body either secretes too little insulin or isn’t able to use the insulin that it does secrete
Term
asthma
Definition
a disorder in which the respiratory passages narrow causing shortness of breath
Term
Parkinson's disease
Definition
a movement disorder that occurs when nerve cells in the brain die or become damaged
Term
skin cancer
Definition
a disease in which cancer cells are found in the outermost layers of the skin
Term
heart
Definition
Causes blood to flow through the body by its pumping action
Term
arteries
Definition
Most carry blood that has oxygen and nutrients away from the heart to all parts of the body
Term
veins
Definition
Carry blood containing waste products from all parts of the body back to the heart
Term
capillaries
Definition
Term
blood
Definition
Term
nose
Definition
Term
trachea
Definition
Term
bronchi
Definition
Term
lungs
Definition
Term
alveoli
Definition
Term
diaphragm
Definition
Term
mouth
Definition
Term
saliva
Definition
Term
esophagus
Definition
Term
stomach
Definition
Term
small intestine
Definition
Term
large intestine
Definition
Term
rectum
Definition
Term
bile
Definition
Term
liver
Definition
Term
gallbladder
Definition
Term
pancreas
Definition
Term
kidneys
Definition
Term
ureters
Definition
Term
bladder
Definition
Term
urethra
Definition
Term
brain
Definition
Term
cerebrum
Definition
Term
cerebellum
Definition
Term
brain stem
Definition
Term
spinal cord
Definition
Term
peripheral nerves
Definition
Term
skin
Definition
Term
joint
Definition
where two or more bones meet
Term
joint
Definition
where two or more bones meet
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